Developing an ethical framework for the recruitment of people who inject drugs experiencing incarceration in HIV prevention research: a qualitative study.

Background: HIV disproportionately impacts people who experience incarceration. Incarceration represents an opportunity to engage in HIV prevention care for individuals who often experience a number of barriers accessing health services in the community. The development of evidence-based practices promoting pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention (PrEP) is crucial for ending the HIV epidemic within this highly marginalized population.

SLC25A21 correlates with the prognosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia through inhibiting the growth of leukemia cells via downregulating CXCL8.

In recent years, targeting mitochondrial apoptosis has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). The SLC25 family of mitochondrial carriers plays a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial function and regulating apoptosis. However, the role of SLC25A21, an oxodicarboxylate carrier, in AML progression and its potential as a prognostic biomarker remain underexplored.

Global burden of tuberculous meningitis in children aged 0-14 years in 2019: a mathematical modelling study.

Background: Tuberculous meningitis is fatal if untreated and can lead to lifelong neurological sequelae. However, to our knowledge, there are no data on the number of children affected by this disease. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden and attributable mortality of childhood tuberculous meningitis by WHO regions, age groups, treatment status, and HIV status in 2019.

Day-level associations among alcohol use, simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use, and both regretted and positive romantic/sexual experiences.

Background: Young adults who drink heavily, including those who simultaneously use cannabis, experience both positive and regretted romantic/sexual experiences. Both gender and past sexual assault severity may also play a role in the valence of romantic/sexual experiences. The current study focuses on day-level correlates of romantic/sexual experiences, assessing whether: (1) number of drinks or simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (vs.

Lab-grown, 3D Extracellular Matrix Particles Improve Cardiac Function and Morphology in Myocardial Ischemia.

The promise of injection of extracellular matrix (ECM) from animal hearts as a treatment of myocardial ischemia has been limited by immune reactions and harsh ECM-damaging extraction procedures. We developed a novel method to produce lab-grown human 3D acellular ECM particles from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to mitigate product variability, immunogenicity, and preserve ECM architecture. We hypothesized that intramyocardial injection (I/M) of this novel ECM (dia ~200 microns) would improve cardiac function in a post-myocardial infarction (MI) murine model.

Trends in Urology Residency Applications: Results from The Society of Academic Urologists Program Director Survey from 2022 to 2024.

Objectives: To provide a cross-sectional view of the current opinions surrounding the urology match by analyzing data from the annual Society of Academic Urologists Program Director Surveys conducted between 2022 and 2024.

Methods: Data collected through surveys distributed to all urology program directors consisting of questions covering program demographics, applicant selection criteria, preference signals, virtual interviews, and other relevant topics.

Results: 89, 90, and 89 program directors participated in the surveys for the years 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.

Hybrid Coronary Revascularization in Congenital Pericardial Absence: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Congenital pericardial agenesis is a rare condition that is frequently associated with abnormal intrathoracic anatomy, especially malpositioning of the heart within the thoracic cavity. In the setting of coronary artery bypass, these anatomic derangements can present surgical challenges that can necessitate incorporating complementary, non-surgical solutions for complete revascularization. CASE REPORT A 48-year-old male patient presented with acute anginal symptoms, with workup revealing severe, multivessel coronary artery disease, as well as partial absence of the pericardium.

The effects of message framing on US police chiefs' support for interventions for opioid use disorder: a randomized survey experiment.

Background: US chiefs of police hold significant influence over the perceived acceptability and appropriateness of interventions for opioid use disorder (OUD) among the public, elected officials, and subordinate officers. This study assessed whether police chiefs' support for such interventions was sensitive to framing an intervention's benefits in terms that emphasize public health and harm reduction outcomes, versus terms typically indicative of public safety outcomes.

Methods: A two-armed survey utilizing a randomized, between-subjects design tested framing-based variance in support among US chiefs of police for overdose prevention centers, syringe service programs (SSPs), Good Samaritan laws, police naloxone distribution, trustworthiness of officers in recovery from OUD, and related propositions.

Youth, caregiver, and clinician perspectives of youth Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in a psychological training clinic: lessons from early adopters.

This study examines the applicability and utility of youth Measurement-Based Care (MBC) in a community-based psychological training clinic. Considering the complexity of youth compared to adult MBC, there is an increasing need to expand the evidence base. This study investigated how doctoral students in clinical psychology managed the selection and usage of Patient Rated Outcome Measures (PROMs) for youth and their parents.

Proteoglycan 4 (Lubricin) and regulation of xanthine oxidase in synovial macrophage as a mechanism of controlling synovitis.

Background: Synovial macrophages (SMs) are important effectors of joint health and disease. A novel Cx3CR1 + TREM2 + SM population expressing the tight junction protein claudin-5, was recently discovered in synovial lining. Ablation of these SMs was associated with onset of arthritis.

The correlation between protein energy wasting and the incidence of main adverse cardiovascular events in adult maintenance hemodialysis patients: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

Background: Protein energy wasting (PEW) is prevalent in adult maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Concurrently, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a leading cause of mortality in MHD patients. However, the relationship between PEW and CVD in MHD patients remains unclear.

The Impact of the Advancing American Kidney Health Initiative on Search Patterns of Home Dialysis Options.

