Stream Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loads Are Differentially Affected by Storm Events and the Difference May Be Exacerbated by Conservation Tillage.

Storm events disproportionately mobilize dissolved phosphorus (P) compared to nitrogen (N), contributing to reduction in load N:P. In agricultural watersheds, conservation tillage may lead to even further declines in load N:P due to dissolved P accumulation in the top soil layers. Due to an increase in this management activity, we were interested in the impacts of conservation tillage on N and P loads during storm events.

Same-Sex Attracted, Not LGBQ: The Associations of Sexual Identity Labeling on Religiousness, Sexuality, and Health Among Mormons.

In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS church), beliefs about same-sex sexual attraction are carefully differentiated from beliefs about same-sex sexual behavior and identity, leading some to reject a lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer (LGBQ) identity label in favor of declining a sexual identity or describing themselves as experiencing same-sex attraction (SSA). Using data from 1,128 sexual minority Mormons recruited from both politically conservative and liberal circles, we examined the relationship between rejecting an LGBQ identity and religiousness, attitudes toward sexuality, and health outcomes. We found that Mormons who reject an LGBQ identity were significantly more religious and less content with their sexuality but had similar health outcomes relative to LGBQ Mormons.

Interplay Effect of Target Motion and Pencil-Beam Scanning in Proton Therapy for Pediatric Patients.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of interplay between spot-scanning proton beams and respiration-induced tumor motion on internal target volume coverage for pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: Photon treatments for 10 children with representative tumor motions (1-13 mm superior-inferior) were replanned to simulate single-field uniform dose- optimized proton therapy. Static plans were designed by using average computed tomography (CT) data sets created from 4D CT data to obtain nominal dose distributions.

Precise Ensemble Face Representation Given Incomplete Visual Input.

Humans can recognize faces in the presence of environmental noise. Here, we explore whether ensemble perception of faces is similarly robust. Is summary statistical information available from crowds of faces that are visually incomplete? Observers viewed sets of faces varying in identity or expression and adjusted a test face to match the perceived average.

Satisfaction and Health Within Four Sexual Identity Relationship Options.

Using a sample of 1,782 same-sex attracted (SSA) and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) identified participants, this study examined similarities and differences among those who are (a) single and celibate (SC); (b) single and not celibate (SNC); (c) in a heterosexual, mixed-orientation relationship (MOR); and (d) in a same-sex relationship (SSR). To reduce bias and increase generalizability, an ideologically diverse research team was formed. Participants in SSRs reported higher levels of some amount of satisfaction with their status (95%) compared to those in MORs (80%), those who are SC (42%) and those who are SNC (40%).

Structure and function insights garnered from in silico modeling of the thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A antigen.

The thrombospondin type-1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A) protein is known to be one of the antigens responsible for the autoimmune disorder idiopathic membranous nephropathy. The structure of this antigen is currently unsolved experimentally. Here we present a homology model of the extracellular portion of the THSD7A antigen.

Physiological responses to acute stress and the drive to eat: The impact of perceived life stress.

The stress-eating relationship is mediated by the release of cortisol from the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Variability in stress-induced eating, and consequently, obesity, may be explained in part by individual differences in chronic stress, which disrupts the regulatory effects of the HPA axis on stress-induced eating. A greater understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which chronic stress affects acute stress-induced eating is critical in order to inform efforts to prevent and treat obesity.

Aspergillus nidulans protein kinase C forms a complex with the formin SepA that is involved in apical growth and septation.

The Aspergillus nidulans orthologue of Protein kinase C (PkcA) and the A. nidulans formin SepA participate in polarized growth. PkcA localizes to growing hyphal apices and septation sites, and amino acid sequences within PkcA that are required for PkcA to localize to these sites of cell wall synthesis have been identified.

Biomolecular archaeology reveals ancient origins of indigenous tobacco smoking in North American Plateau.

Chemical analysis of residues contained in the matrix of stone smoking pipes reveal a substantial direct biomolecular record of ancient tobacco () smoking practices in the North American interior northwest (Plateau), in an area where tobacco was often portrayed as a Euro-American-introduced postcontact trade commodity. Nicotine, a stimulant alkaloid and biomarker for tobacco, was identified via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in 8 of 12 analyzed pipes and pipe fragments from five sites in the Columbia River Basin, southeastern Washington State. The specimens date from 1200 cal BP to historic times, confirming the deep time continuity of intoxicant use and indigenous smoking practices in northwestern North America.

Design of Potent Panobinostat Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Derivatives: Molecular Considerations for Enhanced Isozyme Selectivity between HDAC2 and HDAC8.

Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) are an important family of 18 isozymes, which are being pursued as drug targets for many types of disorders. HDAC2 and HDAC8 are two of the isozymes, which have been identified as drug targets for the design of anti-cancer, neurodegenerative, immunological, and anti-parasitic agents. Design of potent HDAC2 and HDAC8 inhibitors will be useful for the therapeutic advances in many disorders.

Examining the contributions of desirable difficulty and reminding to the spacing effect.

Although substantial evidence indicates that spacing repeated study events with intervening material generally enhances memory performance relative to massing study events, the mechanism underlying this benefit is less clear. Two experiments examined the role of reminding difficulty during the acquisition of material in modulating final memory performance for spaced repetitions utilizing recognition (Experiment 1) and recall tests (Experiment 2). Specifically, participants studied a list of words presented one or two times separated by one or five items.

The Preventable Shunt Revision Rate: A Multicenter Evaluation.

