Low Bone Mineral Density and Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV in Kerman, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2021-2022.

Chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) are significant public health concerns for people living with HIV (PLWH), especially with the increased life expectancy because of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study evaluated the prevalence and associated factors of low BMD among 94 PLWH in Kerman, Iran, from September 2021 to February 2022. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMD was measured, with low BMD defined by specific T-scores and Z-scores.

Anti-SRP myositis: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Background: Anti-signal recognition protein (anti-SRP) myopathy is a rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in children. Herein, a 3-year-old patient with severe anti-SRP myopathy showing a rapidly progressive disease course is presented in order to increase the awareness of pediatricians about idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.

Case Presentation: A previously healthy 3-year-old girl presented with progressive symmetrical proximal muscle weakness that caused difficulty in climbing stairs for two months prior to evaluation, and a marked elevation of the serum creatine kinase levels.

Investigating the impact of microbiome-changing interventions on food decision-making: MIFOOD study protocol.

Background: Obesity is a multifactorial disease reaching pandemic proportions with increasing healthcare costs, advocating the development of better prevention and treatment strategies. Previous research indicates that the gut microbiome plays an important role in metabolic, hormonal, and neuronal cross-talk underlying eating behavior. We therefore aim to examine the effects of prebiotic and neurocognitive behavioral interventions on food decision-making and to assay the underlying mechanisms in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).

[Recommendations for clinical practice: Prevention and management of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection during pregnancy and the perinatal period (extended version)].

The Société de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Française released in 2024 a new national recommendation for clinical practice on the prevention and management of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection during pregnancy and the perinatal period. The previous recommendation was issued in 1998, at a time of anti-VZV immunoglobulins shortage; it has hence become obsolete. This recommendation is a formalized expert consensus focusing on infectious diseases management; it is drawn up by a multidisciplinary working group (infectiologists, obstetricians, pediatricians, microbiologists, midwives, hygienists).

Off-Label Use of Anakinra in Inflammatory Conditions in Neonates and Infants Up to 3 Months of Age: A Case Series and a Review of the Literature.

Background: Anakinra is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Since IL-1 has been shown to play a key role in the etiology of different autoinflammatory diseases, blocking its pathway has become an important therapeutic target, even in neonates.

Aims: We aimed to report our experience in using anakinra to treat specific neonatal inflammatory conditions.

Intestinal interstitial fluid isolation provides novel insight into the human host-microbiome interface.

Aims: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is composed of distinct sub-regions, which exhibit segment-specific differences in microbial colonization and (patho)physiological characteristics. Gut microbes can be collectively considered as an active endocrine organ. Microbes produce metabolites, which can be taken up by the host and can actively communicate with the immune cells in the gut lamina propria with consequences for cardiovascular health.

Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip: A Case Report.

Transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH), also known as bone marrow edema (BME), is an uncommon condition of unknown etiology. While transient osteoporosis usually affects the hip, it could affect other joints as well. The most common presentation is pain and it has been linked to reduced bone mineral density.

Advocacy in Action: International Patient Group Improves Hereditary Angioedema Diagnosis and Care Across the Asia-Pacific.

This study demonstrates that patient advocacy groups significantly enhance medication availability and improve diagnosis of hereditary angioedema (HAE), particularly in emerging economies within the Asia-Pacific region. This study supports integrating patient advocacy group involvement into management guidelines, emphasising their role in improving access to diagnostics and treatment for HAE.

Clinical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Framework of mHSPC and nmCRPC: A Multidisciplinary Consensus Project of the Italian Society for Uro-Oncology (SIUrO).

The recent evidences provided in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (nmHSPC) and in nonmetastatic castration resistant (nmCRPC) introduced the possibility to adopt Androgen Receptor Signaling inhibitor (ARSi) alone (both settings) or with chemotherapy (in mHSPC). In daily clinical practice there are some opening questions regarding the inclusion of next generation imaging, mainly PSMA-PET, how integrate local treatment as radiotherapy, how to select patients or drugs in a multiple-choice scenario, and how to manage patients with comorbidities and polypharmacy. These issues led the Italian Society for Uro-Oncology (SIUrO) to develop a consensus project involving all of the most important Italian scientific societies engaged in the multidisciplinary and multiprofessional management of the disease.

The association between sarcopenic obesity, sarcopenia and functional dependence, malnutrition, and mortality: the phenomenon of obesity paradox in sarcopenic obesity.

The aim of this study is to investigate the association between four phenotypes of sarcopenia/obesity in older individuals and functional disability, malnutrition, and all-cause mortality. This study is a cross-sectional study, survival is 3 years. A total of 487 Chinese older adults were included with 283 (58.

