A cell-free system for production of 2,3-butanediol is robust to growth-toxic compounds.

The need for sustainable, low-cost production of bioenergy and commodity chemicals is increasing. Unfortunately, the engineering potential of whole-cell catalysts to address this need can be hampered by cellular toxicity. When such bottlenecks limit the commercial feasibility of whole-cell fermentation, cell-free, or , based approaches may offer an alternative.

Optimization of Risk Stratification in Localized Prostate Cancer.

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.

The Development of a Communication Tool to Facilitate the Cancer Trial Recruitment Process and Increase Research Literacy among Underrepresented Populations.

Despite increasing need to boost the recruitment of underrepresented populations into cancer trials and biobanking research, few tools exist for facilitating dialogue between researchers and potential research participants during the recruitment process. In this paper, we describe the initial processes of a user-centered design cycle to develop a standardized research communication tool prototype for enhancing research literacy among individuals from underrepresented populations considering enrollment in cancer research and biobanking studies. We present qualitative feedback and recommendations on the prototype's design and content from potential end users: five clinical trial recruiters and ten potential research participants recruited from an academic medical center.

Current and future perspectives on fulvestrant.

Fulvestrant, an estrogen receptor antagonist with no known agonist effects, is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of hormone-sensitive breast cancer after antiestrogen failure in postmenopausal women. Numerous phase II and III clinical trials of fulvestrant that are designed to build on its efficacy in breast cancer and explore its value in other tumors are ongoing or in the final planning stage. Favorable safety, dose-response, and pharmacokinetic data led to the initiation of clinical trials to evaluate loading and higher doses with the aim of building on the well-defined efficacy of fulvestrant.