3D Spheroid Cultivation Alters the Extent and Progression of Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Compared to 2D Cultivation.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are capable of progenitor cell fraction renewal or tissue-specific differentiation. These properties are maintained during in vitro cultivation, making them an interesting model system for testing biological and pharmacological compounds. Cell cultivation in 2D is commonly used to study cellular responses, but the 2D environment does not reflect the structural situation of most cell types.

Identification of molecular candidates which regulate calcium-dependent CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity.

Cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTL) eliminate infected cells or transformed tumor cells by releasing perforin-containing cytotoxic granules at the immunological synapse. The secretion of such granules depends on Ca-influx through store operated Ca channels, formed by STIM (stromal interaction molecule)-activated Orai proteins. Whereas molecular mechanisms of the secretion machinery are well understood, much less is known about the molecular machinery that regulates the efficiency of Ca-dependent target cell killing.

Altered limbic functional connectivity in individuals with subjective cognitive decline: Converging and diverging findings across Chinese and German cohorts.

Introduction: It remains unclear whether functional brain networks are consistently altered in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds and whether the network alterations are associated with an amyloid burden.

Methods: Cross-sectional resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity (FC) and amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) data from the Chinese Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline and German DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia cohorts were analyzed.

Results: Limbic FC, particularly hippocampal connectivity with right insula, was consistently higher in SCD than in controls, and correlated with SCD-plus features.

Impact of Pneumococcal and Viral Pneumonia on the Respiratory and Intestinal Tract Microbiomes of Mice.

With 2.56 million deaths worldwide annually, pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death. The most frequent causative pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus.

Red blood cells in proliferative kidney disease-rainbow trout () infected by harbor IgM red blood cells.

The myxozoan parasite is the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD)-a disease of salmonid fishes, notably of the commercially farmed rainbow trout . Both wild and farmed salmonids are threatened by this virulent/deadly disease, a chronic immunopathology characterized by massive lymphocyte proliferation and hyperplasia, which manifests as swollen kidneys in susceptible hosts. Studying the immune response towards the parasite helps us understand the causes and consequences of PKD.

The addition of arginine deiminase potentiates Mithramycin A-induced cell death in patient-derived glioblastoma cells via ATF4 and cytochrome C.

Background: Arginine auxotrophy constitutes a shortcoming for ~ 30% of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Indeed, arginine-depleting therapy using arginine deiminase from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpyADI) has proven activity against GBM in preclinical studies. The good safety profile of SpyADI renders this agent an ideal combination partner for cytostatic therapy.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt conservative treatment for recurrent ascites: A propensity score matched comparison.

Background: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement is an effective intervention for recurrent tense ascites. Some studies show an increased risk of acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) associated with TIPS placement. It is not clear whether ACLF in this context is a consequence of TIPS or of the pre-existing liver disease.

Long-term stimulation with alternating electric fields modulates the differentiation and mineralization of human pre-osteoblasts.

Biophysical stimulation by electric fields can promote bone formation in bone defects of critical size. Even though, long-term effects of alternating electric fields on the differentiation of osteoblasts are not fully understood. Human pre-osteoblasts were stimulated over 31 days to gain more information about these cellular processes.

Performance evaluation of electrode design and material for a large animal electrical impedance tomography belt.

Background: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) produces lung ventilation images via a thoracic electrode belt. Robust electrode design and material, providing low electrode skin contact impedance (SCI), is needed in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to compare three EIT electrode designs and materials.

DEGRO practical guideline for central nervous system radiation necrosis part 2: treatment.

Purpose: The Working Group for Neurooncology of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO; AG NRO) in cooperation with members of the Neurooncological Working Group of the German Cancer Society (DKG-NOA) aimed to define a practical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of radiation-induced necrosis (RN) of the central nervous system (CNS).

Methods: Panel members of the DEGRO working group invited experts, participated in a series of conferences, supplemented their clinical experience, performed a literature review, and formulated recommendations for medical treatment of RN, including bevacizumab, in clinical routine.

Conclusion: Diagnosis and treatment of RN requires multidisciplinary structures of care and defined processes.

DEGRO practical guideline for central nervous system radiation necrosis part 1: classification and a multistep approach for diagnosis.

Purpose: The Working Group for Neuro-Oncology of the German Society for Radiation Oncology in cooperation with members of the Neuro-Oncology Working Group of the German Cancer Society aimed to define a practical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of radiation-induced necrosis (RN) of the central nervous system (CNS).

Methods: Panel members of the DEGRO working group invited experts, participated in a series of conferences, supplemented their clinical experience, performed a literature review, and formulated recommendations for medical treatment of RN including bevacizumab in clinical routine.

Conclusion: Diagnosis and treatment of RN requires multidisciplinary structures of care and defined processes.

Real-time metabolic monitoring under exhaustive exercise and evaluation of ventilatory threshold by breathomics: Independent validation of evidence and advances.

