Novel Insights into Psychosis and Antipsychotic Interventions: From Managing Symptoms to Improving Outcomes.

For the past 70 years, the dopamine hypothesis has been the key working model in schizophrenia. This has contributed to the development of numerous inhibitors of dopaminergic signaling and antipsychotic drugs, which led to rapid symptom resolution but only marginal outcome improvement. Over the past decades, there has been limited research on the quantifiable pathological changes in schizophrenia, including premature cellular/neuronal senescence, brain volume loss, the attenuation of gamma oscillations in electroencephalograms, and the oxidation of lipids in the plasma and mitochondrial membranes.

Receptor-Independent Therapies for Forensic Detainees with Schizophrenia-Dementia Comorbidity.

Forensic institutions throughout the world house patients with severe psychiatric illness and history of criminal violations. Improved medical care, hygiene, psychiatric treatment, and nutrition led to an unmatched longevity in this population, which previously lived, on average, 15 to 20 years shorter than the public at large. On the other hand, longevity has contributed to increased prevalence of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, which complicate clinical management, increasing healthcare expenditures.

Long COVID as a Tauopathy: Of "Brain Fog" and "Fusogen Storms".

Long COVID, also called post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by a multitude of lingering symptoms, including impaired cognition, that can last for many months. This symptom, often called "brain fog", affects the life quality of numerous individuals, increasing medical complications as well as healthcare expenditures. The etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced cognitive deficit is unclear, but the most likely cause is chronic inflammation maintained by a viral remnant thriving in select body reservoirs.

A novel distribution of supergene genotypes is present in the socially polymorphic ant Formica neoclara.

Background: Supergenes are chromosomal regions with tightly linked clusters of alleles that control compound phenotypic traits. Supergenes have been demonstrated to contribute to the maintenance of polymorphisms within populations in traits as diverse as mimetic wing coloration in butterflies, mating strategies in birds, and malarial susceptibility in mosquitoes. A large supergene also underlies variation in social organization in Formica ants.

Daily living skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Implications for intervention and independence.

Background: Challenges in adaptive behaviors are present in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), while variation in IQ, social skills, and comorbidities are possible influences on adaptive behaviors. However, adaptive behaviors do not consistently map onto cognitive abilities in ASD, as high IQ is not protective against challenges in adaptive behaviors. Additionally, individuals with both ASD and elevated levels of externalizing problem behaviors experience even worse adaptive behaviors.

Does fluctuating asymmetry of wing traits capture relative environmental stress in a lepidopteran?

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is hypothesized to be a useful predictor of population canalization, especially for organisms at risk from environmental change.Identification of traits that meet statistical criteria as FA measures remains a challenge.Here, a laboratory experiment subjected immature butterflies () to diet and temperature conditions of varying stress levels.

Early childhood predictors of global competence in adolescence for youth with typical development or intellectual disability.

Background And Aims: We aimed to determine whether a second-order global competence latent factor could be identified as underlying relations between adolescent mental health, social skills, and academic functioning. A secondary aim was to test whether early childhood characteristics predict adolescent global competence. A final aim was to test differences in these models across youth with typical cognitive development (TD) or intellectual disability (ID).

Generation of inhibitory monoclonal antibodies targeting matrix metalloproteinase-14 by motif grafting and CDR optimization.

Matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) plays important roles in cancer metastasis, and the failures of broad-spectrum MMP compound inhibitors in clinical trials suggested selectivity is critical. By grafting an MMP-14 specific inhibition motif into complementarity determining region (CDR)-H3 of antibody scaffolds and optimizing other CDRs and the sequences that flank CDR-H3, we isolated a Fab 1F8 showing a binding affinity of 8.3 nM with >1000-fold enhancement on inhibition potency compared to the peptide inhibitor.

Influence of Temperature on the Thyroidogenic Effects of Diuron and Its Metabolite 3,4-DCA in Tadpoles of the American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus).

Temperature is a key variable affecting the timing of amphibian metamorphosis from tadpoles to tetrapods, through the production and subsequent function of thyroid hormones (TH). Thyroid function can be impaired by environmental contaminants as well as temperature. Tadpoles can experience large temperature fluctuations in their habitats and many species are distributed in areas that may be impacted by agriculture.

Combined optical micromanipulation and interferometric topography (COMMIT).

Optical tweezers have emerged as a prominent light-based tool for pico-Newton (pN) force microscopy in mechanobiological studies. However, the efficacy of optical tweezers are limited in applications where concurrent metrology of the nano-sized structures under interrogation is essential to the quantitative analysis of its mechanical properties and various mechanotransduction events. We have developed an all-optical platform delivering pN force resolution in parallel with nano-scale structural imaging of the biological sample by combining optical tweezers with interferometric quantitative phase microscopy.

Honey Bees Avoiding Ant Harassment at Flowers Using Scent Cues.

Pollinators require resources throughout the year to maintain healthy populations. Along the urban-natural interface, floral resource availability may be limited especially when the system experiences extreme drought and fire threats. In such areas, succulents, such as Aloe spp.

Electrochemical mineral scale prevention and removal on electrically conducting carbon nanotube--polyamide reverse osmosis membranes.

The electrochemical prevention and removal of CaSO4 and CaCO3 mineral scales on electrically conducting carbon nanotube - polyamide reverse osmosis membrane was investigated. Different electrical potentials were applied to the membrane surface while filtering model scaling solutions with high saturation indices. Scaling progression was monitored through flux measurements.