Social Media in Dermatology and an Overview of Popular Social Media Platforms.

Purpose Of Review: Social media provides an accessible and increasingly popular avenue for sharing healthcare information, networking, and outreach in dermatology. We provide an overview of prominent social media platforms, also known as applications or apps, as well as a discussion of their influence and implications for the field.

Recent Findings: The various collaborative features of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, Snapchat, and other emerging platforms have proven appealing to organizations and users seeking dermatology-related content and medical advice.

Bochdalek Hernia in an Adult Causing Intraoperative Complication.

Bochdalek hernias are rarely diagnosed in adults and account for 0.17-6% of all diaphragmatic hernias. It is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia caused by a defect in the posterior attachment of the diaphragm due to a failure of the pleuroperitoneal membrane closure in utero.

Fusion versus fixation in complex comminuted C3-type tibial pilon fractures: a systematic review.

Background: Comminuted intra-articular tibial pilon fractures can be challenging to manage, with high revision rates and poor functional outcomes. This study reviewed [1] treatment, complications, and clinical outcomes in studies of complex comminuted tibial pilon fractures (type AO43-C3); and [2] primary ankle arthrodesis as a management option for these types of complex injuries.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed from 1990 to 2020 to determine complications and outcomes after staged fracture fixation and primary ankle joint arthrodesis for comminuted C3-type tibial pilon fractures.

Vascular and Endovascular Surgical Procedural Skills Training: Survey of Vascular Surgery Program Directors About Extracurricular Vascular Surgical Educational Courses for Vascular Trainees.

Background: Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the number of Vascular Surgery Educational Courses (VSEC) provided by academic institutions, regional and national vascular surgical societies, as well as industry partners. Each course has its own curriculum and how these curricula align with the modern needs of vascular surgery trainees are unclear. As such, there is a lack of unified content, syllabus, and trainee evaluations/feedback of these courses.

Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy in a Diabetic Patient After Rapid Overcorrection of Chronic Hyperglycemia.

The differential diagnosis for peripheral neuropathy of uncertain etiology is extensive, and the work-up presents a diagnostic challenge for the physician. Following initial clinical assessment, we recommend electrodiagnostic studies as the test of choice in the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy of unclear cause. Subsequent laboratory testing can then be better specified according to the results of the electrodiagnostic studies and clinical assessment.

The effects of hydraulic fracturing activities on birth outcomes are evident in a non-individualized county-wide aggregate data sample from Colorado.

Background: There is growing concern about the recent increase in oil and gas development using hydraulic fracturing. Studies linking adverse birth outcomes and maternal proximity to hydraulic fracturing wells exist but tend to use individualized maternal and infant data contained in protected health care records. In this study, we extended the findings of these past studies to evaluate if analogous effects detected with individualized data could be detected from non-individualized county-wide aggregated data.

Infection Responsive Smart Delivery of Antibiotics Using Recombinant Spider Silk Nanospheres.

Frequent and inappropriate usage of antibiotics has changed the natural evolution of bacteria by reducing susceptibility and increasing resistance towards antibacterial agents. New resistance mechanisms evolved in the response to host defenses and pharmaceutical interventions are threatening our ability to treat common infections, resulting in increased mortality. In the face of this rising epidemic, antibiotic drug discovery, which has long been overlooked by big pharma, is reaching a critical low.

Pediatric traumatic brain injury prehospital guidelines: a systematic review and appraisal.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disproportionately affects children within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Prehospital emergency care can mitigate secondary brain injury and improve outcomes. Here, we systematically review clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for pediatric TBI with the goal to inform LMICs prehospital care.

Interkingdom Comparison of Threonine Metabolism for Stem Cell Maintenance in Plants and Animals.

In multicellular organisms, tissue generation, maintenance, and homeostasis depend on stem cells. Cellular metabolic status is an essential component of different differentiated states, from stem to fully differentiated cells. Threonine (Thr) metabolism has emerged as a critical factor required to maintain pluripotent/multipotent stem cells in both plants and animals.

Global Health in Medical Education.

In this age of increased global connectivity, global health education is more important than ever. While numerous residency programs include global programs, less are offered during medical school. Many of these are during clinical years with little training prior to participating in an international externship.

Effect of Bidirectional Insertion of External Skeletal Fixation Pins on Axial Pullout Strength in Canine Cadaveric Bone.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bidirectional insertion on axial pullout strength of tapered run out (TRO), traditional negative profile (TNP) and positive profile (PP) pins.

Study Design:  Cadaveric adult canine tibiae were harvested. Tapered run out pins (Group 1) were inserted unidirectionally to the desired position; bidirectionally past the desired position, then withdrawn to the desired position (Group 2); and bidirectionally as described for Group 2, repeated twice (Group 3).

Reliability of performing ultrasound derived SWE and fat fraction in adult livers.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to test the reproducibility of performing conventional point shear wave elastography (pSWE), auto-pSWE, and ultrasound derived fat fraction (UDFF) in adult livers.

Methods: The Institutional Review Board approved the study and all participants provided written informed consent. Conventional pSWE (obtaining 10 measurements through 10 acquisitions), auto-pSWE (automatically obtaining 15 measurements by a single acquisition), and UDFF (one measurement obtained by one acquisition) of the liver were prospectively performed in 21 participants (10 men, 11 women, mean age 63y) by senior and junior operators in February-May 2021.

