285 results match your criteria: "Risk Factor Modification Centre[Affiliation]"

Objective: Combined low-risk lifestyle behaviors (LRLBs) have been associated with a reduction in type 2 diabetes risk. This relationship has not been systematically quantified.

Research Design And Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association of combined LRLBs with type 2 diabetes.

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Lifestyle Factors Associated with Circulating Very Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids in Humans: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.

Adv Nutr

January 2023

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Recent observational studies have documented inverse associations of circulating very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs), namely arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0), with cardiometabolic outcomes. In addition to their endogenous production, it has been suggested that dietary intake or an overall healthier lifestyle may influence VLCSFA concentrations; however, a systematic review of the modifiable lifestyle contributors to circulating VLCSFAs is lacking. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically assess the effects of diet, physical activity, and smoking on circulating VLCSFAs.

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The Environmental Sustainability of Plant-Based Dietary Patterns: A Scoping Review.

J Nutr

March 2023

Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Background: A large part of the existential threat associated with climate change is the result of current human feeding patterns. Over the last decade, research evaluating the diet-related environmental impacts of plant-based diets has emerged, and a synthesis of the available data is now due.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to compile and summarize the literature on diet-related environmental impacts of plant-based dietary patterns; 2) to assess the nature of the data on impacts of plant-based dietary patterns on both environmental parameters and health (e.

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Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials.

Am J Clin Nutr

January 2023

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been implicated in fueling the obesity epidemic.

Objectives: This study aimed to update a synthesis of the evidence on SSBs and weight gain in children and adults.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched through September 8, 2022, for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated intake of SSBs in relation to BMI and body weight in children and adults, respectively.

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the implementation of most ongoing clinical trials worldwide including the PREDIMED-Plus study. The PREDIMED-Plus is an ongoing, multicenter, controlled intervention trial, aimed at weight-loss and cardiovascular disease prevention, in which participants were randomized (1:1 ratio) to an intervention group (energy-reduced Mediterranean diet, promotion of physical activity, and behavioral support) or to a control group (Mediterranean diet with usual care advice). When the pandemic began, the trial was in the midst of the planned intervention.

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Article Synopsis
  • The Mediterranean diet, low dietary glycemic index (GI), and dietary inflammation index (DII®) are linked to a lower risk of breast cancer incidence and mortality.
  • A study investigated the impact of one-year nutrition counseling focused on the Mediterranean diet, with or without low-GI carbohydrate guidance, on DII in women with breast cancer participants from the DEDiCa trial.
  • Results showed significant increases in Mediterranean diet adherence and decreases in GI and DII scores after one year, indicating that adherence to these dietary patterns can lower inflammation, which may be beneficial for cancer prognosis.
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Expression of concern on Gunathilake et al., "Effects of nut consumption on blood lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis

February 2023

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain. Electronic address:

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Carbon dioxide (CO) emissions and adherence to Mediterranean diet in an adult population: the Mediterranean diet index as a pollution level index.

Environ Health

January 2023

CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Research related to sustainable diets is is highly relevant to provide better understanding of the impact of dietary intake on the health and the environment.

Aim: To assess the association between the adherence to an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and the amount of CO emitted in an older adult population.

Design And Population: Using a cross-sectional design, the association between the adherence to an energy-reduced Mediterranean Diet (erMedDiet) score and dietary CO emissions in 6646 participants was assessed.

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Objective: In this study, we aim to review the current evidence of Food is Medicine interventions on diabetes outcomes among low-income or food-insecure individuals.

Methods: Seven databases were searched from January 1, 2000 to October 26, 2021 for full-text articles written in English. The studies included experimental studies of any duration and design which addressed the effect of Food is Medicine interventions on fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels among low-income or food-insecure populations with prediabetes or diabetes of any age group.

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Effect of honey on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nutr Rev

June 2023

are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Article Synopsis
  • Honey, although a type of free sugar, is often considered healthy and may influence cardiometabolic risk factors related to obesity and type 2 diabetes.
  • The systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed 18 controlled trials to evaluate honey's effects on various health markers, including fasting glucose and cholesterol levels.
  • Results indicated that honey consumption led to improvements in fasting glucose, cholesterol levels, and other markers, with certain types of honey showing particularly beneficial effects, though the certainty of evidence was mostly low.
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Objective: High cereal fiber and low-glycemic index (GI) diets are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in cohort studies. Clinical trial evidence on event incidence is lacking. Therefore, to make trial outcomes more directly relevant to CVD, we compared the effect on carotid plaque development in diabetes of a low-GI diet versus a whole-grain wheat-fiber diet.

