Effects of exercise on sex steroid hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) in eumenorrheic females: A systematic to review and meta-analysis.

Background: The sex steroid hormones fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, which affects the strength and postural stability of females and leads to injuries and risk of falls. These hormones may be modulated by exercise to impact the overall health of females.

Objective: To determine the effects of exercise on sex steroid hormones in eumenorrheic females.

Effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on spasticity, walking and quality of life in poststroke lower limb spasticity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on lower limb function, walking, and quality of life in patients with lower limb poststroke spasticity.

Data Sources: A comprehensive and systematic electronic database search of PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest thesis Dissertation checks, Google Scholar was conducted from January 2010 to March 2022.

Review Method: Initially, the bibliography was screened to identify randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of ESWT on lower limb spasticity and functional outcomes in stroke patients.

Comparison of SAME verses CIMT on upper-limb functions in chronic stroke: A pilot randomized control trial.

Objective: To compare the effects of Same Arm Movement Therapy versus Constraint Induced Movement Therapy in improving upper-limb functions in patients of chronic stroke.

Methods: The pilot, assessor-blind, randomised control trial was conducted from February to September 2020 at the Spine and Physiotherapy Rehab Centre, Riphah Rehabilitation Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients of either gender aged 30-60 years having any type of stroke for a minimum 3 months. They were randomised into group A which received same arm movement therapy for 8 weeks of mental rehearsal of upper limb movements during 45min supervised sessions three times a week and structured independent sessions twice a week, and group B which received constrain induced movement therapy for eight weeks of daily intensive training of the affected extremity for two hours per day, five days per week for eight weeks in association with restriction of the non-affected extremity for 10 hours a day.

Dysphagia and obstructive sleep apnoea in post-extubated intensive care unit patients.

Objective: To determine the relationship between dysphagia and obstructive sleep apnoea and its association with age, gender and Glasgow Coma Scale in post-extubated patients in an intensive care setting.

Methods: The correlational study was conducted from July 1 to October 31, 2021, at the intensive care unit of Evercare Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised post-extubated patients of either ender aged 45-70 years within 72 hours following extubation and having Glasgow comma scale score 11-15. Gugging Swallowing Screen and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea questionnaires were used for data collection.

Normative data of modified Romberg balance test for risk of fall in elderly population of Pakistan.

Objective: To generate normative data of modified Romberg balance test for the risk of fall among the elderly.

Methods: The crossectional study was conducted from July 1 to December 31, 2021, and comprised healthy adults of either gender aged 60 years and above from different cities of Pakistan. The participants were screened for balance issues using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Questionnaire.

Effects of sequential approach of positional release for subscapularis and OLA Grimsby technique on shoulder external rotation in adhesive.

A sample of 34 patients was randomly assigned to two Groups A and B (17 in each group). Positional release of subscapularis technique to Group A participants and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) (hold-relax) and anterior mobilisation technique were simultaneously applied to Group B participants. Data was collected from Nusrat Abdul Rauf Centre for Enablement and Faisal Hospital, Faisalabad, from August 30, 2018 to November 27, 2018.

Comparison of classic constraint-induced movement therapy and its modified form on upper extremity motor functions and psychosocial impact in hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

A prospective randomised control trial (RCT) was conducted in National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad, on 40 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). Children between the ages of four and12 years with ipsilateral, bilateral or severely asymmetrical impairments who had wrist extension (20°) and fingers flexion (10°) were included. The outcomes tools, Box and Block Test, Quality of Upper Extremity Skill Test, CP (Quality of Life) and Kid screen were used at baseline, mid- and post- treatment assessment.

Effects of 8 weeks functional training programme on posture control and functional mobility in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

Objective: To determine the impacts of functional training versus conventional training on posture control and functional mobility in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy children.

Methods: The randomised clinical trial was conducted at the Rehab Cure physiotherapy centre, Lahore, Pakistan, from January to September 2020, and comprised children of either gender aged 4-14 years, diagnosed with cerebral palsy, gross motor functional classification system level II or III, and no mental retardation. The subjects were randomised into conventional therapy group A and functional training group B.

Teaching strategies for rehabilitation curriculum: Coping with the Covid-19 situation.

The novel corona virus pandemic culminated in a global emergency shutting down educational institutions with recommendations of distant learning. Developing countries like Pakistan faced challenges in terms of keeping the education stream running. The current narrative review was planned to discuss the teaching strategies adopted by various institutes for coping with the situation created by the coronavirus disease-2019.

The UN Incheon strategy Implementation and the Pakistani quagmire; ground realities.

The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific is the regional developmental arm of the United Nations. There are over 650 million persons with disabilities living in the region. In 2012, member countries, including Pakistan, launched the new decade of persons with disabilities from 2013 to 2022, adopting the Incheon Strategy to 'Make the Right Real', based on the Put Convention on the rights of Persons with Disabilities" and aimed at accelerating the disability inclusive development with 10 measurable goals and targets.

Effect of Pilates based exercises on symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To determine the effects of Pilates exercises on pain, knee range of motion and functional disability in women with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: The double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, from April to September 2018, and comprised female patients with knee osteoarthritis. The subjects were selected and randomised into control group A receiving isometrics and intervention group B receiving Pilates exercises.

Effectiveness of Mulligan mobilization and Kinesio-taping technique on the anterior innominate dysfunction in females.

