taxonomy using network analysis-aided, context-uniform phylogenomic approach for non-subjective genus demarcation.

A robust taxonomy is essential for the organized study of prokaryotes and the effective communication of microbial knowledge. The genus rank is the mainstay of biological classification as it brings together under a common name a group of closely related organisms sharing the same recent ancestry and similar characteristics. Despite the unprecedented resolution afforded by whole-genome sequencing in defining evolutionary relationships, a consensus approach for phylogenomics-based prokaryotic genus delineation remains elusive.

Successful treatment of Rhodococcus lung abscess and empyema thoracis in a heart transplant recipient.

Rhodococcosis is an uncommon cause of pulmonary infection in thoracic organ transplant recipients. We describe a heart transplant recipient diagnosed with Rhodococcus equi left upper lung abscess with empyema thoracis complicated by bacteremia. The patient was successfully treated with appropriate antibiotics, adequate surgical resection, and optimization of immunosuppressants.

Intestinal Lesions Due to Rhodococcus equi in a Patient With Advanced Retroviral Disease and Pulmonary Infection: A Case of Colonic Malakoplakia.

In humans, () is a zoonotic infection usually involving immunocompromised subjects, only rarely affecting immunocompetent subjects. Herein, we describe an infection in a 50-year-old Russian man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) who presented with pulmonary cavitary lesions and clinical manifestation of colonic malakoplakia. A colonoscopy examination showed ulceration and mucosal erosion, and the histological findings confirmed the colonic malakoplakia.

Identification of vaccine candidates against by combining pangenome analysis with a reverse vaccinology approach.

() is a zoonotic opportunistic pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections. The rapid evolution of multidrug-resistant and the fact that there is no currently licensed effective vaccine against warrant the need for vaccine development. Reverse vaccinology (RV), which involves screening a pathogen's entire genome and proteome using various web-based prediction tools, is considered one of the most effective approaches for identifying vaccine candidates.

Screening, molecular identification, population diversity, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Actinomycetes species isolated from meat and meat products of slaughterhouses, restaurants, and meat stores of a developing country, Iran.

Introduction: Actinomycetes can colonize surfaces of tools and equipment and can be transferred to meat and meat products during manufacture, processing, handling, and storage. Moreover, washing the meat does not eliminate the microorganisms; it only spreads them. As a result, these opportunistic pathogens can enter the human body and cause various infections.

Maldi-Tof-Ms Identified Rhodococcus Hoagie Bacteraemia In An Immunocompromised Patient.

Rhodococcus hoagie, previously referred to as R. equi, is a Gram-positive intracellular coccobacillus that belongs to the Nocardiaceae family. This multi-host pathogen causes infections in farm animals, particularly foals, but also in immunosuppressed patients, mainly individuals treated with high doses of corticosteroids, subjected to organ transplant, or infected with human immunodeficiency virus Objectives of the study are to report a bloodstream infection in an immunocompromised patient.

Cloning and expression of the phenazine-1-carboxamide hydrolysis gene pzcH and the identification of the key amino acids necessary for its activity.

Phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), a phenazine derivative, can cause toxicity risks to non target organisms. In this study, the Gram-positive bacteria Rhodococcus equi WH99 was found to have the ability to degrade PCN. PzcH, a novel amidase belonging to amidase signature (AS) family, responsible for hydrolyzing PCN to PCA was identified from strain WH99.

The Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Pyogenic Pathogens Isolated from Porcine Lymph Nodes.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, pork remains the most consumed meat in the world. Consequently, it is very important to ensure that it is of the highest microbiological quality. Many of the pathogens that cause lymph node lesions in pigs are zoonotic agents, and the most commonly isolated bacteria are spp.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Rhodococcus equi strains isolated from foals in Chile.

Rhodococcus equi is responsible for foal pneumonia worldwide, with a significant economic impact on the production and breeding of horses. In Chile, the first case was reported in 2000, and since then, its incidence has been increasing. Distinctive characteristics of R.

Rhodococcus Equi: Challenges to Treat Infections and to Mitigate Antimicrobial Resistance.

Rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen and a soil saprophyte, is one of the most common causes of pneumonia in young foals. It poses a threat to the economy in endemic horse-breeding farms and to animal welfare annually. Many farms use thoracic ultrasonographic screening and antimicrobial treatment of subclinically affected foals as a preventive measure against severe R.

A Rare Presentation of Rhodococcus Equi Bacteremia as a Result of Right Upper Arm Cellulitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

is an emerging opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Owing to its resemblance to , , and , is frequently misdiagnosed as a contaminant, which can result in treatment delays. A 65-year-old man with a history of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) presented to the emergency room with pain and increased swelling in his right upper extremity.

