Phenotypic and Genotypic Profiles of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Multidrug-Resistant in Northeastern Thailand.

The global emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing presents a significant public health threat and complicates antibiotic treatment for infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing in a clinical setting, analyze their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and characterize both phenotypic and genetic determinants. A total of 507 non-duplicate clinical isolates of were collected between 2019 and 2020, and third-generation cephalosporin resistance was screened by disk diffusion.

High prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli phylogroup B2 clinical isolates in northeastern Thailand.

Background: Production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is a common resistance mechanism in Enterobacteriaceae, leading to serious hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to assess phenotypic, phylogenetic, and antibiotic resistance patterns among ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates recovered from two rural tertiary hospitals in Thailand.

Results: Among 467 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, E.

Artificial intelligence for ultrasonographic detection and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.

The effectiveness of ultrasonography (USG) in liver cancer screening is partly constrained by the operator's expertise. We aimed to develop and evaluate an AI-assisted system for detecting and classifying focal liver lesions (FLLs) from USG images. This retrospective study incorporated 26,288 USG images from 5444 patients to train YOLOv5 model for FLLs detection and classification of seven different types of FLLs, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), focal fatty infiltration, focal fatty sparing (FFS), cyst, hemangioma, and regenerative nodules.

Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Retinal Vascular Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Previous studies found seasonal variations in the incidence of retinal vascular occlusion (RVO), with more occurrence in winter. There is increasing evidence linking vitamin D deficiency and RVO. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and RVO.

Statin Use and Reduced Risk of Pneumonia in Patients with Melioidosis: A Lung-Specific Statin Association.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) use is associated with a lower risk of incident pneumonia and, less robustly, with nonpulmonary infections. Whether statin use is associated with a lower risk of pneumonia than other clinical presentations of infection with the same pathogen is unknown. To assess whether preadmission statin use is associated with a lower risk of pneumonia than nonpneumonia presentations among patients hospitalized with infection (melioidosis).

High glucose enhances the aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma via activating epidermal growth factor receptor/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways.

Epidemiological studies revealed hyperglycemia as a poor prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma with unclear molecular mechanisms. The present study thus aimed to investigate the effects of high glucose on the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and its underlying mechanisms. Lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, A549 and RERF-LC-KJ, were cultured in 5.

Characteristics and One Year Outcomes of Melioidosis Patients in Northeastern Thailand: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Melioidosis is a neglected tropical infection caused by the environmental saprophyte .

Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study at nine hospitals in northeastern Thailand, a hyperendemic melioidosis zone, to define current characteristics of melioidosis patients and quantify outcomes over one year.

Findings: 2574 individuals hospitalised with culture-confirmed melioidosis were screened and 1352 patients were analysed.

Early as compared to late initiation of twice-weekly hemodialysis and short-term survival among end-stage renal disease patients.

Introduction: The impact of timing of hemodialysis (HD) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated with twice-weekly HD remains unclear. We aimed to determine the effects of late initiation of HD on short-term mortality and hospitalization.

Methods: A multicenter cohort study was conducted in 11 HD centers in Northeastern Thailand (HEmodialysis Network of the NorthEastern Thailand study group).

Effect of Number and Location on Stress Distribution of Mini Dental Implant-Assisted Mandibular Kennedy Class I Removable Partial Denture: Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis.

Purpose: To investigate effects of number and location on patterns of von Mises stress distribution and volume average stress on abutment tooth, edentulous ridge, mini dental implant, and surrounding bone of mini dental implant-assisted mandibular Kennedy class I removable partial denture.

Materials And Methods: Eight three-dimensional finite element models of mandibular Kennedy class I with different numbers and locations of mini dental implants were constructed. Mini dental implants were generated in the area of second premolar, first molar, and second molar, respectively.

A comparison of surgical site infections in children after stoma reversal between purse-string and linear closure.

