Torsion-Induced Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (TITON): A physiologically relevant animal model of traumatic optic neuropathy.

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a common cause of irreversible blindness following head injury. TON is characterized by axon damage in the optic nerve followed by retinal ganglion cell death in the days and weeks following injury. At present, no therapeutic or surgical approach has been found to offer any benefit beyond observation alone.

Torsion-Induced Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (TITON): A Physiologically Relevant Animal Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy.

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a common cause of irreversible blindness following head injury. TON is characterized by axon damage in the optic nerve followed by retinal ganglion cell death in the days and weeks following injury. At present, no therapeutic or surgical approach has been found to offer any benefit beyond observation alone.

Improved Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease for Restasis Patients Following a Single Tearcare Treatment: Phase 2 of the SAHARA Study.

Purpose: To evaluate dry eye disease (DED) signs and symptoms six months after a single treatment with Localized Heat Therapy (LHT) (TearCare, Sight Sciences) for patients previously treated for six months with cyclosporine (0.05%) ophthalmic emulsion (CsA) BID (Restasis, Allergan).

Setting: Nineteen ophthalmic and optometric practices in 11 US states.

Conditional deletion of Zeb1 in Csf1r cells reduces inflammatory response of the cornea to alkali burn.

ZEB1 is an essential factor in embryonic development. In adults, it is often highly expressed in malignant tumors with low expression in normal tissues. The major biological function of ZEB1 in developing embryos and progressing cancers is to transdifferentiate cells from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype; but what roles ZEB1 plays in normal adult tissues are largely unknown.

Sex Hormones Influence the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch Effect.

Purpose: Saturated lights appear brighter than white lights of the same luminance. This is the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch (H-K) effect, and the phenomenon can be estimated by modeling achromatic luminance and saturation to total brightness. Current H-K effect models are different between women and men and are also more variable in women, which may be due to hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle (MC).

A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Tearcare and Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsion for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease (SAHARA).

Purpose: We compare outcomes in eyes with dry eye disease (DED) treated with TearCare (TC) or topical cyclosporine 0.05% (RESTASIS; CsA).

Setting: Nineteen ophthalmic and optometric practices in 11 US states.

Mouse Corneal Epithelial and Stromal Cell Isolation and Culture.

Corneal epithelium and stroma are the major cellular structures for ocular protection and vision accuracy; they play important roles in corneal wound healing and inflammation under pathological conditions. Unlike human, murine corneal and stromal fibroblast cells are difficult to isolate for cell culture. In our laboratory, we successfully used an ex vivo culture procedure and an enzymatic procedure to isolate, purify, and culture mouse corneal epithelial and stromal fibroblast cells.

Innovative techniques for developing an inclusive teaching environment.

The educational landscape is currently experiencing a growth in the diversity of the student population. Concomitantly, the scientific community continues to work toward increasing the diversity of its workforce while ensuring equity and inclusion for all. However, there is a pressing need for educators to promote these values and aspirations and embed them into their classrooms to continue to increase the diversity of the next generation of scientists.

Zeb1 facilitates corneal epithelial wound healing by maintaining corneal epithelial cell viability and mobility.

The cornea is the outmost ocular tissue and plays an important role in protecting the eye from environmental insults. Corneal epithelial wounding provokes pain and fear and contributes to the most ocular trauma emergency assessments worldwide. ZEB1 is an essential transcription factor in development; but its roles in adult tissues are not clear.

A new method to quantify the human visual threshold from melanopsin sensitive ganglion cells.

Traditional photoreceptors utilize the chromophore retinal to absorb light coupled with a unique opsin protein to specify receptor spectral sensitivity. Light absorption triggers a cascade of events transducing light energy to neural signals beginning with graded potentials in receptors (rods and cones) and bipolar cells in outer and middle retina eventuating in action potentials at the inner retinal amacrine and ganglion cell levels. Unlike traditional photoreceptors, ganglion cells in the inner retina (intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, ipRGCs) absorb short wavelength, blue light utilizing their photopigment melanopsin.

The Effects of Self-Efficacy and Physical Activity Improving Methods on the Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to study the impact of self-efficacy-improving strategies on physical activity-related glycemic control of diabetes.

Method: This systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA statement. ("Diabetes" OR "glycemic control") AND ("exercise" OR "physical activity") AND "self-efficacy" were searched as keywords in databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus between 2000 and 2019 for relesvant articles.

Effects of hydro-ethanolic extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic complications in rats.

The anti-diabetic effects of as a traditional remedy were investigated in diabetic rats. Thirty-five male rats were divided into five groups: control, diabetic, diabetic treated with metformin (300 mg kg; D+Met), diabetic treated with 250 and 500 mg kg of hydro-ethanolic extract (D+Rib250 and D+Rib500). After six weeks of treatment, sera of overnight fasted animals were collected and used for measurement of glucose, insulin, lipid profile, urea, creatinine, and hepatic enzymes levels.

Comprehensive overview of IRVAN syndrome: a structured review of Case Reports and Case Series.

Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome is a rare spectrum of retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis affecting young individuals in their third decade. Most of our current knowledge is based on case reports, case series, and a handful of collaborative studies. There is much diversity in treatment approaches and outcomes in the reported literature.

Safety, efficacy, and timing of Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture after nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy for glaucoma: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser goniopuncture is an adjuvant procedure for nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy. We investigated optimal laser goniopuncture timing and the effect of laser iridoplasty on success rates.

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study compared intraocular pressure control in patients with early versus late laser goniopuncture after nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy and evaluated the effects of laser iridoplasty pretreatment.

The Effects of Sex, Oral Contraception, and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Intraocular Pressure, Central Corneal Thickness, and Foveal Thickness: A Descriptive Analysis.

The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effects of sex, oral contraceptive (OC) use, and menstrual cycle phase on common ocular parameters assessed during ophthalmic evaluations, namely intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and foveal thickness (FT), in young healthy adults. We measured IOP, CCT, and FT in 60 participants (16 men, 16 contraceptive users, and 28 cycling women) over two sessions that characterized the menstrual cycle phase in women. For men in our study, two sessions were separated by two weeks.

Hue discrimination in jewellery appraisers exceeds normal performance.

Purpose: The FM-100 Hue test is used for vocational purposes where hue discrimination is of the upmost importance, such as in jewellery appraisals where small errors in hue discrimination can lead to significant differences in gemstone valuation. The purpose of this study was to determine if the cone contrast test (CCT) could predict performance on the FM-100 Hue, providing a potential alternative test for screening of jewellery appraisers.

Methods: Members of the National Association of Jewelry Appraisers (NAJA; n = 18, ages 34 to 76 years) requiring colour vision certification with the FM-100 Hue were invited to participate in a study to assess performance on the Ishihara test, FM-100 Hue, Lanthony Desaturated D-15 and the CCT.

2017 National Optometry Workforce Survey.

Significance: Planning for the effective delivery of eye care, on all levels, depends on an accurate and detailed knowledge of the optometric workforce and an understanding of demographic/behavioral trends to meet future needs of the public.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to assess the current and future supply of doctors of optometry and to examine in-depth trends related to (1) demographic shifts, (2) sex-based differences, (3) differences in practice behaviors in between self-employed and employed optometrists, and (4) the concept of additional capacity within the profession.

Methods: The 2017 National Optometry Workforce Survey (31 items) was distributed to 4050 optometrists, randomly sampled from a population of 45,033 currently licensed and practicing optometrists listed in the American Optometric Association's Optometry Master Data File.