Social Media and Ethical Challenges for the Dermatologist.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of review is to provide guidance on the use of social media within the context of dermatology and discuss its ethical, professional, and legal implications in education, mentorship, networking, business, and clinical settings.

Recent Findings: Despite its fundamental value as a means of communication and knowledge sharing, social media carries legal, ethical, and professional challenges. Healthcare providers have run into issues such as misinformation, conflicts of interest, and overstepping patient-physician boundaries when using social media.

Intervention Stigma toward Medications for Opioid Use Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are evidence-based treatments, yet can be controversial among some populations. This study provides a systematic review of prejudice and discrimination toward MOUD, a form of "intervention stigma," or stigma associated with a particular medical treatment. A systematic search strategy was used in PsychInfo and PubMed to identify studies published between 1998 and 2018.

The History of Surfactants and Review of Their Allergic and Irritant Properties.

Surfactants, many of which are used as detergents, can be found in many common household items, such as shampoos, conditioners, soaps, and cosmetics. One should recognize the multitude of surfactants that are used in today's products to identify any potential allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) or irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Given their abundance in everyday products, it is understandable that many cases of occupational contact dermatitis that arise can be attributed to surfactants.

The Feasibility of Ultrasound-Guided Knee Arthrocentesis Training Using Formalin-Embalmed.

Background: The use of ultrasound guidance during knee arthrocentesis has proven to increase operator confidence and accuracy, particularly in novice healthcare providers. Realistic and practical means of teaching this procedure to medical trainees are needed. This study is intended to assess the feasibility and efficacy of using formalin-embalmed human cadavers in the instruction of ultrasound-guided knee arthrocentesis to medical trainees.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine in Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery.

Objective: We set out to evaluate whether the instillation of bupivacaine versus a saline solution into the peritoneal cavity at time of laparoscopic gynecologic surgery will reduce postoperative pain and postoperative opioid consumption.

Data Sources: We searched six databases: Web of Science, SCOPUS, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.Gov, MEDLINE and PubMed.

Interferon and Toll-Like Receptor 7 Response in COVID-19: Implications of Topical Imiquimod for Prophylaxis and Treatment.

Background: The innate immune system is recognized as an essential aspect of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in inducing antiviral response, triggering downstream production of interferons (IFNs). Certain loss-of-function variants in TLR7 are associated with increased COVID-19 disease severity, and imiquimod (ImiQ) is known to have immunomodulating effects as an agonist of TLR7.

The Human Gut Microbiota: A Key Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis.

An expanding body of research asserts that the gut microbiota has a role in bone metabolism and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. This review considers the human gut microbiota composition and its role in osteoclastogenesis and the bone healing process, specifically in the case of osteoporosis. Although the natural physiologic processes of bone healing and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and bone disease are now relatively well known, recent literature suggests that a healthy microbiome is tied to bone homeostasis.

Global Burden of Skin Disease Representation in the Literature: Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: The global burden of skin disease may be reduced through research efforts focused on skin diseases with the highest reported disability-adjusted life years.

Objective: This study evaluates the representation of dermatologic conditions comprising the highest disability-adjusted life years in dermatology literature to identify areas that could benefit from greater research focus.

Methods: The top 10 skin disorders according to their respective disability-adjusted life years as per the 2013 Global Burden of Disease were identified using previous studies.

Correction to: IAMSE Meeting Report: Student Plenary at the 24th Annual Conference of the International Association of Medical Science Educators.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-01087-9.].

Neurodevelopmental scaling is a major driver of brain-behavior differences in temperament across dog breeds.

Behavioral traits like aggression, anxiety, and trainability differ significantly across dog breeds and are highly heritable. However, the neural bases of these differences are unknown. Here we analyzed structural MRI scans of 62 dogs in relation to breed-average scores for the 14 major dimensions in the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire, a well-validated measure of canine temperament.

Sexual dimorphism in the size and shape of the non-obstetric pelvis across anthropoids.

Objectives: The presence of sexual dimorphism in the birth canals of anthropoid primates is well documented, and birth canal dimorphism tends to be especially robust among species that give birth to relatively large neonates. However, it is less clear whether birth canal dimorphism is accompanied by dimorphism in parts of the pelvis not directly under selection for birth, particularly including bi-iliac breadth, biactetabular breadth, lengths of the ischium and ilium, and 3D shape. This study investigates the patterns of dimorphism among anthropoid primates in those parts of the pelvis which do not directly contribute to the bony birth canal, here termed the non-obstetric pelvis.

Influence of Temperature and Photoperiod on the Fecundity of Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and on the Paralysis of Host Larvae, (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

Studies were carried out in the laboratory to understand the optimum environmental conditions at which the ectoparasitoid, Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), can paralyze and lay eggs when reared on the larvae of the stored product pest, Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). At the four temperatures investigated (20, 25, 30, and 35 °C), optimum temperatures for oviposition were found to be 25 and 30 °C, while 35 °C was the least favorable temperature. No significant differences were found between the percentages of diapausing and non-diapausing larvae paralyzed by the wasp at the temperatures of 20, 25, 30, 35 °C within 5 days.