Background: To reduce the surgical site infections (SSI), the purse-string closure technique has been widely performed and has also been recommended in adult stoma reversal. However, for children, some debate still exists. This study aims to compare the SSI rates in children between the purse-string and the linear for the skin closure of stoma reversal.

Antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates in northeast Thailand during 2015-2018 and the genomic characterization of β-lactam-resistant isolates.

Melioidosis is an often fatal infection in tropical regions caused by an environmental bacterium, Current recommended melioidosis treatment requires intravenous β-lactam antibiotics such as ceftazidime (CAZ), meropenem (MEM) or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) and oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Emerging antibiotic resistance could lead to therapy failure and high mortality. We performed a prospective multicentre study in northeast Thailand during 2015-2018 to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility and characterize β-lactam resistance in clinical isolates.

Genomic Characterization of Clinical Extensively Drug-Resistant Isolates.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRAP) is a causative agent of nosocomial infections. This study aimed to characterize clinical isolates of CRAP from a tertiary hospital in Northeast Thailand. Six isolates were confirmed as extensively drug-resistant (XDRAP).

Blood transcriptomics to characterize key biological pathways and identify biomarkers for predicting mortality in melioidosis.

Melioidosis is an often lethal tropical disease caused by the Gram-negative bacillus, . The study objective was to characterize transcriptomes in melioidosis patients and identify genes associated with outcome. Whole blood RNA-seq was performed in a discovery set of 29 melioidosis patients and 3 healthy controls.

ERCP plus endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for malignant hilar biliary obstruction: a multicenter observational open-label study.

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may not provide complete biliary drainage in patients with Bismuth III/IV malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). Complete biliary drainage is accomplished by adding percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). We prospectively compared recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) rates between combined ERCP and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) vs.

Factors associated with completion of childhood immunization in Malawi: a multilevel analysis of the 2015-16 Malawi demographic and health survey.

Background: Between 2010 and 2015, the percentage of children 12-23 months of age who received full immunization in Malawi decreased from 81% to 76%, prompting us to investigate the factors associated with completion of childhood immunization in Malawi.

Methods: Using data from the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey, generalized linear mixed models were applied on 3145 children 12-23 months of age nested within 850 communities. Complete immunization was defined as the child having received a Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, three doses of pentavalent vaccine, four doses of oral polio vaccine, three doses of pneumococcal vaccine, two doses of rotavirus vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine before their first birthday.

Predictors of uptake of newly introduced vaccines in Malawi - monovalent human rotavirus and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: Evidence from the 2015-16 Malawi demographic and health survey.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the uptake and predictors of monovalent human rotavirus and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines among children of age 12-35 months in Malawi.

Methods: This study used cross-sectional data obtained from the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors related to uptake of pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccination.

The XRCC 1 DNA repair gene modifies the environmental risk of stomach cancer: a hospital-based matched case-control study.

Background: Previous studies have found that polymorphisms of the DNA repair gene X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1(XRCC1) and environmental factors are both associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer, but no study has reported on the potential additive effect of these factors among Thai people. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the risk of stomach cancer from XRCC1 gene polymorphisms was modified by environmental factors in the Thai population.

Methods: Hospital-based matched case-control study data were collected from 101 new stomach cancer cases and 202 controls, which were recruited from2002 to 2006 and were matched for gender and age.

Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis Due to Melioidosis: A Potentially Devastating Condition.

♦ BACKGROUND: Melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by , is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Although a wide range of clinical manifestations from this organism are known, peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) has rarely been reported. ♦ PATIENTS AND METHODS: Peritoneal dialysis patients from all regions in Thailand were eligible for the study if they had peritonitis and either peritoneal fluid or effluent culture positive for .

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Oral Pre-Malignant Lesions in Northeast Thailand.

Background: Oral cavity cancer (OCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. No studies have reported on the prevalence and epidemiologic risk factors of oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) in Thailand. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of OPLs and associated factors in Roi Et Province, Thailand.