A multiscale approach to balance trade-offs among dam infrastructure, river restoration, and cost.

Aging infrastructure and growing interests in river restoration have led to a substantial rise in dam removals in the United States. However, the decision to remove a dam involves many complex trade-offs. The benefits of dam removal for hazard reduction and ecological restoration are potentially offset by the loss of hydroelectricity production, water supply, and other important services.

Emergence phenology, uncertainty, and the evolution of migratory behavior in Anax junius (Odonata: Aeshnidae).

Mass migrations by Odonata, although less studied than those of Monarch butterflies and plague locusts, have provoked comment and study for many years. Relatively recently, increasing interest in dragonflies, supported by new technologies, has resulted in more detailed knowledge of the species involved, behavioral mechanisms, and geographic extent. In this paper we examine, in four independent but complementary studies, how larval habitat and emergence phenology interact with climate to shape the evolution of migratory strategy in Anax junius, a common species throughout much of the eastern United States and southern Canada.

Materializing Exposure: Developing an Indexical Method to Visualize Health Hazards Related to Fossil Fuel Extraction.

How can STS researchers collaborate with communities to design environmental monitoring devices that more effectively express their experiences and address gaps in regulation? This paper describes and shows the results of a novel method of visualizing environmental emissions of corrosive gases such as hydrogen sulfide (HS) exposure using photographic paper. HS is a neurotoxic and flammable gas that smells like rotten eggs and is frequently associated with oil and natural gas extraction. Communities living with oil and gas development in Wyoming report odors of rotten eggs and describe symptoms of HS exposure.

Objective Assessment and Thematic Categorization of Patient-audible Information in an Emergency Department.

Objectives: The objective was to assess and categorize the understandable components of patient-audible information (e.g., provider conversations) in emergency department (ED) care areas and to initiate a baseline ED soundscape assessment.

Cell membrane surface expression and tyrosine kinase regulate the osmolyte channel (skAE1) in skate erythrocytes.

A regulatory volume decrease response occurs when skate (Raja erinacea) erythrocytes are exposed to hyposmotic medium; they swell and then reduce their volume by releasing organic osmolytes (primarily taurine) and associated water. The response involves the red blood cell anion-exchanger skate anion-exchanger 1 (skAE1), which has been previously shown to be affected by tyrosine phosphorylation, to form tetramers and to change binding affinities to the cytoskeletal proteins, ankyrin and band 4.1.

The anion exchanger as an osmolyte channel in the skate erythrocyte.

Regulatory volume decrease occurs in fish erythrocytes by the release of osmolytes via a channel involving the anion exchanger (AE), also known as band 3. This review focuses primarily on work done on red blood cells from the skate (Raja erinacea) to further understand the activation, regulation and identification of this osmolyte channel. A model is proposed in which the reduction in intracellular ionic strength that occurs with increased cell volume may change the interaction between AE dimers and other cytoplasmic proteins (band 4.