Background: The Preventable Shunt Revision Rate (PSRR) was recently introduced as a novel quality metric.

Objective: To evaluate the PSRR across multiple centers and determine associated variables.

Methods: Nine participating centers in North America provided at least 2 years of consecutive shunt operations.

Ultrasonic backscatter difference measurements of cancellous bone from the human femur: Relation to bone mineral density and microstructure.

Ultrasonic backscatter techniques are being developed to detect changes in cancellous bone caused by osteoporosis. One technique, called the backscatter difference technique, measures the power difference between two portions of a backscatter signal. The goal of the present study is to investigate how bone mineral density (BMD) and the microstructure of human cancellous bone influence four backscatter difference parameters: the normalized mean of the backscatter difference (nMBD) spectrum, the normalized slope of the backscatter difference spectrum, the normalized intercept of the backscatter difference spectrum, and the normalized backscatter amplitude ratio (nBAR).

Carbamazepine-induced suppression of repetitive firing in CA1 pyramidal neurons is greater in the dorsal hippocampus than the ventral hippocampus.

Medial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE)-the most common form of focal epilepsy-is defined by recurrent partial seizures originating within the medial temporal lobe. Such seizures are commonly associated with the anterior hippocampus (as opposed to the posterior hippocampus), and refractory to the currently available anti-epileptic drugs (AED) for about one third of patients. Unfortunately, the mechanisms driving seizure generation and AED efficacy along the longitudinal hippocampal axis remain poorly understood.

Three years in - changing plan features in the U.S. health insurance marketplace.

Background: A central objective of recent U.S. healthcare policy reform, most notably the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) Health Insurance Marketplace, has been to increase access to stable, affordable health insurance.

An Analysis of Publication Productivity During Residency for 1506 Neurosurgical Residents and 117 Residency Departments in North America.

Background: Bibliometrics is defined as the study of statistical and mathematical methods used to quantitatively analyze scientific literature. The application of bibliometrics in neurosurgery continues to evolve.

Objective: To calculate a number of publication productivity measures for almost all neurosurgical residents and departments within North America.

Employing hypothesis testing and data from multiple genomic compartments to resolve recalcitrant backbone nodes in Goodenia s.l. (Goodeniaceae).

Goodeniaceae is a primarily Australian flowering plant family with a complex taxonomy and evolutionary history. Previous phylogenetic analyses have successfully resolved the backbone topology of the largest clade in the family, Goodenia s.l.

How well do various types of support buffer psychological distress among transgender and gender nonconforming students?

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals experience an increased prevalence of many psychological disorders, leading many to reach out for support from family, friends, mental health professionals, and religious or community networks. Nonetheless, experiences seeking support are often negative, and many psychotherapists report feeling underprepared to work with TGNC clients. To better understand the experiences of TGNC individuals and better equip psychotherapists in their work with TGNC clients, we investigate which sources of support most successfully buffer psychological distress among TGNC individuals.

Correcting "confusability regions" in face morphs.

The visual system represents summary statistical information from a set of similar items, a phenomenon known as ensemble perception. In exploring various ensemble domains (e.g.

Developmental manganese, lead, and barren cage exposure have adverse long-term neurocognitive, behavioral and monoamine effects in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Developmental stress, including low socioeconomic status (SES), can induce dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and result in long-term changes in stress reactivity. Children in lower SES households experience more stress and are more likely to be exposed to environmental neurotoxins such as lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) than children in higher SES households. Co-exposure to stress, Pb, and Mn during early development may increase the risk of central nervous system dysfunction compared with unexposed children.

Association Between Household Food Environment and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain.

Background: Understanding the role of home food environment on gestational weight gain (GWG) may provide a useful weight management strategy to help reduce excessive GWG.

Materials And Methods: Pregnant women recruited between 2011 and 2014 (N = 165; normal weight N = 65, overweight N = 62, obese N = 38) in Arkansas completed measures of high-fat food availability, low-fat food availability, and food storage practices at baseline (4-10 weeks) and 30 weeks gestation. GWG was calculated as the difference between weight at the first (4-10 weeks) and final (36 weeks) prenatal visit, and based on each participant's baseline body mass index (BMI) category, GWG was classified as being above or within the 2009 Institute of Medicine's GWG guidelines.

Recurrent pregnancy loss evaluation combined with 24-chromosome microarray of miscarriage tissue provides a probable or definite cause of pregnancy loss in over 90% of patients.

Study Question: Will the addition of 24-chromosome microarray analysis on miscarriage tissue combined with the standard American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) evaluation for recurrent miscarriage explain most losses?

Summary Answer: Over 90% of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) will have a probable or definitive cause identified when combining genetic testing on miscarriage tissue with the standard ASRM evaluation for recurrent miscarriage.

What Is Known Already: RPL is estimated to occur in 2-4% of reproductive age couples. A probable cause can be identified in approximately 50% of patients after an ASRM recommended workup including an evaluation for parental chromosomal abnormalities, congenital and acquired uterine anomalies, endocrine imbalances and autoimmune factors including antiphospholipid syndrome.

Characterization of a polymer, open-cell rigid foam that simulates the ultrasonic properties of cancellous bone.

Materials that simulate the ultrasonic properties of tissues are used widely for clinical and research purposes. However, relatively few materials are known to simulate the ultrasonic properties of cancellous bone. The goal of the present study was to investigate the suitability of using a polymer, open-cell rigid foam (OCRF) produced by Sawbones.