DNA-binding affinity and specificity determine the phenotypic diversity in BCL11B-related disorders.

BCL11B is a Cys2-His2 zinc-finger (C2H2-ZnF) domain-containing, DNA-binding, transcription factor with established roles in the development of various organs and tissues, primarily the immune and nervous systems. BCL11B germline variants have been associated with a variety of developmental syndromes. However, genotype-phenotype correlations along with pathophysiologic mechanisms of selected variants mostly remain elusive.

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse outcomes among vaccinated patients with tuberculosis.

Objectives: Limited data are available to assess breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections, medical utilization, and mortality in patients with tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to examine the risk of COVID-19 and severe outcomes in patients with TB between January 2020 and March 2022.

Study Design: US electronic medical records were used to identify TB and non-TB patients who completed the primary series of vaccination and had no prior COVID-19.

Are there atypical sites of IgG4 related disease in head and neck region? Personal experience and literature review.

Purpose: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a complex systemic fibroinflammatory condition with different clinical manifestations affecting multiple organ systems. Despite its rarity, the disease presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its mimicry of malignancies and other immune-mediated disorders. The 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for IgG4-Related Disease is the current state of art to confirm the diagnosis of IgG4-RD even in the absence of histological analysis.

Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Anti-Ku Antibodies: A Case Series of 19 Patients.

Antibodies against Ku have been described in patients with various connective tissue diseases. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, functional, and imaging characteristics of interstitial lung disease in patients with anti-Ku antibodies. : This single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary referral institution.

Clinical Profiles, Survival, and Lung Function Outcomes in ANCA-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: An Observational Study.

: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) have been found in interstitial lung disease (ILD) in recent years, although its impact on ILD prognosis is less known. To date, ANCAs are not included in the interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) definition criteria. Therefore, ANCA-ILD, in the absence of known ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), could be underdiagnosed.

How We Treat ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Focus on the Maintenance Therapy.

Recent progress has notably improved outcomes for patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), namely granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. Since 2021, several international scientific societies have recommended rituximab (RTX) as the preferred primary treatment for maintaining remission in AAV patients. Decisions regarding retreatment with RTX are based on individual patient risk factors for disease flare-ups and the potential consequences of such flares.

Exploring the Physical Activity Counselling for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis-Perceptions of Nurses and Physiotherapists.

Background: Physical activity is beneficial for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, little is known about how healthcare professionals counsel and support patients with RA to be physically active.

Aim: This study aims to explore nurses' and physiotherapists' perceptions of delivering physical activity counselling for patients with RA during routine follow-up appointments.

Translational and clinical comparison of whole genome and transcriptome to panel sequencing in precision oncology.

Precision oncology offers new cancer treatment options, yet sequencing methods vary in type and scope. In this study, we compared whole-exome/whole-genome (WES/WGS) and transcriptome sequencing (TS) with broad panel sequencing by resequencing the same tumor DNA and RNA as well as normal tissue DNA for germline assessment, from 20 patients with rare or advanced tumors, who were originally sequenced by WES/WGS ± TS within the DKFZ/NCT/DKTK MASTER program from 2015 to 2020. Molecular analyses resulted in a median number of 2.

Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological, pharmacological and surgical treatments for hand osteoarthritis in 2024: a systematic review.

Background: We aimed to update the 2018 systematic literature review on the efficacy and safety of treatments for hand osteoarthritis (OA), which was based on 126 studies.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search on randomised controlled trials from June 2017 up to 31 December 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool.

Diagnostic approach in Giant cell arteritis.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also known as temporal arteritis, is the most common form of vasculitis in the elderly. While initially described as involving the temporal arteries, GCA can also affect the aorta and its major branches. Despite the increased use of imaging modalities and the availability of temporal artery biopsy, diagnosing GCA remains challenging.

Multiomics dissection of human RAG deficiency reveals distinctive patterns of immune dysregulation but a common inflammatory signature.

Human recombination-activating gene (RAG) deficiency can manifest with distinct clinical and immunological phenotypes. By applying a multiomics approach to a large group of -mutated patients, we aimed at characterizing the immunopathology associated with each phenotype. Although defective T and B cell development is common to all phenotypes, patients with hypomorphic variants can generate T and B cells with signatures of immune dysregulation and produce autoantibodies to a broad range of self-antigens, including type I interferons.

Exploring Patient Activation and Compliance in Patients with Different Rheumatological Disorders.

This study aimed to assess patient activation using patient activation measure 13 (PAM-13) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and axial spondyloarthritis (axSPA). A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients with three rheumatological conditions (SLE, PsA, and axSPA). Patients were contacted either at the clinic or through social media platforms.