Why in hospital following transoral robotic lingual tonsillectomy?

Background: The reported hospital length of stay (LOS) following transoral robotic surgery lingual tonsillectomy (TORS-L) is variable, with limited understanding of the factors requiring hospitalization and no evidence-based criteria for discharge.

Aims/objectives: This observational cohort study investigated factors hindering discharge following TORS-L in a well-defined postoperative care program.

Methods: Patients were included between August 2020 and October 2022.

Dental implant treatment in patients with cancer on high-dose antiresorptive medication: A prospective feasibility study with 2 years follow-up.

Objectives: Dental implant treatment is considered contraindicated in patients with cancer on high-dose antiresorptive medication (HDAR). The aim of this prospective, feasibility study was to evaluate implant treatment in patients with cancer on HDAR, in terms of implant survival, implant success, and oral health-related quality of life (OHLQoL) after 2 years of loading.

Materials And Methods: Implants were inserted in three groups of HDAR patients: (1) Previous tooth extraction, no medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), (2) Previous MRONJ, now healed, (3) Existing MRONJ, planned surgical resection.

Elevated intraneural vascularization of the median nerve proximal to the arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients suspected of carpal tunnel syndrome: A case series.

Patients with end-stage kidney disease may require creation of an arteriovenous fistula in order to receive hemodialysis treatment. The creation may result in several complications, including carpal tunnel syndrome. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to relieve symptoms, prevent permanent nerve damage, and improve quality of life.

Fresh and frozen cardiac tissue are comparable in DNA methylation array β-values, but formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue may overestimate DNA methylation levels.

Untreated fresh cardiac tissue is the optimal tissue material for investigating DNA methylation patterns of cardiac biology and diseases. However, fresh tissue is difficult to obtain. Therefore, tissue stored as frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) is widely used for DNA methylation studies.

Good practice recommendations on add-ons in reproductive medicine†.

Study Question: Which add-ons are safe and effective to be used in ART treatment?

Summary Answer: Forty-two recommendations were formulated on the use of add-ons in the diagnosis of fertility problems, the IVF laboratory and clinical management of IVF treatment.

What Is Known Already: The innovative nature of ART combined with the extremely high motivation of the patients has opened the door to the wide application of what has become known as 'add-ons' in reproductive medicine. These supplementary options are available to patients in addition to standard fertility procedures, typically incurring an additional cost.

A survey of preferences for respiratory support in the intensive care unit for patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure.

Background: When caring for mechanically ventilated adults with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF), clinicians are faced with an uncertain choice between ventilator modes allowing for spontaneous breaths or ventilation fully controlled by the ventilator. The preferences of clinicians managing such patients, and what motivates their choice of ventilator mode, are largely unknown. To better understand how clinicians' preferences may impact the choice of ventilatory support for patients with AHRF, we issued a survey to an international network of intensive care unit (ICU) researchers.

Biofilm formation on endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) grafts-a proof of concept in vitro model.

Objectives: An endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) graft is a catheter-implanted vascular prosthesis and is the preferred treatment for patients with aortic aneurysm. If an EVAR graft becomes the focus of infection, the treatment possibilities are limited because it is technically difficult to remove the graft to obtain source control. This study examines whether Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus form biofilm on EVAR prostheses.

Oral Selinexor as Maintenance Therapy After First-Line Chemotherapy for Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer.

Purpose: Selinexor inhibits exportin-1 (XPO1) resulting in nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins including p53 and has clinical activity in endometrial cancer (EC). The primary end point was to assess progression-free survival (PFS) with once-weekly oral selinexor in patients with advanced or recurrent EC.

Patients And Methods: ENGOT-EN5/GOG-3055/SIENDO was a randomized, prospective, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study at 107 sites in 10 countries.

Effectiveness and safety of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell for radiation-induced hyposalivation and xerostomia in previous head and neck cancer patients (MESRIX-III): a study protocol for a single-centre, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase II study.

Background: A predominant side effect of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer is salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia leading to debilitating oral disorders and impaired quality of life (QoL). Intraglandular mesenchymal stem cell therapy has shown promising results as a treatment for xerostomia.

Methods: This is a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, prospective, single-centre trial investigating the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of allogeneic stem cells as a treatment for radiation-induced hyposalivation and xerostomia for previous head and neck cancer patients.

Neratinib + fulvestrant + trastuzumab for HR-positive, HER2-negative, HER2-mutant metastatic breast cancer: outcomes and biomarker analysis from the SUMMIT trial.

Background: HER2 mutations are targetable alterations in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In the SUMMIT basket study, patients with HER2-mutant MBC received neratinib monotherapy, neratinib + fulvestrant, or neratinib + fulvestrant + trastuzumab (N + F + T). We report results from 71 patients with HR+, HER2-mutant MBC, including 21 (seven in each arm) from a randomized substudy of fulvestrant versus fulvestrant + trastuzumab (F + T) versus N + F + T.

Hepatic Fibrosis Evaluated in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and particularly liver fibrosis, has been suggested as a risk factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given that NAFLD affects every fourth person globally, better insight is needed. Our aim was to investigate the association between hepatic fibrosis and CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes and to compare different methods for diagnosing liver fibrosis in this study population.

RNA trafficking and subcellular localization-a review of mechanisms, experimental and predictive methodologies.

RNA localization is essential for regulating spatial translation, where RNAs are trafficked to their target locations via various biological mechanisms. In this review, we discuss RNA localization in the context of molecular mechanisms, experimental techniques and machine learning-based prediction tools. Three main types of molecular mechanisms that control the localization of RNA to distinct cellular compartments are reviewed, including directed transport, protection from mRNA degradation, as well as diffusion and local entrapment.

Molecular Representations in Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of PK Parameters for Insulin Analogs.

Therapeutic peptides and proteins derived from either endogenous hormones, such as insulin, or de novo design via display technologies occupy a distinct pharmaceutical space in between small molecules and large proteins such as antibodies. Optimizing the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of drug candidates is of high importance when it comes to prioritizing lead candidates, and machine-learning models can provide a relevant tool to accelerate the drug design process. Predicting PK parameters of proteins remains difficult due to the complex factors that influence PK properties; furthermore, the data sets are small compared to the variety of compounds in the protein space.

Used Nasogastric Feeding Tubes from Neonates Contain Infant-Specific Bacterial Profiles.

Nasogastric feeding tubes (NG-tubes) from neonates contain potentially pathogenic bacteria. Using culture-based techniques, we have previously determined that the usage duration of NG-tubes did not impact the colonization of the nasogastric tubes. In the present study, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the microbial profile of 94 used nasogastric tubes collected from a single neonatal intensive care unit.

Health-related quality of life in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: a cross-sectional study from a single centre in Denmark.

Background: The impact of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to compare HRQOL in Danish patients with PBC to the general population and to assess associations to clinical and laboratory data.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre, cross-sectional questionnaire study in patients with PBC using the SF-36 and EQ-5D-5L.

Dapagliflozin and Physical and Social Activity Limitations in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is associated with impaired physical function and poor quality of life and affects health status more profoundly than many other chronic diseases.

Objectives: The authors examined the effects of dapagliflozin on specific physical and social limitations as reported by patients in the DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse-outcomes in Heart Failure) trial.

Methods: The effect of dapagliflozin on the change from baseline to 8 months in each of the individual physical and social activity limitation questions answered by patients completing the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), and overall scores, were examined with mixed-effects models and responder analyses.