Breath analysis was coupled with ergo-spirometry for non-invasive profiling of physio-metabolic status under exhaustive exercise. Real-time mass-spectrometry based continuous analysis of exhaled metabolites along with breath-resolved spirometry and heart rate monitoring were executed while 14 healthy adults performed ergometric ramp exercise protocol until exhaustion. Arterial blood lactate level was analyzed at defined time points.

Associated factors of potential drug-drug interactions and drug-food interactions in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated demyelinating disease in younger adults. Patients with MS (PwMS) are vulnerable to the presence of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) and potential drug-food interactions (pDFIs) as they take numerous medications to treat MS, associated symptoms and comorbidities. Knowledge about pDDIs and pDFIs can increase treatment success and reduce side effects.

A 2022 International Survey on the Status of Prostate Cancer Theranostics.

Growing interest in PSMA imaging using [Ga]- or [F]-labeled ligands and PSMA-based radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer (PCa) prompted us to survey the global community on their experiences and expectations. A web-based survey was composed to interrogate areas specific to PET imaging, the clinical value chain, and RLT applications. International responses were collected in early 2022.

Thoracic Electrical Impedance Tomography-The 2022 Veterinary Consensus Statement.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive real-time non-ionising imaging modality that has many applications. Since the first recorded use in 1978, the technology has become more widely used especially in human adult and neonatal critical care monitoring. Recently, there has been an increase in research on thoracic EIT in veterinary medicine.

Effects of the Interleukin-6 Receptor Blocker Sarilumab on Metabolic Activity and Differentiation Capacity of Primary Human Osteoblasts.

Interleukin (IL-) 6 is a key factor in the inflammatory processes of rheumatoid arthritis. Several biologic agents target the IL-6 signaling pathway, including sarilumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks the IL-6 receptor and inhibits IL-6-mediated cis- and trans-signaling. A careful analysis of the IL-6 signaling blockade should consider not only inflammatory processes but also the regenerative functions of IL-6.

Differential Cellular Balance of Olfactory and Vomeronasal Epithelia in a Transgenic BACHD Rat Model of Huntington's Disease.

For neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD), early diagnosis is essential to treat patients and delay symptoms. Impaired olfaction, as observed as an early symptom in Parkinson´s disease, may also constitute a key symptom in HD. However, there are few reports on olfactory deficits in HD.

Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized Horses.

Equine respiratory physiology might be influenced by the presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT). This experimental, randomized cross-over study aimed to compare breathing pattern (BrP) and ventilation distribution in anesthetized horses spontaneously breathing room air via ETT or facemask (MASK). Six healthy adult horses were anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA; xylazine, ketamine, guaiphenesin), breathing spontaneously in right lateral recumbency, and randomly assigned to ETT or MASK for 30 min, followed by the other treatment for an additional 30 min.

Treatment of an Infected TEVAR with Extra- and Endovascular Bacteriophage Application.

Introduction: Graft infections are severe complications. Surgical resection of infected aortic stent grafts is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Therefore, alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotic treatment and extensive surgery are urgently needed.

The Combination of Δ-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Suppresses Mitochondrial Respiration of Human Glioblastoma Cells via Downregulation of Specific Respiratory Chain Proteins.

Phytocannabinoids represent a promising approach in glioblastoma therapy. Previous work has shown that a combined treatment of glioblastoma cells with submaximal effective concentrations of psychoactive Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) greatly increases cell death. In the present work, the glioblastoma cell lines U251MG and U138MG were used to investigate whether the combination of THC and CBD in a 1:1 ratio is associated with a disruption of cellular energy metabolism, and whether this is caused by affecting mitochondrial respiration.

Non-Invasive O-Toluidine Monitoring during Regional Anaesthesia with Prilocaine and Detection of Accidental Intravenous Injection in an Animal Model.

Regional anaesthesia is well established as a standard method in clinical practice. Currently, the local anaesthetics of amino-amide types such as prilocaine are frequently used. Despite routine use, complications due to overdose or accidental intravenous injection can arise.

Naturally occurring stable calcium isotope ratios are a novel biomarker of bone calcium balance in chronic kidney disease.

Dysregulated calcium homeostasis is common in chronic kidney disease and causally associated with disorders of bone mineralization. However, radiological measures and biomarkers do not allow accurate evaluation of bone calcium balance. Non-radioactive calcium isotopes, Ca and Ca, are present in our diet and sequestered into body compartments following principles of kinetic isotope fractionation.

Preclinical Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Models for Combined Targeted Therapy Approaches.

This study aimed to refine combined targeted approaches on well-characterized, low-passage tumor models. Upon in vivo xenografting in immunodeficient mice, three cell lines from locally advanced or metastatic HNSCC were established. Following quality control and basic characterization, drug response was examined after therapy with 5-FU, Cisplatin, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (abemaciclib, THZ1).