Pediatric Predictive Artificial Intelligence Implemented in Clinical Practice from 2010-2021: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To review pediatric artificial intelligence (AI) implementation studies from 2010-2021 and analyze reported performance measures.

Methods: We searched PubMed/Medline, Embase CINHAL, Cochrane Library CENTRAL, IEEE and Web of Science with controlled vocabulary.

Inclusion Criteria: AI intervention in a pediatric clinical setting that learns from data (i.

The clinical assessment of lung involvement in patients with Still's disease, results from the multicentre international AIDA Network Still's Disease Registry.

Objectives: To assess the lung involvement in patients with Still's disease, an inflammatory disease assessing both children and adults. To exploit possible associated factors for parenchymal lung involvement in these patients.

Methods: A multicentre observational study was arranged assessing consecutive patients with Still's disease characterized by the lung involvement among those included in the AIDA (AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance) Network Still's Disease Registry.

A Multicenter ICET-A Survey on Adherence to Annual Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) Screening in Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia (TDT) Patients - The Expert Clinicians' Opinion on Factors Influencing the Adherence and on Alternative Strategies for Adherence Optimization.

Background: Current guidelines for screening glucose dysregulation (GD) in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) recommend an annual 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) starting at the age of 10 years.

Objective: Assessment of adherence to OGTT screening in patients with TDT.

Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 18 Thalassemia Centers in 10 different countries, targeting factors influencing adherence to annual OGTT screening in specialized multidisciplinary pediatric and adult TDT units and identifying strategies to improve adherence to OGTT in TDT patients.

Goals of Care Discussion Characteristics and Disparities in Children with Medical Complexity.

Objectives: Children with medical complexity (CMC) have disproportionately high healthcare utilization and mortality. Goals of care (GOC) discussions improve goal-concordance and subjective outcomes for CMC and their caregivers; however, little is known about the frequency or characteristics of GOC discussions in CMC. We sought to define GOC discussion frequency and attributes in CMC and identify patient characteristics that may influence GOC discussion occurrence.

Neural underpinnings of a two-phase memory suppression process in the neural response to self-related and observed perspective views.

Individuals often actively suppress intrusive memories to alleviate the distress they cause and maintain mental well-being. However, those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often exhibit difficulties particularly in inhibiting or suppressing negative memories compared to individuals without PTSD. These memories can involve a physical threat either to the individual themselves or to others.

Self-inflicted oral-dental mutilations (SIODMs) in paediatric patients: a systematic review of case reports and case series.

Aim: Self-inflicted oral-dental mutilations (SIODMs) are the result of an intentional or unintentional action that leads to anatomical and functional damage to the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. In paediatric patients they can be associated with both organic and functional diseases. A systematic review was conducted aiming to consolidate and integrate the existing knowledge on SIODM in paediatric patients.

Improving Pediatric Emergency Department Access to Discharge Prescriptions.

Background And Objectives: One-third of prescriptions prescribed by a pediatric emergency department (PED) are not filled by patients. Fill rates improve with an onsite outpatient pharmacy (OOP). We aimed to increase the percent of PED discharge prescriptions sent to the OOP during open hours from 8.

Accuracy of pathogen diagnostic codes for acute hematogenous musculoskeletal infections in children.

Administrative databases are powerful tools for pediatric research but lack patient-level microbiology results. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of pathogen discharge diagnosis codes for children hospitalized with acute hematogenous musculoskeletal infections (MSKIs). Medical records for 244 children hospitalized with acute hematogenous MSKIs were manually reviewed to determine which bacterial pathogen, if any, was identified for each MSKI based on microbiology results obtained during the hospitalization.

Intradermal lymphocyte therapy: A promising treatment for recurrent pregnancy loss in patients without anti-TPO antibodies.

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) remains a complex and challenging reproductive issue often associated with immunological abnormalities. This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of intradermal lymphocyte therapy in RPL patients, exploring cellular, molecular, and cytokine changes, with specific attention to individuals with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (Anti-TPO).

Methods: The study included 105 patients with RPL, divided into Anti-TPO positive RPL patients (n = 25), Anti-TPO negative RPL patients (n = 38), and RPL patients without lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) (n = 42).

Blood Transfusion and Survival of Children, Adolescent, and Young Adult Patients with Osteosarcoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

: Prior studies suggest that blood transfusion may adversely affect the survival of patients with cancer via transfusion-related immunomodulation. The objective of our study is to investigate the association between transfusion during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival in children, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA, 39 years old or younger) patients with osteosarcoma. : This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients between 2007 and 2022.

A Qualitative Assessment of Barriers, Facilitators, and Outcomes in a Simulation-Based Collaborative Quality Improvement Program: The ImPACTS Project.