Heterologous Expression and Function of Cholesterol Oxidase: A Review.

Cholesterol was first found in gallstones as an animal sterol; hence it is called cholesterol. Cholesterol oxidase is the chief enzyme in the process of cholesterol degradation. Its role is obtained by the coenzyme FAD, which catalyzes the isomerization and oxidation of cholesterol to produce cholesteric 4-ene-3-ketone and hydrogen peroxide at the same time.

Postmortem examination of equids >1-year-old with enterotyphlocolitis in Ontario: a retrospective descriptive study.

Equine enterotyphlocolitis is an inflammatory process of the intestinal tract of horses that is associated with multiple etiologic agents and risk factors. Most clinical cases do not have an etiologic diagnosis. We describe here the pathogens detected and the histologic lesions found in horses with enterotyphlocolitis in Ontario that were submitted for postmortem examination, 2007-2019.

Clinicopathological and Radiological Features of Cats Presented with Infectious Respiratory Disease Signs: A Focus on and .

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of involvement of common viral organisms and and their clinicopathological and radiological features in respiratory disease of Malaysian domestic cats. A total of 34 feline cases with acute/chronic infectious respiratory disease signs were followed prospectively to investigate respiratory disease due to and and their relationship with concurrent viral infections in disease manifestation. All sampled cats ( = 27) were positive for FCoV antibodies and negative for FeLV.

Rhodococcus equi-What is New This Decade?

Foals become infected shortly after birth; most develop subclinical pneumonia and 20% to 30% develop clinical pneumonia that requires treatment. It is now well established that the combination of screening programs based on thoracic ultrasonography and treatment of subclinical foals with antimicrobials has led to the development of resistant Rhodococcus equi strains. Thus, targeted treatment programs are needed.

Effect of plasma transfusion on serum amyloid A concentration in healthy neonatal foals and foals with failure of transfer of passive immunity.

Background: Anecdotal evidence suggests plasma transfusions increase serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in healthy neonatal foals making this marker of inflammation inappropriate for therapeutic decision making in such animals.

Hypothesis/objectives: Administration of hyperimmune fresh frozen plasma (FFP) increases SAA concentration in healthy foals and in foals with failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI).

Animals: Eighty-six healthy foals.

Differences in skin test reactions to official and defined antigens in guinea pigs exposed to non-tuberculous and tuberculous bacteria.

The single and comparative intradermal tuberculin tests (SITT and CITT) are official in vivo tests for bovine tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis using bovine and avian purified protein derivatives (PPD-B and PPD-A). Infection with bacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) can result in nonspecific reactions to these tests. We evaluated the performance of the skin test with PPDs and new defined antigens in the guinea pig model.

Mechanisms of BPA Degradation and Toxicity Resistance in .

Bisphenol A (BPA) pollution poses an increasingly serious problem. BPA has been detected in a variety of environmental media and human tissues. Microbial degradation is an effective method of environmental BPA remediation.

Specific preadaptations of Rhodococcus equi cooperate with its Virulence-associated protein A during macrophage infection.

Gram-positive Rhodococcus equi (Prescotella equi) is a lung pathogen of foals and immunocompromised humans. Intra-macrophage multiplication requires production of the bacterial Virulence-associated protein A (VapA) which is released into the phagosome lumen. VapA pH-neutralizes intracellular compartments allowing R.

Necrotizing Pneumonia Due To Rhodococcus Hoagii In A Patient With Advanced Retroviral Disease.

Rhodococcus hoagii is a well-known zoonotic disease, especially in foals. Its occurrence in humans is uncommon and usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of Rhodococcus hoagii infection resulting in necrotizing pneumonia in a patient with advanced retroviral disease who had defaulted treatment.

Evaluation of serum concentration of acute-phase proteins (haptoglobin and serum amyloid A) in the affected Arabian foals with rhodococcosis.

Background: Early detection of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals is essential for horse health and for veterinarians.

Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of assessing the serum concentration of acute-phase proteins (APPs) in the early diagnosis of pneumonia.

Methods: The study evaluated APPs in 19 Arabian foals with R.

Less Typical Courses of Infections in Foals.

This article aims to present several interesting and less typical courses of infections in foals, collected during the 2019-2021 foaling seasons in some Polish studs. The study was conducted by the Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, and concentrated on ultrasonographic contribution to diagnostics and treatment of the disease. Among many standard cases of rhodococcal pneumonia, some rare ones occurred.