Thoracic Epidural and Intercostal Nerve Cryoablation in Multimodal Analgesia for Acute Pain Management of Rib Fractures: A Case Report.

Acute pain service was consulted for acute pain management in a 40-year-old male who had sustained multiple bilateral rib fractures following a fall injury. In addition to the rib fractures, the patient had also experienced injuries to his lungs and spinal column, both of which required surgeries. Considering the significant nature of pain due to his rib fractures, a multimodal pain management approach that included both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies was utilized.

Impact of Expanded Eligibility for Veterans With Other Than Honorable Discharges on Treatment Courts and VA Mental Health Care.

Background: US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) eligibility policies now allow comprehensive mental and behavioral health care services to be provided to veterans who received an Other Than Honorable (OTH) discharge upon separation from service. Research has shown a disproportionate mental health burden and elevated rates of criminal-legal involvement among these veterans. Eligibility policy shifts may impact programs and services designed to support veterans with criminal-legal involvement, such as veterans treatment courts.

Does muscle fatigue change motor synergies at different levels of neuromotor control?

We investigated the effects of static and dynamic fatigue on motor synergies, focusing on their hierarchical control. Specifically, we examined whether changes in fatigue influence the central nervous system's ability to preserve movement stability. In addition to exploring the direct impact of fatigue on motor synergies, we also analyzed its effects at two distinct levels of hierarchical control, aiming to elucidate the mechanisms by which fatigue alters motor coordination and stability.

The effects of experimental sleep disruption on daytime performance among children with asthma living in urban environments.

Objectives: Children with asthma living in urban environments are at risk for disrupted sleep due to the presence of nocturnal asthma symptoms and urban stressors. Suboptimal sleep can affect children's daily functioning. The current study examined the effects of experimental sleep disruption on daytime performance in children with persistent asthma from urban backgrounds.

Collaborative large language models for automated data extraction in living systematic reviews.

Objective: Data extraction from the published literature is the most laborious step in conducting living systematic reviews (LSRs). We aim to build a generalizable, automated data extraction workflow leveraging large language models (LLMs) that mimics the real-world 2-reviewer process.

Materials And Methods: A dataset of 10 trials (22 publications) from a published LSR was used, focusing on 23 variables related to trial, population, and outcomes data.

CT, MRI, and FDG PET/CT in the Assessment of Lymph Node Involvement in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Expert Consensus Definition by an International Collaboration on Staging Evaluation and Response Criteria Harmonization for Children, Adolescent, and Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma (SEARCH for CAYAHL).

Staging of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma is currently based on the Ann Arbor classification, incorporating the Cotswold modifications and the Lugano classification. The Cotswold modifications provide guidelines for the use of CT and MRI. The Lugano classification emphasizes the importance of CT and PET/CT in evaluating both Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma but focuses on adult patients.

High unmet needs for cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV in six African countries: A population-based study.

Background: Cisgender women living with HIV (WLWH) are disproportionately impacted by cervical cancer. Nevertheless, disparities in uptake and implementation of cervical cancer services persist in sub-Saharan Africa, where population-level estimates of screening coverage remain scarce.

Methods: We pooled data from nationally representative Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) surveys conducted in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (2015-2019).

Larger Perfusion Mismatch Volume Is Associated With Longer Hospital Length of Stay in Medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Prolonged length of stay (LOS) following a stroke is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Factors predicting LOS in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO), impacting up to 40% of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) cases, remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate the predictors of LOS in AIS-MeVO.

Real-World Impact of Uncontrolled Symptoms and Suboptimal Treatment Response in Patients With Crohn's Disease in the United States and Europe.

Background: Despite a wide range of available treatments, there is limited evidence as to why significant numbers of Crohn's disease (CD) patients do not achieve disease remission or continue to have residual symptom burden. We aimed to quantify the impact of this suboptimal treatment on patient symptom incidence and severity, quality of life (QoL), and work impairment.

Methods: Data were derived from the Adelphi Real World CD Disease Specific Programme, a cross-sectional survey of CD patients and their treating physicians in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States between January 2020 and March 2021.

Revitalizing interphase in all-solid-state Li metal batteries by electrophile reduction.

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries promise high levels of safety and energy density, but their practical realization is limited by low Li reversibility, limited cell loading and demand for high-temperature and high-pressure operation, stemming from solid-state electrolyte (SSE) low-voltage reduction and high-voltage decomposition, and from lithium dendrite growth. Here we concurrently address these challenges by reporting that a family of reductive electrophiles gain electrons and cations from metal-nucleophile materials (here a Li sulfide SSE) upon contact to undergo electrochemical reduction and form interphase layers (named solid reductive-electrophile interphase) on material surfaces. The solid reductive-electrophile interphase is electron blocking and lithiophobic, prevents SSE reduction, suppresses Li dendrites and supports high-voltage cathodes.

Life's Essential 8 and risks of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in individuals with PRISm and its associations with transition trajectories of PRISm.

Background: Although morbidity and mortality are reportedly increased in individuals with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), little is known about how to optimise PRISm-related health.

Aims: Is Life's Essential 8 (LE8) associated with mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in individuals with PRISm and with PRISm transition trajectories?

