HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members.

Increasing evidence indicates that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are important to human health and are an underexplored component of many diseases. Certain HERV families show unique expression patterns and immune responses in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting their potential as biomarkers. Despite these interesting findings, the role of HERVs in ASD needs to be further investigated.

Interface Acoustic Waves in 128° YX-LiNbO/SU-8/Overcoat Structures.

The propagation of interface acoustic waves (IAWs) in 128° YX-LiNbO/SU-8/overcoat structures was theoretically studied and experimentally investigated for different types of overcoat materials and thicknesses of the SU-8 adhesive layer. Three-dimensional finite element method analysis was performed using Comsol Multiphysics software to design an optimized multilayer configuration able to achieve an efficient guiding effect of the IAW at the LiNbO/overcoat interface. Numerical analysis results showed the following: (i) an overcoat faster than the piezoelectric half-space ensures that the wave propagation is confined mainly close to the surface of the LiNbO, although with minimal scattering in the overcoat; (ii) the presence of the SU-8, in addition to performing the essential function of an adhesive layer, can also promote the trapping of the acoustic energy toward the surface of the piezoelectric substrate; and (iii) the electromechanical coupling efficiency of the IAW is very close to that of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) along the bare LiNbO half-space.

Genomic Rewilding of Domestic Animals: The Role of Hybridization and Selection in Wolfdog Breeds.

: The domestication of the grey wolf () and subsequent creation of modern dog breeds have significantly shaped the genetic landscape of domestic canines. This study investigates the genomic effects of hybridization and breeding management practices in two hybrid wolfdog breeds: the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog (CSW) and the Saarloos Wolfdog (SAW). : We analyzed the genomes of 46 CSWs and 20 SAWs, comparing them to 12 German Shepherds (GSHs) and 20 wolves (WLFs), which served as their ancestral populations approximately 70-90 years ago.

AI-Powered Neurogenetics: Supporting Patient's Evaluation with Chatbot.

Background/objectives: Artificial intelligence and large language models like ChatGPT and Google's Gemini are promising tools with remarkable potential to assist healthcare professionals. This study explores ChatGPT and Gemini's potential utility in assisting clinicians during the first evaluation of patients with suspected neurogenetic disorders.

Methods: By analyzing the model's performance in identifying relevant clinical features, suggesting differential diagnoses, and providing insights into possible genetic testing, this research seeks to determine whether these AI tools could serve as a valuable adjunct in neurogenetic assessments.

A New Antibody-Cytokine Construct Targeting Natural Killer Cells: An Immunotherapeutic Approach to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), natural killer (NK) cells show a dysfunctional phenotype that correlates with disease progression. Our aim was to restore NK cell functionality in CLL through a specifically targeted IL15-stimulating activity; IL15 targeting could, in fact, potentiate the activity of NK cells and reduce off-target effects. We designed and developed a cis-acting immunocytokine composed of an anti-CD56 single-chain Fragment variable (scFv) and IL15, labeled scFvB1IL15.

Proteostasis Decline and Redox Imbalance in Age-Related Diseases: The Therapeutic Potential of NRF2.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of cellular homeostasis, overseeing the expression of a wide array of genes involved in cytoprotective processes such as antioxidant and proteostasis control, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and the metabolism of lipids and glucose. The accumulation of misfolded proteins triggers the release, stabilization, and nuclear translocation of NRF2, which in turn enhances the expression of critical components of both the proteasomal and lysosomal degradation pathways. This process facilitates the clearance of toxic protein aggregates, thereby actively maintaining cellular proteostasis.

The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease.

Background/objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons leading to debilitating motor and non-motor symptoms. Beyond its well-known neurological features, emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut-brain axis and gastrointestinal microbiota in PD pathogenesis. Dysbiosis has been strongly linked to PD and is associated with increased intestinal permeability, chronic inflammation, and the production of neurotoxic metabolites that may exacerbate neuronal damage.

