Optimizing Variables for Contingency Management Among Infant Caregivers Using a Simulated Purchase Task.

Behavioral economics offers a framework for understanding choice making around public health concerns such as drug use and distracted driving. Such a framework could be beneficial to understanding caregiver choices related to arranging an infant sleep environment. Nonadherence to infant sleep safety guidelines provided by the American Academy of Pediatrics increases the risk of sleep-related infant deaths.

What happens after anti-Asian racism at work? A moral exclusion perspective on coworker confrontation and mechanisms.

Despite Americans' recent heightened awareness of racial inequality, anti-Asian racism at work remains underrecognized and largely unaddressed. In this research, we aim to understand why White bystander coworkers may fail to confront anti-Asian racism. Integrating the moral exclusion perspective and research on racial positions, we propose that due to perceiving Asian Americans as more foreign than other non-White coworkers, White coworkers are less likely to feel anger and engage in confrontation when witnessing anti-Asian racism at work.

Small for gestational age and age at menarche in a contemporary population-based U.S. sample.

Children born small for gestational age (SGA) may be at risk for earlier puberty and adverse long-term health sequelae. This study investigates associations between SGA and age at menarche using secondary data on 1,027 female children in a population-based U.S.

An Alternative Non-Invasive Screening Model for Liver Fibrosis among US Adults at Risk of MASLD.

Screening for liver fibrosis presents a clinical challenge. This study aimed to explore a useful alternative method for assessing fibrosis risk among US adults at risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). A liver stiffness score (LSS) model was proposed and tested using data from 3976 participants at possible risk of MASLD, obtained from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Comprehensive stereotactic radiosurgery platform characterization: A novel end-to-end approach with anthropomorphic 3D dosimetry.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a widely employed strategy for intracranial metastases, utilizing linear accelerators and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Ensuring precise linear accelerator performance is crucial, given the small planning target volume (PTV) margins. Rapid dose falloff is vital to minimize brain radiation necrosis.

Fish and Shellfish Consumption, Cognitive Health and Mortality from Alzheimer's Disease among US Adults Aged 60 and Older.

Background: Relationships of fish-shellfish consumption, cognitive health and mortality from Alzheimer's disease (AD) among US adults aged 60 years and older have not been adequately studied.

Objectives: To determine the relationship of fish-shellfish consumption, cognitive health and mortality from AD in US adults aged 60 years and older.

Design, Setting And Participants: The data of this cross-sectional study of US adults aged 60 years and older were from the National Nutrition and Health Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets.

Assessing Growth of BACB Certificants (1999-2019).

Unlabelled: Geographic distribution patterns of board certified behavior analysts may be useful in analyzing the growth of the field. First, we present an international snapshot of Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) certificants, then analyze relative growth rates between countries from 1999 to 2019. This is followed by an in depth review of certificant distribution patterns in the United States and Canada, as well as the ratios of experienced behavior analysts to new certificants.

Paternal depression in the postpartum year and children's behaviors at age 5 in an urban U.S. birth cohort.

Objective: To investigate associations between postpartum depression in fathers and children's behaviors at age 5 in a national high-risk U.S. sample.

Inverse Association between Exercising Blood Pressure Response and Left Ventricular Chamber Size and Mass in Women Who Habitually Resistance Train.

Unlabelled: Exercise is a major modifiable lifestyle factor that leads to temporarily increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), which is thought to influence left ventricular mass normalized to body surface area (LVM/BSA). This relationship has never been studied in women who habitually perform resistance exercise.

Purpose: To determine if a direct correlation exists between the SBP response to resistance exercise (change from rest; eSBP) and LVM/BSA in young healthy women who habitually resistance train.

Chronic health conditions and adolescents' social connectedness.

This study investigated associations between chronic developmental/behavioral and physical health conditions and social connectedness of adolescents using rich population-based data from a national U.S. birth cohort study.

Iodine Intake Trends in United States Girls and Women between 2011 and 2020.

Background: Usual intakes of iodine in United States girls and women, including pregnant and lactating women have not been adequately studied. Adequate intake of iodine is critical for neurodevelopment of girls, thyroid functions, and reproductive health of women.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the adequacy and trends of iodine intake of United States girls and women between 2011 and 2020.

Nurse practitioner faculty attitudes about interprofessional education.

Background: Nurse practitioner (NP) faculty attitudes toward interprofessional education (IPE) can be barriers to the shift in culture and successful implementation of IPE into nursing curricula. A paucity of studies exist comparing faculty attitudes of IPE with different educational modalities.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to compare NP faculty attitudes toward IPE between IPE experiences and educational modalities in NP academic programs.

Loss of B1 and marginal zone B cells during ovarian cancer.

