Mitophagosomes induced during EV-D68 infection promote viral nonlytic release.

Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) is a plus-strand RNA virus that primarily causes infant respiratory infections. In rare pediatric cases, infection with EV-D68 has been associated with acute flaccid myelitis, a polio-like paralytic disease. We have previously demonstrated that EV-D68 induces nonselective autophagy for its benefit.

Extended Quality (eQual): Radial threshold clustering based on n-ary similarity.

We are transforming Radial Threshold Clustering (RTC), an algorithm, into Extended Quality Clustering, an algorithm with several novel features. Daura et al's RTC algorithm is a partitioning clustering algorithm that groups similar frames together based on their similarity to the seed configuration. Two current issues with RTC is that it scales as making it inefficient at high frame counts, and the clustering results are dependent on the order of the input frames.

The relationship between anticholinergic burden and frailty in the year preceding a diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies.

Introduction: Little is known regarding the relationship between anticholinergic medications and frailty in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Methods: Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB) and Claims-based Frailty Index scores were calculated for 12 months prior to the dementia diagnosis using electronic medical record and claims data. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between ACB and odds of frailty.

Plasma proteomics for novel biomarker discovery in childhood tuberculosis.

Failure to rapidly diagnose tuberculosis disease (TB) and initiate treatment is a driving factor of TB as a leading cause of death in children. Current TB diagnostic assays have poor performance in children, and identifying novel non-sputum-based TB biomarkers to improve pediatric TB diagnosis is a global priority. We sought to develop a plasma biosignature for TB by probing the plasma proteome of 511 children stratified by TB diagnostic classification and HIV status from sites in four low- and middle-income countries, using high-throughput data-independent acquisition mass-spectrometry (DIA-PASEF-MS).

Abo1 ATPase facilitates the dissociation of FACT from chromatin.

The histone chaperone FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription (FACT) is a heterodimeric complex consisting of Spt16 and Pob3, crucial for preserving nucleosome integrity during transcription and DNA replication. Loss of FACT leads to cryptic transcription and heterochromatin defects. FACT was shown to interact with Abo1, an AAA + family histone chaperone involved in nucleosome dynamics.

Cancer prognosis information-seeking among survivors and caregivers: findings from the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service.

Purpose: Receiving prognostic information is a well-documented need for cancer survivors and caregivers. However, little is known about these two groups' prognosis information-seeking outside of discussions with healthcare providers. This study examined survivors' and caregivers' prognosis-related inquiries using data from the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service (CIS).

Clinical trial knowledge, discussion, and participation among cancer survivors: A HINTS-SEER study.

Objectives: Clinical trial knowledge and discussions about clinical trials with healthcare providers contribute to clinical trial participation and clinical trial representation. This study explored 1) the association of patient-provider communication with clinical trial knowledge, 2) how patient-provider communication impacts the associations of demographic and clinical factors with clinical trial knowledge, and 3) motivations for clinical trial participation among people with a history of cancer.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the 2021 Health Information National Trends Survey-Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (HINTS-SEER) study included 1201 adult cancer survivors recruited from three SEER registries.

Designing a Time-Dependent Therapeutic Strategy using CDK4/6 Inhibitors in an Intracranial ATRT Model.

Background: Inhibitors targeting cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), crucial for cell cycle regulation, have shown promise in early-stage studies for treating central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, challenges such as limited CNS penetration, optimal treatment duration, and systemic side effects have impeded their clinical translation for pediatric brain tumors (PBTs).

Methods: We evaluated the potency of CDK4/6 inhibitors across various PBTs cell lines, focusing particularly on palbociclib against atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) with cell viability assays and gene expression analysis.

Influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalizations and emergency department or urgent care encounters for children, adolescents, and adults during the 2023-2024 season, United States.

Background: The 2023-2024 influenza season had predominant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus activity, but A(H3N2) and B viruses co-circulated. Seasonal influenza vaccine strains were well-matched to these viruses.

Methods: Using health care encounters data from health systems in 8 states, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated medical encounters from October 2023-April 2024.

Association between Locoregional Failure and NFE2L2/KEAP1/CUL3 Mutations in NRG/RTOG 9512: A Randomized Trial of Radiation Fractionation in T2N0 Glottic Cancer.

Purpose: NFE2L2/KEAP1/CUL3 mutations have been validated for radiation resistance in cell-based assays and animal models. However, clinical validation of these biomarkers has been challenging due to multimodality treatment regimens. This study aims to investigate the association between NFE2L2/KEAP1/CUL3 mutations and patient outcomes, including local failure (LF), locoregional failures (LRF), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), using samples from a phase III trial in which patients were treated with radiation monotherapy at 2 controlled doses.

Survey of Utilization of Weightbearing Computed Tomography Within AOFAS Membership.

Background: Weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) has been increasingly employed to evaluate and treat patients with varied pathologies such as progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD), posttraumatic deformity, hallux valgus, ankle arthritis, Charcot arthropathy, lisfranc, and syndesmosis injuries. However, little is known regarding its overall availability to foot and ankle providers and how it is being used in clinical practice. The goal of this study is to assess the utilization of WBCT among AOFAS members, identify the indications for use in clinical practice and potential barriers for implementation.

Safety and efficacy of the blood-stage malaria vaccine RH5.1/Matrix-M in Burkina Faso: interim results of a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2b trial in children.

