Prioritizing questions and topics for the development of guidelines and consensus-based recommendations supported by ILAE: A scoping review and proposal of prioritization criteria.

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and consensus-based recommendations (CBRs) require considerable effort, collaboration, and time-all within the constraints of finite resources. Professional societies, such as the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), must prioritize what topics and questions to address. Implementing evidence-based care remains a crucial challenge in clinical practice.

Can Surgery Be Proposed to Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients With Structural Lumbar Curves Associated With Nonreducible Iliolumbar Angle?

Background: Lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) selection for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with structural lumbar curves (Lenke 3, 5, and 6) remains debated. The iliolumbar angle (ILA) measurement is useful for assessing the lumbosacral junction flexibility. If it is nonreducible, surgeons need to make a difficult choice between a potential "imperfect" L4, associated with a residual lumbosacral curve, or a more distal fusion performed later in life due to poorer functional outcomes.

Noncoding variants and sulcal patterns in congenital heart disease: Machine learning to predict functional impact.

Neurodevelopmental impairments associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) may arise from perturbations in brain developmental pathways, including the formation of sulcal patterns. While genetic factors contribute to sulcal features, the association of noncoding variants (ncDNVs) with sulcal patterns in people with CHD remains poorly understood. Leveraging deep learning models, we examined the predicted impact of ncDNVs on gene regulatory signals.

A Nonrandomized Pilot Study to Investigate the Acceptability and Feasibility of LivR Well: A Multifaceted 28-Day Home-Based Liver Optimization Program for Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.

Background And Aims: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has a 22%-74% 28-day mortality rate and 30%-40% 30-day readmission rate. We investigated the acceptability and feasibility of a multimodal community intervention for ACLF.

Methods: A single-arm nonrandomized pilot study of consecutive participants with ACLF was conducted in a tertiary health service.

SPIRIT-DEFINE explanation and elaboration: recommendations for enhancing quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trials protocols.

Unlabelled: Transparent and accurate reporting in early phase dose-finding (EPDF) clinical trials is crucial for informing subsequent larger trials. The SPIRIT statement, designed for trial protocol content, does not adequately cover the distinctive features of EPDF trials. Recent findings indicate that the protocol contents in past EPDF trials frequently lacked completeness and clarity.

CONSORT-DEFINE explanation and elaboration: recommendations for enhancing reporting quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trials.

Unlabelled: Early phase dose-finding (EPDF) trials are key in the development of novel therapies, with their findings directly informing subsequent clinical development phases and providing valuable insights for reverse translation. Comprehensive and transparent reporting of these studies is critical for their accurate and critical interpretation, which may improve and expedite therapeutic development. However, quality of reporting of design characteristics and results from EPDF trials is often variable and incomplete.

Rectovaginal Fistula Repair Following Vaginoplasty in Transgender Females: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques.

Rectovaginal fistula (RVF) remains a complex complication following gender-affirming vaginoplasty. This review aims to evaluate RVF repair techniques and outcomes following vaginoplasty. A systematic review was performed per PRISMA guidelines.

Factors influencing role preferences in decision-making of healthy women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants: subanalysis from a randomised controlled decision coaching trial.

Background: Patients who actively engage in their medical decision-making processes can experience better health outcomes. This exploratory study aimed to identify predictors of preferred and actual roles in decision-making in healthy women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs).

Methods: Women with BRCA1/2 PVs without a history of breast and/or ovarian cancer were recruited in six centres across Germany.

Evaluation of ampicillin plus ceftobiprole combination therapy in treating Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis and bloodstream infection.

Enterococcus faecalis is responsible for numerous serious infections, and treatment options often include ampicillin combined with an aminoglycoside or dual beta-lactam therapy with ampicillin and a third-generation cephalosporin. The mechanism of dual beta-lactam therapy relies on the saturation of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Ceftobiprole exhibits high affinity binding to nearly all E.

Isolation of PCSK9-specific nanobodies from synthetic libraries using a combined protein selection strategy.

Nanobodies (Nbs) hold great potential to replace conventional antibodies in various biomedical applications. However, conventional methods for their discovery can be time-consuming and expensive. We have developed a reliable protein selection strategy that combines magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS)-based screening of yeast surface display (YSD) libraries and functional ligand-binding identification by Tat-based recognition of associating proteins (FLI-TRAP) to isolate antigen-specific Nbs from synthetic libraries.

Uncorrected ametropia in children with limited access to ocular health care.

Introduction: The primary objective of this study is to describe the refractive needs of vulnerable children according to their social security status. The secondary objective of this study is to describe the types of ametropia in this population of children with limited access to ocular health care.

