Association Between Video-Based Telemedicine Visits and Medication Adherence Among Patients With Heart Failure: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Despite the exponential growth in telemedicine visits in clinical practice due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains unknown if telemedicine visits achieved similar adherence to prescribed medications as in-person office visits for patients with heart failure.

Objective: Our study examined the association between telemedicine visits (vs in-person visits) and medication adherence in patients with heart failure.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of adult patients with a diagnosis of heart failure or an ejection fraction of ≤40% using data between April 1 and October 1, 2020.

Concordance Between DASH Diet and Coronary Artery Calcification: Results From the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: South Asian adults are at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, for which coronary artery calcification is an early predictor. Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet is a modifiable risk factor that may mitigate the progression of coronary artery calcification and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Methods: Using data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America cohort, the authors calculated a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary score (categorized as low, moderate, and high) to examine the associations of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet adherence with coronary artery calcification after a 5-year follow up.

Military spouse and key stakeholder perspectives of effective messaging for US service members on secure storage of personal firearms: a qualitative study.

Background: Secure firearm storage is a proposed method for reducing intentional and unintentional firearm injury and death among US military service members. However, little is known about suggested key messengers and optimal message content to promote secure firearm storage practices among at-risk US service members. This qualitative study focused on military spouse and stakeholder perspectives concerning key messengers and message content for the delivery of effective messaging around promoting secure firearm storage practices among US service members.

Measurement Practice of Slow Gait Speed for Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Individuals with motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome have a high dementia risk. However, a knowledge gap exists in the measurement procedure for slow gait speed, which is a crucial component of MCR diagnosis. The study aimed to systematically review slow gait speed measurement practices in MCR diagnosis to identify critical constructs in gait speed measurement procedure.

Cocreating First Steps, a Toolkit to Improve Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: Qualitative Human-Centered Design Study With Hispanic and Black Adolescent Mothers in New York City.

Background: Adolescent voices are frequently excluded from sexual and reproductive health (SRH) research. Despite progressive policies and access to SRH care, adolescents in New York City who live in neighborhoods with high poverty and those who identify as Black or Hispanic experience poor SRH outcomes, including high rates of unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.

Objective: This qualitative study aims to guide Black and Hispanic adolescent mothers in identifying problem areas in SRH care and cocreate health service recommendations with input from health care stakeholders to address those problems and improve SRH experiences.

Psychological distress in Asian American informal caregivers: an analysis by disaggregated ethnic groups.

Background: Despite Asians being the fastest-growing ethnic group in the US, most studies have focused on Asian Americans as an aggregate racial/ethnic group. The burden of mental health problems is increasing among caregivers due to population aging, yet little is known about the distress experienced by Asian caregivers when examined by disaggregated ethnic groups.

Methods: Using 2019-2020 California Health Interview Survey data, we examined disparities in psychological well-beings between non-Hispanic White and Asian American adult caregivers, with an emphasis on understudied Asian ethnic groups.

Age at diagnosis of diabetes, obesity, and the risk of dementia among adult patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: While Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is increasing among younger individuals, few studies have examined how age at T2DM diagnosis relates to dementia risk in diabetic populations. We aimed to investigate the association between age at T2DM diagnosis and subsequent dementia risk, and to determine whether obesity moderates this relationship.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Health and Retirement Study (2002-2016) matched with its 2003 Diabetes Mail-Out Survey.

Oral health inequities over time among older adults of different racial/ethnic backgrounds: a comparative decomposition analysis across Australia and the United States.

Background: Although the prevalence of poor oral health among older populations in Australia and the United States is higher, the contribution of ethnicity status is unknown. We aimed to estimate the contribution of social inequalities in oral health among older populations in Australia and the United States.

Methods: Cross-sectional study design using data from Australia's National Survey of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH 2004-06 and 2017-18) and the United States' National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003-04 and 2011-16).

"What Matters" in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Analysis of Older Adults' Concerns and Desired Outcomes.

Objective: To describe "What Matters" to older adults seeking emergency department (ED) care and to identify patient characteristics associated with meeting desired outcomes.

Background: As part of the 4Ms framework, identifying "What Matters" has been captured across healthcare settings, yet limited attention has been directed to older adults in the ED.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study.

Relationship Between Primary Caregiving Type and a Peaceful End-Of-Life Experience Among Older Adults in China.

Few studies have compared pain management provided by informal and formal caregivers of older adults in China at the end of life. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the association between formal and informal care and painfulness at the end of life among older adults in China. Specifically, the study focuses on the influence of various types of informal care.

Estimated prevalence of multiple chronic conditions throughout adulthood using data from the Research Program.

Estimation of multiple chronic condition (MCC) prevalence throughout adulthood provides a critical reflection of MCC burden. We analyzed electronic health record codes for 58 conditions to estimate MCC prevalence for () Research Program adult participants (N=242,828). Approximately 76% of participants were diagnosed with MCCs, with over 40% having 6 or more conditions and prevalence increasing with age; the most frequently occurring MCC combinations varied by age category (i.

Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with CPAP improves daytime sleepiness and fatigue in cancer patients.

Background: Fatigue and sleep disorders are prevalent in cancer patients. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) commonly causes excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and fatigue. We hypothesize that treating cancer patients with OSA using positive airway pressure (PAP) will improve EDS and fatigue.

The association between the mental health disorders, substance abuse, and tobacco use with head & neck cancer stage at diagnosis.

Purpose: Mental health disorders, substance abuse, and tobacco use are prevalent in the US population. However, the association between these conditions and head and neck cancer (HNC) stage is poorly understood. This research aims to uncover the relationship between pre-existing mental health disorders, substance abuse, and tobacco use and HNC stage at diagnosis in patients receiving care in an integrated, public safety-net healthcare system.

Racial Disparity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Care and its Impact on Cardiovascular Health.

Purpose Of Review: Racial disparities in sleep health as well as the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders have emerged as a key driver of cardiovascular outcomes. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is characterized by repeated airway obstructions during sleep and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. While racial and ethnic minorities have disproportionately high OSA prevalence rates, diagnosis rates remain low.

Associations Between Nursing Students' Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes and Participation in Experiential Learning on Care for People With Disabilities.

Background: Experiential learning activities on care for people with disabilities (PWD) would help nursing students develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) needed to provide quality care for PWD.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceived changes in nursing students' KSAs related to the care for PWD following participation in health assessment and prevention (HAP) experiential learning activities.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental, pre- and posttest educational intervention study.

"Who You Are and Where You Live Matters": Hospice Care in New York City During COVID-19 Perspectives on Hospice and Social Determinants: A Rapid Qualitative Analysis.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) impacted the quality of home hospice care provided during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perspectives from professionals who provided care identify challenges and lessons learned from their experience. To examine hospice professionals' perspectives of how SDOH affected the delivery of high-quality home hospice care in New York City (NYC) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Role function in postmenopausal women during aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer.

Objective: Few studies have examined aromatase inhibitor therapy relating to role function in breast cancer survivors of working age. Our study sought to identify how pre-therapy sociodemographic and health/treatment-related characteristics, as well as patient-reported symptoms measured every six-months, influence role function during 18 months of AI therapy for early-stage breast cancer.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of longitudinal study data using linear mixed-effects modeling to examine role physical (RP) and role emotional (RE) functioning measured with the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 v2.

Defining and Validating Criteria to Identify Populations Who May Benefit From Home-Based Primary Care.

Background: Home-based primary care (HBPC) is an important care delivery model for high-need older adults. Currently, target patient populations vary across HBPC programs, hindering expansion and large-scale evaluation.

Objectives: Develop and validate criteria that identify appropriate HBPC target populations.