Effect of Essential Oil on Model Lipid Membranes.

essential oil is a natural substance able to inhibit the growth of several pathogens. This antimicrobial effect is often attributed to its ability to penetrate cellular structures and disrupt them. Although these properties are recognized as playing a key role in the mechanism of action of this substance, many unresolved issues still exist, and fundamental studies focused on such aspects are scarce.

Sources and Transmission Routes of Carbapenem-Resistant : Study Design and Methodology of the SAMPAN Study.

: The global spread of carbapenem-resistant (CRPA) warrants collaborative action. Guidance should come from integrated One Health surveillance; however, a surveillance strategy is currently unavailable due to insufficient knowledge on the sources and transmission routes of CRPA. The aim of the SAMPAN study ("A Smart Surveillance Strategy for Carbapenem-resistant ") is to develop a globally applicable surveillance strategy.

Using Dalbavancin for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSIs) in Obese Patients: A Real-Life, Single-Center Observational Study.

: Obesity is an established risk factor for several infective conditions, including Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSIs), with a rising trend in their incidence expected in this population. Although numerous antibiotics are available for the prevention and treatment of ABSSSIs, their characterization in obese patients is not a regulatory mandate, highlighting a knowledge gap in this field. Dalbavancin (DAL) is the first approved long-acting antibiotic for the treatment of ABSSSIs.

Safety and Effectiveness of BPaL-Based Regimens to Treat Multidrug-Resistant TB: First Experience of an Italian Tuberculosis Referral Hospital.

: Tuberculosis (TB) is preventable and curable, but multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) pose significant challenges worldwide due to the limited treatment options, lengths of therapies, and high rates of treatment failure. The management of MDR-TB has been revolutionized by all oral anti-TB drug regimens that are likely to improve adherence and treatment outcomes. These regimes include bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (P), and linezolid (L) (BPaL), and moxifloxacin if resistance to fluoroquinolones is not detected (BPaLM).

Current Enzooticity of and in Central and Southern Italy.

and are major parasitic nematodes of dogs. Many environmental and phenological changes have recently modified their geographic patterns in many countries; thus, this study has updated the distribution of and in dog populations of selected regions of Central and Southern Italy. Also, collateral data on other endoparasites affecting the study population have been collected.

Resection and Reconstruction for Lung and Airway Tumors Invading the Carina.

Tumors located at the tracheal bifurcation constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms whose treatment poses significant challenges due to their anatomical location, the requirement for radical resection, the need to restore local anatomy, and the necessity of maintaining adequate oxygenation throughout the entire procedure. Advances in airway reconstruction surgical techniques, anesthesia, and complementary therapies have progressively expanded indications for radical treatment of these neoplasms, resulting in significant improvements in both short- and long-term outcomes in recent years.

Predictive Factors for the Discontinuation of Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy: Enhancing Patient Selection to Improve Oncological Outcomes-A Single-Center Experience.

: Since 2011, Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) has emerged as a promising treatment option for patients with peritoneal surface malignancies (PSM) who are not eligible for cytoreductive surgery (CRS). Repeated minimal-invasive treatment is one of the key features and the current empirical standard treatment (ST) consists of at least three administrations over about three months. However, many patients are unable to complete the full course, limiting the potential benefits of PIPAC.

The Rare Entity of Basaloid Thymic Carcinoma: A Multicentric Retrospective Analysis from the Italian Collaborative Group for ThYmic MalignanciEs (TYME).

Background: thymic basaloid carcinoma (BTC) is an extremely rare tumor, and very little data are available on BTC's biology, clinical behavior, drug sensitivity, and patient outcomes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study on patients diagnosed with BTC in 11 referral centers of TYME. All BTC diagnoses were reviewed by the referring pathologist.

Management of Patients with Vulvar Cancers: A Systematic Comparison of International Guidelines (NCCN-ASCO-ESGO-BGCS-IGCS-FIGO-French Guidelines-RCOG).