Methods: Children with limited access to ocular health care were recruited.

Pseudotumoural optic neuritis in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease in children: Pseudotumoural optic neuritis in MOG antibody-associated disease.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a neuro-inflammatory condition affecting adults and children. The presentations vary and include acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis or transverse myelitis. Optic neuritis associated with anti-MOG antibodies is typically bilateral, anterior and initially severe but usually resolves quickly and completely.

Incidentally discovered inflammatory pseudotumour of the spleen: understanding clinical manifestations and diagnosis.

A splenic inflammatory pseudotumour (IPT) is a rare condition in which inflammatory cells and non-cancerous specialised cells known as myofibroblasts abnormally replicate in the spleen. Patients with IPT may experience symptoms like abdominal pain, fever and weight loss, making it difficult to distinguish from processes like cancer. As a result, diagnosing IPT often requires imaging studies and microscopic examination.

FIGG at 5: An update on U.S. public perspectives on forensic investigative genetic genealogy five years after its introduction to criminal investigations.

In 2018, after law enforcement announced it had used a technique called forensic investigative genetic genealogy (FIGG) to identify the Golden State Killer, we conducted a U.S. general population survey and found most respondents supported using FIGG to solve violent crimes.

The relationship between optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging measurements in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Several studies show that optical coherence tomography (OCT) metrics e with cognition, disability, and brain structure in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). This review the correlation between OCT parameters and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements in PwMS.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed, including studies published in English up to November 29, 2024 to identify studies reporting quantitative data on the correlation between baseline OCT parameters and MRI measurements in PwMS.

Simulation of adaptive immune receptors and repertoires with complex immune information to guide the development and benchmarking of AIRR machine learning.

Machine learning (ML) has shown great potential in the adaptive immune receptor repertoire (AIRR) field. However, there is a lack of large-scale ground-truth experimental AIRR data suitable for AIRR-ML-based disease diagnostics and therapeutics discovery. Simulated ground-truth AIRR data are required to complement the development and benchmarking of robust and interpretable AIRR-ML methods where experimental data is currently inaccessible or insufficient.

Nebulized aminoglycosides for ventilator-associated pneumonia: Methodological considerations and lessons from experimental studies.

Aminoglycosides are concentration-dependent antibiotics exerting a bactericidal effect when concentrations at the site of infection are equal to or greater than 5 times the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). When administered intravenously, they exhibit poor lung penetration and high systemic renal and ototoxicity, imposing to restrict their administration to 5 days. Experimental studies conducted in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep and pigs provide evidence that high doses of nebulized aminoglycosides induce a rapid and potent bacterial killing in the infected lung parenchyma.

First real-world evidence of sparsentan efficacy in patients with IgA nephropathy treated with SGLT2 inhibitors.

Background: Sparsentan, a dual-acting antagonist for both the angiotensin II receptor type 1 and the endothelin receptor type A, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Following the publication of the PROTECT trial, sparsentan recently received approval for the treatment of IgAN in Europe. However, it remains uncertain whether an additive effect can be observed in the context of existing treatment with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, given that the PROTECT study did not investigate this dual therapy approach.

Parsonage-Turner Syndrome and Occupational Therapy Interventions: A Case Report.

Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) is a rare brachial plexus neuropathy with a sudden onset of upper extremity pain, weakness, and loss of range of motion (ROM). Studies on occupational therapy (OT) interventions are limited. The aim of this case report was to explore the OT experiences, interventions, and outcomes of a patient with PTS.

Overall Survival of Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Following the Introduction of Targeted and Immunotherapies: A Norwegian Retrospective, Real-World Registry Data Study (RECON3).

Purpose: In Norway, 5-year survival rates of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are increasing. The objective of this study was to describe the survival of real-world patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC) across Norway and to identify associated factors. The results may provide additional information on the benefits of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in clinical practice.

Impact of liver cirrhosis on morbidity and mortality of patients admitted to the hospital with necrotizing fasciitis.

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a potentially fatal bacterial infection of the soft tissues. Liver cirrhosis appears to be a contributing factor to higher morbidity and mortality in patients with NF. This research article explores the relationship between these two conditions.

Improving Parent and Therapist Experiences of Codelivering Intensive Upper Limb Interventions for Children With Hemiplegia: A Qualitative Study Using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Background: Partnership working between parents and therapists is a key component of family-centred care (FCC). Such partnerships in paediatric intervention delivery can help achieve required levels of dosage, intensity and embed interventions in the child's everyday activities. This study explores the experience and views of parents and therapists codelivering an intensive upper limb intervention programme for children with hemiplegia, to find ways to enhance successful partnership working.