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Genetic variation in 9p21, dietary patterns, and insulin sensitivity.

Front Genet

October 2022

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Article Synopsis
  • Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 9p21 region are linked to cardiovascular disease and insulin sensitivity, with previous studies primarily focusing on older populations.
  • The study analyzed 1,333 participants aged 20-29 from different ethnic groups to explore how dietary patterns interact with 9p21 genotypes and affect insulin sensitivity.
  • Results showed significant gene-diet interactions, where individuals with the 9p21 risk allele consuming a low-prudent diet had markedly higher fasting insulin levels compared to those on a high-prudent diet, suggesting that a prudent dietary pattern might protect against insulin resistance.
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Much remains unknown about the role of added sugar in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the relative contributions of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) or artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) to CVD risk. Among the 109,034 women who participated in Women's Health Initiative, we assessed average intakes of added sugar, SSB and ASB, and conducted Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals for CVD risk. The consistency of findings was compared to a network meta-analysis of all available cohorts.

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In the extended UNICEF framework of early childhood nutrition, parents' stress is associated with parental feeding style. However, no comprehensive review has examined the association between parents' stress and feeding styles and practices. The objective of our review was to synthesise the current literature examining the association between parents' stress and their feeding practices and/or styles, among parents of children ≤ 5 years old.

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Editorial commentary: Carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular disease: Need for trials.

Trends Cardiovasc Med

January 2024

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.

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Article Synopsis
  • Research explores the link between fructose-containing sugars in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and inflammatory markers, focusing on food source and energy control.
  • A systematic review analyzed 64 controlled trials, looking at how different fructose sources (like sweetened dairy and fruit juice) affect inflammation over varying energy levels.
  • Findings indicate that total fructose-containing sugars reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) in addition trials, while other trial types showed no significant effects on inflammation, suggesting the food source plays a critical role.
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Plasma Metabolite Profiles Associated with the Amount and Source of Meat and Fish Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Mol Nutr Food Res

December 2022

Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, 43202, Spain.

Scope: Consumption of meat has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but if plasma metabolite profiles associated with these foods reflect this relationship is unknown. The objective is to identify a metabolite signature of consumption of total meat (TM), red meat (RM), processed red meat (PRM), and fish and examine if they are associated with T2D risk.

Methods And Results: The discovery population includes 1833 participants from the PREDIMED trial.

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White rice, brown rice and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMJ Open

September 2022

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Objective: Intake of white rice has been associated with elevated risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), while studies on brown rice are conflicting. To inform dietary guidance, we synthesised the evidence on white rice and brown rice with T2D risk.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Objective: A plant-based dietary pattern, the Portfolio Diet, has been shown to lower LDL cholesterol and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, no study has evaluated the association of this diet with incident type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This analysis included 145,299 postmenopausal women free of diabetes at baseline in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Clinical Trials and Observational Study from 1993 to 2021.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study tested the effectiveness of a low-carbohydrate vegan diet compared to a moderate-carbohydrate vegetarian diet for weight loss and metabolic health in individuals with type 2 diabetes.* -
  • Both diets led to significant reductions in body weight, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure, but the vegan diet showed a greater potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.* -
  • Overall, while both diets were effective in managing diabetes, the low-carbohydrate vegan diet was identified as a potentially more sustainable option.*
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Context: Despite advances in treatments for cardiometabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, the increasing frequency of these conditions is of major clinical and public health concern. Therefore, primary prevention including diet and lifestyle approaches continues to play a key role in risk reduction. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies have documented inverse associations of dairy consumption with the incidence of different cardiometabolic disorders.

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Aims/hypothesis: Nordic dietary patterns that are high in healthy traditional Nordic foods may have a role in the prevention and management of diabetes. To inform the update of the EASD clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of Nordic dietary patterns and cardiometabolic outcomes.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library from inception to 9 March 2021.

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