Objective: To determine the effects of Mulligan mobilisation with Kinesio Tex tape on pain and disability in anterior innominate dysfunction in females.

Methods: The quasi-experimental study was conducted from March to August 2018 at the Allied Hospital and Javeed Medical Complex, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and comprised women with anterior innominate dysfunction. The subjects were divided into group A, which was treated with therapeutic ultrasound, Mulligan mobilisation and Kinesio taping, and group B, which was treated with therapeutic ultrasound and Mulligan mobilisation.

The effects of a static exercise programme versus Swiss ball training for core muscles of the lower back and pelvic region in patients with low back pain after child delivery. A single blind randomized control trial.

Objective: To determine the effects of static exercise programme compared to Swiss ball training for core muscles of the lower back and pelvic region in patients with low back pain after child delivery.

Methods: The prospective single-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted at Rehabilitation department of Pakistan Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi from March to December 2018, and comprised patients with low back pain after delivery who were randomised into 2 equal groups. The subjects in Group A received static core exercises, while those in Group B got Swiss ball training.

The effects of an exercise programme for core muscle strengthening in patients with low back pain after Caesarian-section: A single blind randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the effects of an exercise programme for core muscle strengthening in patients with low back pain after caesarean section.

Methods: The single-blind randomised controlled trail was conducted from August 2018 to January 2019 at the Helping Hand for Relief and Development Comprehensive Rehabilitation Centre, Chakwal, Pakistan, and comprised post-caesarean section women aged 25-40 years with low back pain. Patients were randomised into supervised group I and unsupervised group II using the sealed envelope method.

Frequency of work related musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic risk assessments among tailors.

Objective: To determine the frequency of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and to assess postural ergonomic risk among tailors.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to February 2018 in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan and comprised tailors of both genders aged 25-60 years, working for more than 6 months and having small and medium enterprises. To calculate ergonomic risk of work posture, Quick Exposure Check was used and work-related musculoskeletal disorders were determined through body mapping chart.

Comparison of Spencer muscle energy technique and Passive stretching in adhesive capsulitis: A single blind randomized control trial.

Objective: To compare the effects of Spencer muscle energy technique and passive stretching in adhesive capsulitis.

Methods: The single-blind randomised control trial was conducted at the District Headquarter Hospital and Fatima Hospital, Sargodha, Pakistan, from February to May 2018, and comprised patients of either gender aged 30-55 years with idiopathic frozen shoulder stage 1 and 2 or stiff painful shoulder joint for at least 3 months. They were randomised into two equal groups using the sealed envelope method.

Correlation of fall efficacy scale and Hendrich fall risk model in elder population of Rawalpindi-Islamabad.

Objective: To determine the correlation of fall efficacy scale and Hendrich fall risk model in elderly population.

Methods: The correlational study was conducted from February to July 2018 in the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised subjects of either gender aged >65 years from Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi Eye Donors Organisation Eye Hospital, Water and Power Development Authority General Hospital, as well as Baghban and Mukhtar Ghulam Qadir(MGQ)old people's homes. A pre-designed semi structured questionnaire consisting of Fall Efficacy Scale-International, Hendrich fall risk model along with the necessary demographic information was used for data collection.

Comparison between dynamic oscillatory stretch technique and static stretching in reduced hamstring flexibility in healthy population: A single blind randomized control trial.

Objective: To compare the effects of dynamic oscillatory stretch and static stretching techniques in order to improve hamstring extensibility in healthy individuals with asymptomatic hamstring tightness.

Methods: The single-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted from March to June 2018 at Sadiq Hospital, Sargodha Institute of Health Sciences, and District Headquarter Teaching Hospital,Sargodha, Pakistan, and comprised young healthy individuals with hamstring tightness who were randomly divided into groups 1 and 2, with the former getting exposure to oscillatory stretch technique and the latter to static stretching technique. Assessment of hamstring length was done using reliable clinical measurement test along with pain for stretch tolerance during passive straight leg raise using numeric pain rating scale.

Effects of post-isometric relaxation, myofascial trigger point release and routine physical therapy in management of acute mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To compare the effects of post-isometric relaxation, myofascial trigger point release and routine physical therapy on pain, disability and cervical range of motion in patients with acute mechanical neck pain.

Methods: The randomised control trial was conducted at the District Headquarter Hospital in Nowshehra, Pakistan, from July to December 2017 and comprised subjects of either gender aged 16-49 years with acute neck pain. They were randomised into three groups; post-isometric relaxation group 1, myofascial trigger point release group 2 and routine physical therapy group 3.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of basic life support among physical therapy practitioners in Rawalpindi and Islamabad.

Objective: To assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of basic life support among physical therapy practitioners.

Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan, from February to July 2018, and comprised data collected from physical therapy practitioners working at four public-sector hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A 30-item structured questionnaire adapted from the American Heart Association was used.

Effects of static stretching as compared to autogenic inhibition and reciprocal inhibition muscle energy techniques in the management of mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the effects of static stretching with autogenic inhibition and reciprocal inhibition muscle energy techniques on pain, disability and range of motion in patients with mechanical neck pain.

Methods: A parallel design randomised controlled trial was conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital and Railway-General Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from April to November, 2017, and comprised of patients aged 18-70 years with neck pain of moderate intensity scoring 4-8 on numeric pain rating scale with limited or painful range of motion. The patients were randomly allocated via lottery method into static stretching group, autogenic inhibition muscle energy technique group and reciprocal inhibition muscle energy technique group.