Background: Vulvar carcinoma is an uncommon gynecological tumor primarily affecting older women. Its treatment significantly impacts the quality of life and, not least, aesthetics because of the mutilating surgery it requires.

Objectives: The management requires a multidisciplinary team of specialists who know how to care for the patient in her entirety, not neglecting psychological aspects and reconstructive surgery.

Current Evidence on the Relation Between Microbiota and Oral Cancer-The Role of -A Narrative Review.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one the most prevalent head and neck cancers and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main established risk factors for OSCC include tobacco and alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing, which may contribute alone or in combination with other environmental factors to carcinogenesis. The oral microbiota is emerging as a key player in the establishment of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that may trigger or promote carcinogenesis, including in the oral cavity.

Deciphering the Link Between Diagnosis-Related Group Weight and Nursing Care Complexity in Hospitalized Children: An Observational Study.

Background/objectives: The increasing medical and nursing care complexity in hospitalized children represents a significant challenge for healthcare systems. However, the link between these two dimensions remains partially explored. This study aims to decipher the relationship between Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) weight and nursing care complexity in hospitalized children and to identify the determinants of medical complexity.

Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Youths Living in Rural and Semi-Urban Albania in the Ongoing Nutrition Transition: Preliminary Results.

Background: Albania is undergoing a demographic, epidemiological, and nutrition transition leading to an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among new generations. Comprehensive studies on the nutritional status and dietary patterns of youths in the country are still lacking.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of students (10-18 years) attending secondary schools in rural and semi-urban areas (October-November 2024).

Specific Physical Performances of Young Male Basketball Players in Palestine: An Assessment by Maturity Status.

Objectives: There is a lack of studies that investigate the relationship between anthropometric profiles, biological maturity, and specific physical performances in young male basketball players. This study aimed to evaluate the development of anthropometric characteristics and physical performance across different age and maturity groups among male basketball players in Palestine, as well as to identify the anthropometric factors influencing physical performance within this population.

Methods: A total of one-hundred-fifty male basketball players, aged 12 to 16, participated in this study.

Adolescents with Persistent Symptoms Following Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Long-COVID): Symptom Profile, Clustering and Follow-Up Symptom Evaluation.

Background: Few studies have evaluated long-COVID in adolescents.

Methods: Cohort study. Demographics, clinical data, and the presence of 30 symptoms were collected with a modified WHO form.

Disclosing the Complexities of Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Neurodevelopmental disorders represent an important and complex area of pediatric medicine, including a wide range of conditions affecting brain and nervous system functioning during development [...

Evaluation of the Early Development of 6-Month-Old Babies in the Case of Maternal Postpartum Depression with or Without Bipolar Disorder.

Background: The first year of life is the period of greatest brain plasticity. Postpartum depression can adversely affect the first interactions with the child and, consequently, their emotional, social, and cognitive development.

Objectives: First, to describe the developmental profile of six-month-old infants of mothers suffering from severe postpartum depression, and, second, to compare the development of infants whose mothers suffer from depression with or without bipolar disorder.

Oral Hygiene in Children with Autism: Teaching Self-Toothbrushing via Behavioural Intervention Including Parents.

Background/objectives: Children on the autism spectrum experience more oral hygiene issues than peers, and tooth-brushing behavior seems particularly challenging for them since it includes diverse skills and collaboration. In this study, the efficacy is explored of a behavioral intervention mediated by staff and parents in teaching self-brushing teeth in eight autistic children. First, we wanted to examine whether the intervention improved self-brushing teeth skills in a short-term period.

GH Therapy in Non-Growth Hormone-Deficient Children.

Before 1985, growth hormone (GH) was extracted from human pituitaries, and its therapeutic use was limited to children with severe GH deficiency (GHD). The availability of an unlimited amount of recombinant GH (rhGH) allowed for investigating the efficacy of its therapeutic use in a number of conditions other than GHD. Nowadays, patients with Turner syndrome, deficiency, Noonan syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, idiopathic short stature, chronic kidney disease, and children born small for gestational age can be treated with rhGH in order to improve adult height.