Objectives: ImPACTS (Improving Acute Care Through Simulation) is a collaborative simulation-based program partnering pediatric specialty centers ("hubs") with general emergency departments (GEDs) to improve pediatric acute care. Objective measurements of ImPACTS, such as evaluating Pediatric Readiness Score (PRS) and simulation-based outcome improvements, have been reported previously. Barriers to and facilitators of program involvement and the downstream effects of the program have not been previously described.

Implementation of a Checklist Tool to Improve Understanding of Rapid Response Team Protocols.

Rapid response teams (RRT) are multidisciplinary teams activated to assess patients outside of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and require a shared framework for approaching a deteriorating patient. In this project, we aimed to improve the understanding of RRT protocols through the development and implementation of the RRT Huddle Checklist. This quality improvement project took place from 2019 to 2022.

The Critical Role of Pulse Oximetry Screening for Congenital Heart Disease and Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Newborns.

Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is diagnosed with high prevalence. Pulse oximetry and clinical examination are screening tools to aid in obtaining a CHD diagnosis.

Materials And Methods:  We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study over three years, screening 1188 newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the first 72 hours of life.

Evaluation of renal elasticity by shear wave elastography in children with Familial Mediterranean Fever.

Background: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a genetic disorder that can cause kidney damage. Shear wave elastography (SWE), a non-invasive method, was used to evaluate the decrease in renal tissue elasticity as a predictive parameter for amyloidosis. This study aimed to examine the changes in renal elasticity in patients with FMF using the renal SWE measurement method.

N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors and Depression: Linking Psychopharmacology, Pathology and Physiology in a Unifying Hypothesis for the Epigenetic Code of Neural Plasticity.

Uncompetitive NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) antagonists restore impaired neural plasticity, reverse depressive-like behavior in animal models, and relieve major depressive disorder (MDD) in humans. This review integrates recent findings from in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and human studies of uncompetitive NMDAR antagonists into the extensive body of knowledge on NMDARs and neural plasticity. Uncompetitive NMDAR antagonists are activity-dependent channel blockers that preferentially target hyperactive GluN2D subtypes because these subtypes are most sensitive to activation by low concentrations of extracellular glutamate and are more likely activated by certain pathological agonists and allosteric modulators.

Neurocognitive Profile and Associated Factors Among Children Affected by Sickle Cell Disease in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background/objectives: Understanding the neurocognitive profile of children with sickle cell disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo is essential, as this condition can significantly affect their development. Our study aims to assess these children's neurocognitive and developmental profiles and identify related factors.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 287 children, aged 0 to 68 months, using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the Gensini Gavito Scale.

Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; is it Possible to Predict its Outcome?

Objectives: To assess the outcome of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to identify the predictors of morbidity and mortality of this progressive disease.

Patients And Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted on consecutive pediatric patients with PAH. Medical history was taken with a grading of the WHO functional class as well as the serum N-terminal pro-BNP (NT pro-BNP), 6 min' walk test (6MWT), and echocardiography at the initial assessment and at follow-up.

A Unique Case of MBD5 and CCM2 Deletions Leading to a Severe Neurological Phenotype With Prolonged Status Epilepticus.

Heterozygous pathogenic variants in MBD5 (MIM*611472) and CCM2 (MIM*607929) cause autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 1 (MIM#156200) and cerebral cavernous malformations-2 (MIM#603284), respectively. Both conditions may present with seizures, epilepsy, and status epilepticus. However, super-refractory status epilepticus, defined as seizures lasting more than 24 h, has not been described in either condition.

REM sleep atonia in patients with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): implications for pathophysiology.

Study Objectives: Sleep disorders and/or disordered sleep represent common clinical presentations of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS), occurring in up to 80% of affected children, with REM sleep motor disinhibition being a prevalent feature. To date, limited polysomnographic (PSG) studies have been conducted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the PSG characteristics of a cohort of children with PANS, focusing particularly on REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) as assessed by the REM atonia index (RAI), and to compare these characteristics with those of a control group.

The effect of a provisional diagnosis on intern diagnostic reasoning: a mixed methods study.

Objectives: Competency in diagnostic reasoning is integral to medical training and patient safety. Situativity theory highlights the importance of contextual factors on learning and performance, such as being informed of a provisional diagnosis prior to a patient encounter. This study aims to determine how being informed of a provisional diagnosis affects an intern's approach to diagnostic reasoning.

Efficacy of parenteral bronchodilators on ventilatory outcomes in pediatric critical asthma: a national cohort study.

To evaluate the association of parenteral epinephrine and terbutaline use on ventilatory support in children admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with critical asthma in the United States. Data were obtained from the Pediatric Health Information System data base for children ages 2 to 18 years admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of asthma exacerbation from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2023. The primary outcomes included noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and/or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) use after receipt of terbutaline and/or epinephrine.