Physical Activity and the Link Among Stress, Burnout, and Well-Being in Athletic Trainers.

Context: Stress is a leading cause of burnout in working professionals, including athletic trainers (ATs). One consequence of burnout for ATs is lower perceptions of well-being, which have implications for mental and physical health. Physical activity is known to help reduce stress.

Emotional experiences of ghosting.

Although ghosting (i.e., unilaterally ending a relationship by ceasing communication) has only recently entered the lexicon, it is a regularly used form of relationship dissolution.

Facemask Use During High Intensity Interval Exercise in Temperate and Hot Environments.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of surgical mask use during high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on physiological and perceptual responses in hot and temperate environments.

Methods: In a randomized fashion, 10 healthy participants completed two HIIE sessions in a 36°C hot (HUE-HOT) and two HIIE sessions in a 23°C temperate environment (HIIE-TEMP) while wearing (MASK) and not wearing a surgical mask (CON).

Results: No differences in physiological variables were found between MASK and CON during HIIE.

Evaluating the Influence of Gravity on Shoulder Strength Measures Assessed via Handheld Dynamometry.

Context: Handheld dynamometry is a feasible, reliable, and cost-effective method for assessing shoulder strength. One limitation to this tool is the lack of standardized testing protocols and specified shoulder strength test positions. Although it is recommended that strength tests be performed in a gravity-eliminated position, this may not always be a feasible or practical testing protocol.

Spironolactone affects cardiovascular and craniofacial development in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio).

Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist, is a mineralocorticoid hormone commonly prescribed to patients suffering from heart failure, hirsutism, dermatological afflictions, and hypertension. Interestingly, relatively little work has been done on the development of vertebrate embryos after exposure to this compound. Here, we treat zebrafish embryos with spironolactone at 10 M, 10 M, or 10 M, and observe them after three to seven days of exposure.

The combined effects of exercise-induced muscle damage and heat stress on acute kidney stress and heat strain during subsequent endurance exercise.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the combined effect of downhill running and heat stress on muscle damage, as well as on heat strain and kidney stress during subsequent running in the heat.

Methods: In a randomized cross-over study, ten non-heat-acclimated, physically active males completed downhill running in temperate (EIMD in Temp) and hot (EIMD in Hot) conditions followed by an exercise-heat stress (HS) test after 3-h seated rest. Blood and urine samples were collected immediately pre- and post-EIMD and HS, and 24 h post-EIMD (post-24 h).

Transcriptional Regulation of Amino Acid Transport in Glioblastoma Multiforme.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly brain tumor with a large unmet therapeutic need. Here, we tested the hypothesis that wild-type p53 is a negative transcriptional regulator of , the gene encoding the System xc- (SXC) catalytic subunit, xCT, in GBM. We demonstrate that xCT expression is inversely correlated with p53 expression in patient tissue.

Interpersonal Rejection and Social Motivation in Adolescence: Moderation by Narcissism and Gender.

Research on interpersonal rejection is voluminous, but less is known about perceived rejection in relation to social goals among peers during adolescence, especially while also considering factors that may moderate these associations. In a correlational design, we surveyed a diverse sample of middle school students to examine concurrent (Study 1; N = 269) and short-term longitudinal (Study 2; N = 321) links between rejection and adolescent communal (affiliation, closeness) and agentic (status, influence) goals, and narcissism and gender as moderators in the associations between rejection and social goals. Rejection was negatively related to (Study 1) and predicted decreases in (Study 2) communal goals.

State-Level Sexism and Gender Disparities in Health Care Access and Quality in the United States.

In this investigation, we examined the associations between state-level structural sexism-a multidimensional index of gender inequities across economic, political, and cultural domains of the gender system-and health care access and quality among women and men in the United States. We linked administrative data gauging state-level gender gaps in pay, employment, poverty, political representation, and policy protections to individual-level data on health care availability, affordability, and quality from the national Consumer Survey of Health Care Access (2014-2019; N = 24,250). Results show that higher state-level sexism is associated with greater inability to access needed health care and more barriers to affording care for women but not for men.

The Primarily Undergraduate Nanomaterials Cooperative: A New Model for Supporting Collaborative Research at Small Institutions on a National Scale.

The Primarily Undergraduate Nanomaterials Cooperative (PUNC) is an organization for research-active faculty studying nanomaterials at Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), where undergraduate teaching and research go hand-in-hand. In this perspective, we outline the differences in maintaining an active research group at a PUI compared to an R1 institution. We also discuss the work of PUNC, which focuses on community building, instrument sharing, and facilitating new collaborations.

Caught between Worlds: Assessing Generational Change in Palauan Foodways Post-Independence.

Palauan foodways have changed significantly over the last 100 years. Current nutritional norms in Palau have led to increased prevalence of nutrition-based noncommunicable disease. While generational change in Palauan foodways in the decades immediately following World War II has been documented, less attention has been paid to change since national independence.

Liability in the Time of Coronavirus: The Ethical Necessity of Expanding the Legal Protections Afforded to Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Although discussions have begun regarding the ways in which healthcare providers and individuals in fields adjacent to healthcare might be exposed to legal sanctions involving COVID-19, the complete scope of the legal risks is still largely unknown. This essay explores how current laws in the United States fail to offer adequate protections: (1) to healthcare workers (HCW) practicing under significantly altered standards of care, and (2) to individuals involved in the allocation of scarce resource decision-making process. Using research on Second Victim Syndrome and Medical Malpractice Stress Syndrome, legal protections are presented to provide HCW a form of "moral buffering" to help prevent further traumatizing them for shouldering extraordinary burdens during the COVID-19 pandemic.

