Water-Soluble Iron Porphyrins as Catalysts for Suppressing Chlorinated Disinfection Byproducts in Hypochlorite-Dependent Water Remediation.

We are facing a world-wide shortage of clean drinking water which will only be further exacerbated by climate change. The development of reliable and affordable methods for water remediation is thus of utmost importance. Chlorine (which forms active hypochlorites in solution) is the most commonly used disinfectant due to its reliability and low cost.

40 Years of Cracking the Orthographic Code: A Special Issue in Honour of Jonathan Grainger's Career.

Anyone recounting the history of cognitive psychology will have to make early mention of the study of orthographic processing (starting in 1886 with the seminal work of Cattell, a doctoral student of Wilhelm Wundt); and anyone recounting the study of orthographic processing will have to make mention of Jonathan Grainger. An honorary member and former president of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology, Jonathan has dedicated nearly four decades of research to the mechanisms driving the recognition of letters, words and sentences during reading. In honour of Jonathan's career-which formally has come to a close in 2023-in this Special Issue several contemporaries and close collaborators highlight important advances that have been made in the past 40 years, and provide flavours of where the field stands today.

Reconstructing the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes.

Understanding the origin of eukaryotic cells is one of the most difficult problems in all of biology. A key challenge relevant to the question of eukaryogenesis is reconstructing the gene repertoire of the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). As data sets grow, sketching an accurate genomics-informed picture of early eukaryotic cellular complexity requires provision of analytical resources and a commitment to data sharing.

Glycan-induced structural activation softens the human papillomavirus capsid for entry through reduction of intercapsomere flexibility.

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause various cancers. While type-specific prophylactic vaccines are available, additional anti-viral strategies are highly desirable. Initial HPV cell entry involves receptor-switching induced by structural capsid modifications.

Positive signs from the history as an aid for early diagnosis in functional movement disorders: The prospective TASMAN study.

Background And Purpose: There has been a concerted move in recent times to shift from an exclusionary to a positive diagnosis of functional movement disorders (FMDs). To date, most of the focus has been on defining positive physical signs. Here the focus was on the diagnostic specificity of specific symptoms and patient characteristics.

Inference-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Multisite Randomized Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial.

Introduction: Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) effectively treats obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), many patients refuse CBT or drop out prematurely, partly because of anxiety regarding exposure and response prevention (ERP) exercises. Inference-based cognitive behavioral therapy (I-CBT) focuses on correcting distorted inferential thinking patterns, enhancing reality-based reasoning, and addressing obsessional doubt by targeting underlying dysfunctional reasoning, without incorporating an ERP component. We hypothesized that I-CBT would be non-inferior to CBT.

History at the heart of medicine.

With a focus on the challenges of today and tomorrow in the critical medical humanities the role of history is often overlooked. Yet history and medicine are closely intertwined. Right now, with the surfacing of knotty problems such as changing demographics, chronic pain, loneliness and Long Covid - and the consequent necessity to change directions and policies - history seems more urgent than ever.

Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Psychedelics in Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD).

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder, associated with substantial burden and large economical costs. Notwithstanding various conventional antidepressant treatment options, a large portion of depressed people (ca. 30%) fails to respond to first-line treatment, resulting in treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Membrane-Active Antibiotics Affect Domains in Bacterial Membranes as the First Step of Their Activity.

The need to combat antimicrobial resistance is becoming more and more pressing. Here we investigate the working mechanism of a small cationic agent, -alkylamide 3d, by conventional and high-speed atomic force microscopy. We show that -alkylamide 3d interacts with the membrane of , where it changes the organization and dynamics of lipid domains.

Revisiting the reaction pathways for phospholipid hydrolysis catalyzed by phospholipase A2 with QM/MM methods.

Secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is a Ca-dependent, widely distributed enzyme superfamily in almost all mammalian tissues and bacteria. It is also a critical component of the venom of nearly all snakes, as well as many invertebrate species. In non-venomous contexts, sPLA2 assumes significance in cellular signaling pathways by binding cell membranes and catalyzing ester bond hydrolysis at the sn-2 position of phospholipids.

CD63 sorts cholesterol into endosomes for storage and distribution via exosomes.

Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes are now recognized as key players in intercellular communication. Their role is influenced by the specific repertoires of proteins and lipids, which are enriched when they are generated as intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) in multivesicular endosomes. Here we report that a key component of small extracellular vesicles, the tetraspanin CD63, sorts cholesterol to ILVs, generating a pool that can be mobilized by the NPC1/2 complex, and exported via exosomes to recipient cells.

Complete genome sequence of , a relative of Pacmanvirus, isolated from the Tamagawa River in Japan.

Here, we report the isolation and genome sequencing of a new Pacmanvirus-related isolate, , from the Tamagawa River in Japan. This icosahedral virus has a genome of approximately 380 kb and 465 open reading frames, including two tRNA genes. The name "tornado" is based on its morphological features revealed by transmission electron microscopy analysis.

Host defence peptide plectasin targets bacterial cell wall precursor lipid II by a calcium-sensitive supramolecular mechanism.

Antimicrobial resistance is a leading cause of mortality, calling for the development of new antibiotics. The fungal antibiotic plectasin is a eukaryotic host defence peptide that blocks bacterial cell wall synthesis. Here, using a combination of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, atomic force microscopy and activity assays, we show that plectasin uses a calcium-sensitive supramolecular killing mechanism.

Breaking barriers: Exploring female-specific health challenges affecting performance in an elite multisport training environment.

Objectives: Female-specific issues, such as breast injuries, pelvic floor dysfunctions, saddle sores, and menstrual symptoms, can significantly impact female athletes. This study examined the prevalence, perceived impact on performance, and role of the support staff in addressing and managing these issues in elite athletes based at a multisport training centre.

Design: Anonymous online questionnaire.

The importance of self-management for better treatment outcomes for HIV patients in a low-income setting: perspectives of HIV experts and service providers.

Background: Self-management is the most important strategy to improve quality of life in patients with a chronic disease. Despite the increasing number of people living with HIV (PLWH) in low-income countries, very little research on self-management is conducted in this setting. The aim of this research is to understand the perspectives of service providers and experts on the importance of self-management for PLWH.

Postpartum Psychosis: A Proposed Treatment Algorithm.

Background: Postpartum psychosis (PPP) is a psychiatric emergency that generally warrants acute inpatient care. PPP is marked by the sudden onset of affective and psychotic symptoms with a rapid deterioration in mental state. Evidence suggests that PPP is a discrete disorder on the bipolar disorder spectrum with a distinct treatment profile and prognosis.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms including 33,943 individuals from the general population.

While 1-2% of individuals meet the criteria for a clinical diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), many more (~13-38%) experience subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) during their life. To characterize the genetic underpinnings of OCS and its genetic relationship to OCD, we conducted the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of parent- or self-reported OCS to date (N = 33,943 with complete phenotypic and genome-wide data), combining the results from seven large-scale population-based cohorts from Sweden, the Netherlands, England, and Canada (including six twin cohorts and one cohort of unrelated individuals). We found no genome-wide significant associations at the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or gene-level, but a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on the OCD GWAS previously published by the Psychiatric Genetics Consortium (PGC-OCD) was significantly associated with OCS (P = 3.

Loss-of-function of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) by a splice-acceptor site mutation causes Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome.

Mutations in ADNP result in Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome. Here, we describe the first de novo intronic deletion, affecting the splice-acceptor site of the first coding ADNP exon in a five-year-old girl with developmental delay and autism. Whereas exome sequencing failed to detect the non-coding deletion, genome-wide CpG methylation analysis revealed an episignature suggestive of a Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome diagnosis.

Light-Triggered Disassembly of Molecular Motor-based Supramolecular Polymers Revealed by High-Speed AFM.

Photoresponsive supramolecular polymers have a major potential for applications in responsive materials that are externally triggered by light with spatio-temporal control of their polymerisation state. While changes in macroscopic properties revealed the adaptive nature of these materials, it remains challenging to capture the dynamic depolymerisation process at the molecular level, which requires fast observation techniques combined with in situ irradiation. By implementing in situ UV illumination into a High-Speed Atomic Force Microscope (HS-AFM) setup, we have been able to capture the disassembly of a light-driven molecular motor-based supramolecular polymer.