Background: Two pre-erythrocytic vaccines (R21/Matrix-M and RTS,S/AS01) are now approved for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, neither induces blood-stage immunity against parasites that break through from the liver. RH5.

Lived Experience of Patients and Caregivers in Rare Genetic Neurological Gene Therapy Clinical Trials in Children.

To date, sparse attention has been paid to the importance of the "lived experience" of participants and their caregivers in pediatric gene therapy (GT) trials for rare genetic neurological disorders. Pediatric GT studies differ meaningfully from adult GT studies as the decision to participate involves a dyad: the child participant and their caregiver(s). As a multistakeholder group of authors, we are a diverse group with expert perspectives on the social, emotional, physical, and logistical burdens/benefits of trial participation and the myriad ways they affect pediatric GT research.

Human birth tissue products as a non-opioid medicine to inhibit post-surgical pain.

Pain after surgery causes significant suffering. Opioid analgesics cause severe side effects and accidental death. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop non-opioid therapies for managing post-surgical pain.

HVTN 123: A Phase 1, Randomized Trial Comparing Safety and Immunogenicity of CH505TF gp120 Produced by Stably and Transiently Transfected Cell Lines.

Utilizing transiently transfected cell lines could significantly reduce manufacturing timelines for protein subunit vaccines. This trial compared safety and immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope CH505TF gp120 vaccines produced by upstream stable and transient transfection (each admixed with GLA-SE adjuvant, a TL4 agonist). Both vaccines were safe and well tolerated.

Next generation sequencing-based MSI scoring predict benefit in mismatch repair deficient tumors treated with nivolumab: follow-up on NCI-MATCH arm Z1D.

Purpose: Mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) tumors have demonstrated favorable responses to immune checkpoint inhibition targeting PD-1. However, more in-depth identification of predictors of response could further refine patient selection for immunotherapy treatment.

Experimental Design: We undertook integrated evaluation performed on samples collected from 28 of 42 patients enrolled on the NCI-MATCH arm Z1D trial that evaluated PD-1 inhibition treatment with nivolumab in patients with non-colorectal dMMR tumors.

Increased frequency of germline pathogenic variants among individuals with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Purpose: To identify candidate susceptibility genes for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP).

Methods: All individuals with DFSP from the International Sarcoma Kindred Study ( = 3767 individuals with sarcoma diagnoses from Australia, Europe, New Zealand, and United States) and cohorts that were not ascertained based on sarcoma status or other phenotypes (Geisinger MyCode,  = 170,503 individuals, United States; UK Biobank,  = 469,789 individuals, United Kingdom) were evaluated for germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in 156 cancer genes.

Results: There were 92 unrelated individuals with DFSP across the 3 cohorts.

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and neutralisation activities of the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody PGT121.414.LS administered alone and in combination with VRC07-523LS in adults without HIV in the USA (HVTN 136/HPTN 092): a first-in-human, open-label, randomised controlled phase 1 trial.

Background: Multiple broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are in development for HIV-1 prevention. The aim of this trial was to test the PGT121.414.

Molecular epidemiology and clinical characterization of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter spp. from an international cohort.

Background: Despite the global public health threat posed by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter spp., clinical and molecular epidemiological studies on international isolates remain scarce. Historically, the taxonomy of Enterobacter has been challenging, limiting our understanding of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter spp.

Time-Restricted Eating and Cancer: Lessons Learned and Considerations for a Path Forward.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a type of intermittent fasting (IF). Food can be consumed as desired during the eating period, but not during the remainder of the day. Studies suggest that many of the health benefits of fasting may not simply be the result of weight loss, but also due to the body's responses to the fasting that lead to improved metabolic functioning.

Trends in Mental, Behavioral, and Developmental Disorders Among Children and Adolescents in the US, 2016-2021.

Introduction: Childhood mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders (MBDD) are common and are associated with poor health and well-being. Monitoring the prevalence of MBDDs among children and factors that may influence health outcomes is important to understanding risk and promoting population health.

Method: We examined trends in parent-reported lifetime MBDDs among children and associated health promotion and risk indicators from 2016 through 2021 by using data from the National Survey of Children's Health.

Evaluating the Use of Environmental and Polygenic Risk Scores to Inform Colorectal Cancer Risk-Based Surveillance Intervals.

Introduction: United States Multi-Society Task Force colonoscopy surveillance intervals are based solely on adenoma characteristics, without accounting for other risk factors. We investigated whether a risk model including demographic, environmental, and genetic risk factors could individualize surveillance intervals under an "equal management of equal risks" framework.

Methods: Using 14,069 individuals from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial who had a diagnostic colonoscopy following an abnormal flexible sigmoidoscopy, we modeled the risk of colorectal cancer, considering the diagnostic colonoscopy finding, baseline risk factors (e.

TissueGene-C induces anti-inflammatory activity and M2 macrophage polarization via activation of prostaglandin E signaling.

Background And Aim: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of degenerative joint disease that commonly affects the knees, hips and hands. OA is a mechano-inflammatory disease characterized by low-grade inflammation, which results in breakdown of the cartilage extracellular matrix within joints, leading to pain, stiffness and inflammation. TissueGene-C (TG-C) is a cell and gene therapy investigational drug for treating knee OA that comprises human allogeneic chondrocytes and an irradiated modified cell line stably expressing transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1).