Polarization Upends Convention: Halogen Bonding Propensities of Main Group Halides.

The propensities for sigma hole bonding by halogen atoms bonded to central atoms below period 2 in the periodic table remain to be systematically examined. Using iodine as our reference halogen atom, a comprehensive analysis of the tendencies for halogen and other forms of significant sigma hole bonding by simple compounds of main group atoms from H to At is accomplished. An examination of the structure and bonding of complexes formed by those iodine-substituted main group compounds and sigma donating bases (ammonia and trimethylamine) is performed to probe the viability of halogen bonding by heavy main group RM-I compounds in particular, given the historic focus on period 2.

Evaluation of predictions of disordered binding regions in the CAID2 experiment.

A large portion of the Intrinsically Disordered Regions (IDRs) in protein sequences interact with proteins, nucleic acids, and other types of ligands. Correspondingly, dozens of sequence-based predictors of binding IDRs were developed. A recently completed second community-based Critical Assessments of protein Intrinsic Disorder prediction (CAID2) evaluated 32 predictors of binding IDRs.

Blood culture bottle shortage mitigation efforts: analysis of impact on ordering and patient impact.

Objective Design: In June of 2024, Becton Dickinson experienced a blood culture bottle shortage for their BACTEC system, forcing health systems to reduce usage or risk exhausting their supply. Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (VCUHS) in Richmond, VA decided that it was necessary to implement austerity measures to preserve the blood culture bottle supply.

Setting: VCUHS includes a main campus in Richmond, VA as well as two affiliate hospitals in South Hill, VA (Community Memorial Hospital (CMH)) and Tappahannock Hospital in Tappahannock, VA.

Single-atom single-superatom as catalysts for ammonia production.

A new class of single-superatom catalyst (TiO, ZrO, and WC) supported on graphene is shown to outperform the stability and activity of their corresponding single-atom catalysts (Ni, Pd and Pt) for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction. The results based on density functional theory point to a paradigm shift in catalyst design.

Toward a phylogenomic classification of magnoliids.

Premise: Magnoliids are a strongly supported clade of angiosperms. Previous phylogenetic studies based primarily on analyses of a limited number of mostly plastid markers have led to the current classification of magnoliids into four orders and 18 families. However, uncertainty remains regarding the placement of several families.

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a physical activity intervention in adults with lymphoma undergoing treatment.

Background: To determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a 6-month tailored non-linear progressive physical activity intervention (PAI) for lymphoma patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with lymphoma (non-Hodgkin (NHL) or Hodgkin (HL)) were randomized into the PAI or healthy living intervention (HLI) control (2:1). Feasibility was assessed by examining accrual, adherence, and retention rates.

Staffing Up: The Nursing Home Minimum Staffing Rule.

On April 22, 2024, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced new staffing mandates for long-term care (LTC) facilities in an effort to improve care quality in nursing homes (NHs). The guidelines require a minimum of 3.48 h of daily care per resident, including 0.

'Domesticability': were some species predisposed for domestication?

Crop domestication arises from a coevolutionary process between plants and humans, resulting in predictable and improved resources for humans. Of the thousands of edible species, many were collected or cultivated for food, but only a few became domesticated and even fewer supply the bulk of the plant-based calories consumed by humans. Why so few species became fully domesticated is not understood.

Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

Importance: Osteoporotic fractures are associated with psychological distress, subsequent fractures, loss of independence, reduced ability to perform activities of daily living, and death.

Objective: The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures in adults 40 years or older with no known diagnosis of osteoporosis or history of fragility fracture.

Population: Adults 40 years or older without known osteoporosis or history of fragility fractures.

Heterogeneous knowledge of childhood seizures and epilepsy care in Canadian healthcare Providers: Identifying the gaps.

Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological condition in children. Many barriers exist in early recognition which cause delay in care and impact quality of life. Some of these children require advanced treatments which are underutilized due to lack of education, awareness and referrals.

RNA splicing variants of the novel long non-coding RNA, CyKILR, possess divergent biological functions in non-small cell lung cancer.

The CDKN2A gene, responsible for encoding the tumor suppressors p16(INK4A) and p14(ARF), is frequently inactivated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, an uncharacterized long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) (ENSG00000267053) on chromosome 19p13.12 was found to be overexpressed in NSCLC cells with an active, wild-type CDKN2A gene.

Phase 1b/2a safety study of lemborexant as an adjunctive treatment for insomnia to buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid use disorder: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Evidence supports the common incidence of sleep disturbance in opioid use disorder (OUD) as a potential marker of disrupted orexin system functioning. This study evaluated the initial safety and tolerability of a challenge dose of lemborexant, a dual orexin antagonist, as an adjunct to buprenorphine/naloxone.