Methods: Participants with PRISm (n=31 943) with complete data on LE8 and 23 179 individuals with two spirometry measurements were included from the UK Biobank. Eight health components were used to create the LE8 score (0-100).

Impact of hospital readmission site on outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: a nationwide analysis.

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) significantly improves outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. There is limited understanding of how the site of hospital readmission after MT influences patient outcomes. Addressing this gap may be important for optimizing post-MT care and improving long-term outcomes for stroke patients.

Clinicopathologic characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer: a multicenter, population-based cohort study.

Purpose: To study the association between clinicopathologic characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer (IBC).

Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested in a multicenter, population-based cohort of 8175 women aged ≥ 18 years with DCIS diagnosed between 1987 and 2016 and followed for a median duration of 83 months. Cases (n = 497) were women with a first diagnosis of DCIS who developed a subsequent IBC ≥ 6 months later; controls (2/case; n = 959) were matched to cases on age at and calendar year of DCIS diagnosis.

Long-Term Immunity and Anamnestic Response Following Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach, this study determined the durability of HBV immunity and the prevalence of anamnestic response to a booster HBV vaccine dose in individuals previously vaccinated with a 3-dose HBV vaccine series as children or adolescents. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane from inception to 6/1/2023 and performed data extraction. Studies that included individuals with significant comorbidities or < 5 years of follow-up were excluded.

Videoconferencing Dysmorphia: The Impact on Self-perception and Desire for Cosmetic Procedures.

Objective: The authors sought to examine the association between the increased use of videoconferencing and image-enhancing software filters during the COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding rise in interest in cosmetic procedures. We aimed to discern if heightened exposure to one's digital self-image correlates with a greater inclination toward cosmetic interventions.

Methods: In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey study, adult participants living in the United States were recruited on Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform.

Enhanced Macrophage Uptake of Spray-Dried Phosphatidylserine-Loaded Microparticles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery Applications.

Macrophages are an integral part of the innate immune system and act as a first line of defense to pathogens; however, macrophages can be reservoirs for pathogens to hide and replicate. Tuberculosis, influenza virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are common diseases whose pathogens are uptaken into macrophages. Current treatments for diseases such as these are limited by the therapeutic delivery method, which typically involves systemic delivery in large, frequent doses.

Preliminary effects of oral ANS-6637, an ALDH2 inhibitor, on cue-induced craving, safety and alcohol consumption among adults with alcohol use disorder: a proof-of-concept, randomized, human laboratory trial.

Aims: We evaluated the safety, efficacy, and patient adherence to oral ANS-6637, a selective, reversible inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), for treating alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods: A 3-arm, double-blind, randomized, proof-of-concept human laboratory study embedded in a 5-week multisite clinical trial tested 200 mg and 600 mg daily doses of ANS-6637 compared to placebo in treatment-seeking adults with AUD. After 1 week of medication, participants completed an alcohol cue reactivity session.

Examining Baseline Relations Between Parent-Child Interactions and STEM Engagement and Learning.

Several studies suggest that children's learning and engagement with the content of play activities is affected by the ways parents and children interact. In particular, when parents are overly directive and set more goals during play with their children, their children tend to play less or are less engaged by subsequent challenges with the activity on their own. A concern, however, is that this directed interaction style is only compared with other styles of parent-child interaction, not with a baseline measure of engagement or learning.

Comparative Studies on Bulky DNA Damage Binding by Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins Using Surface Plasmon Resonance, Differential Scanning Fluorometry, and DNase I Footprinting.

Nucleotide excision repair is a crucial cellular mechanism that ensures genomic stability, thereby preventing mutations that can lead to cancer. The human XPC and its yeast ortholog Rad4 protein complexes are central to this process and were the focus of the study. We used surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry to study the binding characteristics of XPC and Rad4 when bound to the bulky cluster di-FAAF-containing 55-mer duplex DNA.

A juvenile spinner shark in southern New England: A rare visitor or a sign of change?

A juvenile spinner shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna, was captured and released in the coastal waters of Rhode Island, USA, where range delineations based on historic records of spinner sharks and the species' congener, the blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus, are plagued by misidentification. The shark in question was within the size range of neonates for C. brevipinna and bore a partially healed umbilical wound.

In-hospital Outcomes of Percutaneous Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients in Cardiogenic Shock Hospitalizations with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Analysis.

Background: There is a lack of data on the role of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients who received percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (pLVAD) as mechanical circulatory support (MCS) as an adjunct treatment for cardiogenic shock (CS) management.

Methods: Using National Inpatient Sample (2016-19), we extracted CS patients receiving pLVAD and divided them into CKD and non-CKD cohorts. Multivariate regression analysis was used for adjusted odds ratios for outcomes before and after entropy balancing (EB) and predictive margins for the probability of all-cause in-hospital mortality (ACM).

Prenatally Diagnosed Absent Septum Pellucidum and Septo-Optic Dysplasia: A Narrative Review and Practical Recommendations for Pediatric Neurologists.

Evaluation of the cavum septum pellucidum is required in standard second-trimester screening fetal anatomy ultrasound scans. The absence of septum pellucidum triggers further evaluation and referral for subspecialty counseling. Absence of septum pellucidum is linked to other midline anomalies including septo-optic dysplasia.