Recent advances in immunotherapy have not addressed the challenge presented by ovarian cancer. Although the peritoneum is an "accessible" locus for this disease there has been limited characterization of the immunobiology therein. We investigated the ID8-C57BL/6J ovarian cancer model and found marked depletion of B1 cells from the ascites of the peritoneal cavity.

Welfare Reform and the Quality of Young Children's Home Environments.

This study investigates the effects of welfare reform-a major policy shift in the United States that increased low-income mothers' employment and reliance on earnings instead of cash assistance-on the quality of the home environments mothers provide for their preschool-age children. Using empirical methods designed to identify plausibly causal effects, we estimate the effects of welfare reform on validated survey and observational measures of maternal behaviors that support children's cognitive skills and emotional adjustment and the material goods that parents purchase to stimulate their children's skill development. The results suggest that welfare reform did not affect the amount of time and material resources mothers devoted to cognitively stimulating activities with their young children.

Online cognitive assessment in the era of COVID-19: Examining the validity of the MEZURE.

Developed more than 2 decades ago, the MEZURE (Assessment Technologies, 1995-2020; https://www.mezure.com/) has received increased attention as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Small-for-Gestational-Age and Vocabulary and Achievement Test Scores at Age 9 Among Children Born at Term in a Contemporary U.S. Sample.

Introduction: Children that are small-for-gestational-age (SGA) at birth are at an increased risk for cognitive impairment, even if born at term (37-41 weeks). This study examined associations between sex-specific SGA and vocabulary and achievement tests in 9 year old children born at term using a contemporary population-based US sample.

Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted on a sample of 2144 children born at term in 1998-2000 who participated in a US birth cohort study that oversampled non-marital births, which in the U.

Bootstrap Exploratory Graph Analysis of the WISC-V with a Clinical Sample.

One important aspect of construct validity is structural validity. Structural validity refers to the degree to which scores of a psychological test are a reflection of the dimensionality of the construct being measured. A factor analysis, which assumes that unobserved latent variables are responsible for the covariation among observed test scores, has traditionally been employed to provide structural validity evidence.

Self-reported Medicinal Cannabis Use as an Alternative to Prescription and Over-the-counter Medication Use Among US Military Veterans.

Background: Mental and other physical health concerns and substance use disorder are common and co-occurring events experienced by US veterans. Treatment with medicinal cannabis is a potential alternative to unwanted medication use for veterans, but more clinical and epidemiologic research is needed to understand the risks and benefits.

Methods: Data were collected from a cross-sectional, self-reported, anonymous survey asking US veterans about their health conditions, medical treatments, demographics, and medicinal cannabis use along with its self-reported effectiveness.

Trends in Diet Quality and Increasing Inadequacies of Micronutrients Vitamin C, Vitamin B12, Iron and Potassium in US Type 2 Diabetic Adults.

Background: Prevalence of diabetes was high and rose significantly in the US between 1999 and 2018. A healthy dietary pattern that provides micronutrient adequacy is one of the most important lifestyle choices for battling the progress of diabetes. Yet, the patterns and trends of diet quality of the US type 2 diabetes are understudied.

A potentially fatal cranial pathology in a specimen of Tarchia.

Skulls of the Mongolian ankylosaurids Shamosaurus, Tarchia, and Saichania were scanned for information about their internal anatomy. Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the Tarchia skull revealed substantial internal anatomical differences from known Campanian North American taxa, particularly in the morphology of the airway. In addition, unexpected anomalies were detected within the airway and sinuses.

Microbiota Mediate Enhanced Exercise Capacity Induced by Exercise Training.

Purpose: We investigated the effects of gut microbes, and the mechanisms mediating the enhanced exercise performance induced by exercise training, i.e., skeletal muscle blood flow, and mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function in male mice.

Are We Essential, or Sacrificial? The Effects of Felt Public Gratitude on Essential Worker Recovery Activities During COVID-19.

COVID-19 has been characterized by unprecedented levels of public gratitude to some, but not all, essential workers. In this research, we integrate insights from the stigmatized occupations and gratitude literature to build theory on the positive negative relationships between such displays of public gratitude and essential workers' recovery activities. We argue that felt public gratitude positively relates to recovery activities (e.

Effects of Welfare Reform on Positive Health and Social Behaviors of Adolescents.

This paper explores a missing link in the literature on welfare reform in the U.S.-the effects on positive health and social behaviors of adolescents, who represent the next generation of potential welfare recipients.

Individuals with a previous symptomatic COVID-19 infection have altered heart rate and blood pressure variability during acute exercise.

As the number of COVID-19 cases begin to diminish it is important to turn our attention to any long-term issues that may be associated with a prior infection. Cardiovascular defects have been noted following prior SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, less is known about how a previous infection alters the cardiovascular response to exercise.