State-Level Sexism and Women's Health Care Access in the United States: Differences by Race/Ethnicity, 2014-2019.

To quantify racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between state-level sexism and barriers to health care access among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women in the United States. We merged a multidimensional state-level sexism index compiled from administrative data with the national Consumer Survey of Health Care Access (2014-2019; n = 10 898) to test associations between exposure to state-level sexism and barriers to access, availability, and affordability of health care. Greater exposure to state-level sexism was associated with more barriers to health care access among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women, but not non-Hispanic White women.

State- and Provider-Level Racism and Health Care in the U.S.

Introduction: This study examines the associations between state-level and provider sources of racism and healthcare access and quality for non-Hispanic Black and White individuals.

Methods: Data from 2 sources were integrated: (1) data from the Association of American Medical Colleges' Consumer Survey of Health Care Access (2014-2019), which included measures of self-reported healthcare access, healthcare quality, and provider racial discrimination and (2) administrative data compiled to index state-level racism. State-level racism composite scores were calculated from federal sources (U.

Promoting a More Integrated Approach to Structure and Function.

The connection between structure and function is one of the fundamental tenets of biology: a biological unit's structure determines its function, and, conversely, its function depends upon its structure. Historically, important advances have been made either when understanding of structure leads to questions about function or when understanding of function raises questions about the structures involved. Consequently, considering the connections between structure and function from a broader perspective might lead to the development of novel hypotheses that move our understanding of the fundamental connections between structure and function forward.

Inhibiting autophagy targets human leukemic stem cells and hypoxic AML blasts by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis.

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and therapy-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts contribute to the reinitiation of leukemia after remission, necessitating therapeutic interventions that target these populations. Autophagy is a prosurvival process that allows for cells to adapt to a variety of stressors. Blocking autophagy pharmacologically by using mechanistically distinct inhibitors induced apoptosis and prevented colony formation in primary human AML cells.

Assessment of Arm Lean Mass, Fat Mass, and Bone Mineral Density in Breast Cancer Survivors Without Lymphedema.

Objectives: To compare lean mass, fat mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) in the affected arm (the arm on the side where breast cancer was present) and unaffected arm of breast cancer survivors without lymphedema.

Sample & Setting: 38 breast cancer survivors who had completed primary treatment were included in this analysis at a university in Florida.

Methods & Variables: Arm lean mass, fat mass, and BMD were obtained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

The truth about snitches: an archival analysis of informant testimony.

Informants are witnesses who often testify in exchange for an incentive (i.e. jailhouse informant, cooperating witness).

Effect of Functional Impact Training on Body Composition, Bone Mineral Density, and Strength in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 24 wk of functional impact training (FIT) that consisted of resistance and high-impact exercises in comparison with yin yoga on body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), blood biomarkers for bone metabolism, and strength in breast cancer survivors (BCS).

Methods: Forty-four BCS (60.3 ± 8.

Adolescent Social Goal Development: Mean-Level Changes and Prediction by Self-Esteem and Narcissism.

We examined mean-level social goal development among peers during middle school, and self-esteem and narcissism as predictors of trait-like goal orientations across time. Survey data were collected on three occasions, in two middle schools in Finland (N = 384; 12-14 years; 53% girls). As expected, average increases in agentic-communal goals (reflecting prosocial self-assertion, or consideration of the self and others) and decreases in submissive-separate (isolation) goals were observed over time.

Barriers to access, implementation, and utilization of parenting interventions: Considerations for research and clinical applications.

In February 2019, the American Psychological Association approved a resolution on physical discipline of children by parents that recognized its negative impact on children; called for increased use of more effective, alternate forms of discipline; and highlighted the need for greater access to behavioral parenting intervention for underserved groups. Despite a wealth of empirical evidence supporting these statements and similar resolutions by other influential organizations (e.g.

Tragic Affirmation: Disability Beyond Optimism and Pessimism.

Tragedy is a founding theme in disability studies. Critical disability studies have, since their inception, argued that understandings of disability as tragedy obscure the political dimensions of disability and are a barrier facing disabled persons in society. In this paper, we propose an affirmative understanding of tragedy, employing the philosophical works of Nietzsche, Spinoza and Hasana Sharp.

Effectiveness of Powerful Tools for Caregivers on Caregiver Burden and on Care Recipient Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention, Powerful Tools for Caregivers (PTC), for family caregivers of individuals with dementia.

Design: A pragmatic, 2-arm randomized controlled trial compared the PTC intervention, as delivered in practice, to usual care. Participants randomized to usual care functioned as a control group and then received the PTC intervention.

Experimental characterization of two archaeal inosine 5'-monophosphate cyclohydrolases.

There is variability as to how archaea catalyze the final step of de novo purine biosynthesis to form inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) from 5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (FAICAR). Although non-archaea almost uniformly use the bifunctional PurH protein, which has an N-terminal IMP cyclohydrolase (PurH2) fused to a C-terminal folate-dependent aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) formyltransferase (PurH1) domain, a survey of the genomes of archaea reveals use of PurH2 (with or without fusion to PurH1), the "euryarchaeal signature protein" PurO, or an unidentified crenarchaeal IMP cyclohydrolase. In this report, we present the cloning and functional characterization of two representatives of the known IMP cyclohydrolase families.