Methods: Patients (18-65 years old) with OUD receiving sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone, with a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score of 6 or higher, were recruited from outpatient clinics.

A Randomized Trial of Cardiac Catheterization With Fasting Versus Liberal Oral Intake: The CALORI Trial.

Background: Routine preprocedural fasting before cardiac catheterization remains common practice, despite a lack of robust evidence to support this practice. We investigated the impact of a liberal nonfasting strategy vs a standardized nil per os (NPO) regimen prior to cardiac catheterization.

Methods: Adult inpatients undergoing elective or urgent cardiac catheterization were randomized (1:1 ratio) to either NPO past midnight or ad libitum intake of liquids and solids (without dietary constraints) until immediately prior to the procedure.

Protocol for a multisite randomised controlled trial assessing the effect of the Telehealth for Early Developmental Intervention in babies born very preterm (TEDI-Prem) programme on neurodevelopmental outcomes and parent well-being.

Introduction: Infants born very preterm (VPT, <32 weeks' gestation) are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental impairments including motor, cognitive and behavioural delay. Parents of infants born VPT also have poorer mental health outcomes compared with parents of infants born at term.We have developed an intervention programme called TEDI-Prem (Telehealth for Early Developmental Intervention in babies born very preterm) based on previous research.

Emergency managers' challenges with wildfires and related cascading hazards in California.

This study investigates the complexities faced by emergency managers in wildfire-prone areas to uncover pressing issues and potential solutions. Four themes are discerned through three focus group discussions with emergency managers from nine counties across California. First, there is unequal access to resources for both risk assessment and response, with counties that have fewer resources facing significant challenges in effectively managing wildfire risks.

Sex Affects Cognitive Outcomes in HIV-1 Tat Transgenic Mice: Role of CCR5.

People living with HIV (PLWH) experience HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), even though combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppresses HIV replication. HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (HIV-1 Tat) contributes to the development of HAND through neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic mechanisms. C-C chemokine 5 receptor (CCR5) is important in immune cell targeting and is a co-receptor for HIV viral entry into CD4+ cells.

Floodplain forests drive fruit-eating fish diversity at the Amazon Basin-scale.

Unlike most rivers globally, nearly all lowland Amazonian rivers have unregulated flow, supporting seasonally flooded floodplain forests. Floodplain forests harbor a unique tree species assemblage adapted to flooding and specialized fauna, including fruit-eating fish that migrate seasonally into floodplains, favoring expansive floodplain areas. Frugivorous fish are forest-dependent fauna critical to forest regeneration via seed dispersal and support commercial and artisanal fisheries.

Estimating the Exposure-Response Relationship between Fine Mineral Dust Concentration and Coccidioidomycosis Incidence Using Speciated Particulate Matter Data: A Longitudinal Surveillance Study.

Background: Coccidioidomycosis, caused by inhalation of spp. spores, is an emerging infectious disease that is increasing in incidence throughout the southwestern US. The pathogen is soil-dwelling, and spore dispersal and human exposure are thought to co-occur with airborne mineral dust exposures, yet fundamental exposure-response relationships have not been conclusively estimated.

The impact of resident involvement and postgraduate year on head and neck surgery for obstructive sleep apnea.

To assess the impact of resident involvement and resident postgraduate year (PGY) on head and neck obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) surgical outcomes. We analyzed head and neck OSA surgeries from 2005-2012 via the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Demographic, preoperative, and postoperative variables were analyzed via multivariate regression to determine the impact of resident involvement and resident PGY on 30-day outcomes.

Specialty palliative care use among cancer patients: A population-based study.

Background: Rigorous population-based assessments of the use of specialty palliative care (SPC) in the US are rare.

Settings/subjects: This study examined SPC use among cancer patients in a mid-sized metropolitan area in Southeast US.

Measurements: In this cancer decedent cohort study, data were acquired and linked from the state-wide cancer registry; state-wide hospital discharge dataset; and local SPC providers.

Economic Impact of the Apoyo con Cariño Intervention: Improving Palliative Care for Hispanics with Serious Illness.

Specialty palliative care has been associated with cost savings at the end of life, while patient navigators have been independently associated with cost savings due to screening and treatment early in the course of disease. Evidence is limited regarding patient navigators and cost savings at the end of life. To determine the cost-effectiveness of a lay patient navigator intervention in improving palliative care outcomes for Hispanic persons with serious noncancer illness.