The 2019 Advancing American Kidney Health (AAKH) initiative aims to increase utilization of home dialysis for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but its impact on public awareness is unknown. We analyzed Google Trends data from 2013-2021 to compare relative search volumes for "home dialysis", "peritoneal dialysis", and "home hemodialysis" in the United States (US) versus globally before versus after the July 2019 AAKH announcement. An interrupted time-series analysis found steady pre-AAKH increases in search interest across terms and locations.

Neonatal Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Testing for Screening of Gestational Diabetes.

Background: Despite the prevalence and associated maternal and neonatal morbidities of gestational diabetes (GDM), there is no consensus regarding an alternative test for patients who cannot tolerate the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Objective(s): To assess neonatal outcomes among patients undergoing an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IV GTT) to screen for GDM when an OGTT could not be tolerated.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study which enrolled patients intolerant of OGTT between February 2019 to February 2020.

Deployment of a Machine Learning Algorithm in a Real-World Cohort for Quality Control Monitoring of Human Epidermal Growth Factor-2-Stained Clinical Specimens in Breast Cancer.

Context.—: Precise determination of biomarker status is necessary for clinical trial enrollment and endpoint analyses, as well as for optimal treatment determination in real-world practice. However, variabilities may be introduced into this process due to the processing of clinical specimens by different laboratories and assessment by distinct pathologists.

Recent advancements in biomarkers and molecular diagnostics in hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer.

Molecular applications have limited use in breast cancer compared to other cancer types. In recent years, with an improving appreciation of the molecular genetics of breast cancer and innovative novel targeted and immune-mediated therapeutics, opportunities have arisen for more biomarker analysis and molecular applications in the diagnosis and treatment of both locally advanced and metastatic breast cancers. In hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers, a growing number of revolutionized personalized therapies are in clinical use or on trials, such as CDK4/6 inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, and PIK3CA inhibitors in metastatic disease.

Child sexual abuse, adolescent/adult sexual violence, and sexual functioning among college women: a systematic review.

Background: Sexual violence, including childhood sexual abuse and adolescent/adult sexual assault, is a major public health concern, especially for college women. Sexual violence is associated with numerous negative consequences, including difficulties relating to sexual functioning. The current systematic review aimed to synthesize the existing research literature examining the association between sexual violence on sexual functioning among college women.

Associations of cognitive test performance with self-reported mental health, cognition, and quality of life in adults with functional seizures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

People with functional seizures (FS) have frequent and disabling cognitive dysfunction and mental health symptoms, with low quality of life. However, interrelationships among these constructs are poorly understood. In this meta-analysis, we examined associations between objective (i.

An initial randomized controlled trial of a Combined Medication and Behavioral Activation Treatment (CoMBAT) for people with opioid use disorder.

Introduction: Opioid use disorder is a chronic, relapsing disease and a major source of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) have been shown to reduce opioid use; however, MOUD maintenance is often suboptimal.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Factors Related to Outcomes in Depression Among Youth with HIV.

Purpose: This is a secondary analysis of a multi-site, cluster (site) randomized trial of the efficacy of a combined Health and Wellness Cognitive Behavior Therapy (H&W CBT) and medication management approach for depression in youth with HIV (YWH) compared to standard care. In this study, we explored the association between H&W CBT factors and depression outcomes after 24 weeks of treatment to discover treatment elements associated with symptom reduction.

Methods: Participants (12-24 years of age) were YWH in the United States (US) diagnosed with moderate to severe depression [Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), Clinician-Rated score ≥ 11].

Creating a plasma coordination center to support COVID-19 outpatient trials across a national network of hospital blood banks.

Introduction: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we rapidly implemented a plasma coordination center, within two months, to support transfusion for two outpatient randomized controlled trials. The center design was based on an investigational drug services model and a Food and Drug Administration-compliant database to manage blood product inventory and trial safety.

Methods: A core investigational team adapted a cloud-based platform to randomize patient assignments and track inventory distribution of control plasma and high-titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma of different blood groups from 29 donor collection centers directly to blood banks serving 26 transfusion sites.

Protein Kinase C-β Inhibition and Survival Signaling after Simulated Cardioplegic Ischemia/Reperfusion in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Human Coronary Arterial Endothelial Cells.

Background: Cardioplegic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury poses substantial challenges during postoperative recovery, with diabetic patients particularly susceptible to adverse events. Using a model entailing the subjection of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) to simulated cardioplegic I/R, we investigated the potential of protein kinase c β (PKC-β) inhibition to augment cellular survival in this context.

Study Design: HCAECs were isolated from harvested coronary arteries of diabetic (D) and nondiabetic (C) patients (N = 4 per group).

Correlation of anterior CSF space in the cervical spine with Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale score in adult females.

Objective: Craniocervical junction morphology has been associated with Chiari malformation type I (CMI) symptom severity; however, little is known about its deterministic effect on surgical outcomes in patients across age and sex differences. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of age and sex on surgical outcomes in CMI.

Methods: In the present study, the authors examined MRI-based morphometric data from 115 individuals diagnosed with CMI (54 adults including 39 women and 15 men, and 61 children including 24 girls and 37 boys) and correlated them with Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS) scores obtained 1 year after posterior fossa decompression.

Preventability of stroke during pregnancy and postpartum.

Background: The preventability of strokes during pregnancy and postpartum is understudied.

Methods: We identified patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in pregnancy or within 12 weeks postpartum between 2009 and 2020 at an obstetric teaching hospital. We described the clinical course of the included cases.