Impact of high maternal body mass index on fetal cerebral cortical and cerebellar volumes.

Objectives: Maternal obesity increases a child's risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. However, little is known about the impact of maternal obesity on fetal brain development.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 20 healthy pregnant women across the range of pre-pregnancy or first-trimester body mass index (BMI) and performed fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their healthy singleton fetuses.

Behavioral and sociodemographic correlates of sleep duration among children in Samoa.

Objectives: To describe sleep duration, adherence to sleep recommendations, and behavioral and sociodemographic correlates of sleep among Samoan children.

Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study of Samoan children aged 2-9years (n = 481; 50% female), primary caregivers reported usual number of hours of nighttime sleep during 2015, 2017/2018, and 2019/2020 data collection waves. Associations between behavioral and sociodemographic characteristics and sleep duration were assessed using generalized linear and mixed effect regressions.

Epigenetics in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the fourth leading cause of end-stage renal disease, contributing substantially to patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare system strain. Emerging research highlights a pivotal role of epigenetics in ADPKD's pathophysiology, where mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation significantly impact disease onset and progression. These epigenetic factors influence gene expression and regulate key processes involved in cyst formation and expansion, fibrosis, and inflammatory infiltration, thus accelerating ADPKD progression.

The gap between surgeon goal and achieved sagittal alignment in adult cervical spine deformity surgery.

Objective: Malalignment following cervical spine deformity (CSD) surgery can negatively impact outcomes and increase complications. Despite the growing ability to plan alignment, it remains unclear whether preoperative goals are achieved with surgery. The objective of this study was to assess how good surgeons are at achieving their preoperative goal alignment following CSD surgery.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of deep brain stimulation versus treatment as usual for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective neurosurgical option for patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite being more costly than neuroablative procedures of comparable efficacy, DBS has gained popularity over the years for its reversibility and adjustability. Although the cost-effectiveness of DBS has been investigated extensively in movement disorders, few economic analyses of DBS for psychiatric disorders exist.

Lung Cancer Screening in the Incarcerated Population Through a Community Imaging Partnership.

Limited data exist on cancer screening in carceral facilities. This study evaluates the feasibility and outcomes of a population-based lung cancer screening initiative in a carceral setting. This is a retrospective review of a lung cancer screening event at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections.

Site-level factors affecting nursing home implementation of a personalized music intervention: Qualitative analyses from Music & Memory: A Pragmatic Trial for Nursing Home Residents with Alzheimer's Disease (METRIcAL).

Background: Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) are preferred alternatives to using antipsychotic medications to manage disruptive behaviors in nursing home (NH) residents living with dementia. However, the implementation of these interventions is often complex in the NH environment. In this qualitative analysis of data from an embedded pragmatic clinical trial (ePCT) of a personalized music intervention, we describe NH-level implementation barriers and facilitators.

Paranoia, Functioning, and the Moderating Effect of Well-Being in a Community Sample of Adolescents.

Introduction: Paranoid ideation is a relatively common experience in adolescence, yet it has not been well-explored in relation to psychological well-being and functioning in general population samples of youth. The current study aimed to investigate the relations between paranoia (operationalized as "persecutory ideation"), well-being, and two domains of functioning, social (e.g.

Future Training Pathways in Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: Interventional Critical Care, Complex Coronary Interventions, and Interventional Heart Failure.

While there has been a proliferation of training and practice paradigms in the realm of noncoronary interventions, coronary disease remains the predominant pathology necessitating interventional cardiology expertise. The landscape of coronary disease has also experienced a significant transformation due to rapidly evolving technologies, clinical application of mechanical circulatory support and other device innovations, and increasing acuity and complexity of patients. The modern interventional cardiologist is subject to challenges including decreasing coronary procedural volume, need to maintain clinical and financial productivity, and often also requirements of continued scholastic pursuit.

Reconciling heterogeneous dengue virus infection risk estimates from different study designs.

Uncovering rates at which susceptible individuals become infected with a pathogen, i.e., the force of infection (FOI), is essential for assessing transmission risk and reconstructing distribution of immunity in a population.

Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Older Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Epidemiological studies have been inconsistent regarding an association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and risk of primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.

Methods: We studied 85,189 postmenopausal women (mean age 63 years at baseline) without known CVD at enrollment into the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1993-1998). PPI use was determined from medication inventories at baseline and Year-3.

Do Medicare Beneficiaries Under Accountable Care or Medicare Advantage Use Lower Quality Nursing Homes?

Background: With the growing number of Medicare beneficiaries attributed to Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) or enrolled in Medicare Advantage (MA) and their financial incentives to lower the cost of the cared patients, it is essential to understand how these alternative payment models affect post-acute outcomes among beneficiaries, with or without dementia diagnoses. In this study, we examined the quality of skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) that beneficiaries entered after hospital discharge under different payment models.

Study Participants: Medicare beneficiaries who were discharged from hospitals and admitted to SNFs between 2013 and 2018.

Cold-related mortality in U.S. state and private prisons: a case-crossover analysis.

Background: Cold temperatures are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and respiratory disease mortality. Due to limited temperature regulation in prisons, incarcerated populations may be particularly vulnerable to cold-related mortality.

Methods: We analyzed mortality data in U.

Attitudes, Beliefs, and Predictors of Gestational Weight Gain and Postpartum Weight Retention in South Africa: A Mixed Methods Analysis.

Suboptimal gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with pregnancy complications and postpartum weight retention (PPWR). Little data exists about GWG and PPWR attitudes and beliefs in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) to inform interventions. We examined GWG and PPWR attitudes, beliefs, and intentions among pregnant people, with and without HIV, in Cape Town, South Africa.