Hatching is modulated by microRNA-378a-3p derived from extracellular vesicles secreted by blastocysts.

SignificanceHatching from the zona pellucida is a prerequisite for embryo implantation and is less likely to occur in vitro for reasons unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by the embryo into the culture medium. Yet the role that embryonic EVs and their cargo microRNAs (miRNAs) play in blastocyst hatching has not been elucidated, partially due to the difficulties of isolating them from low amounts of culture medium.

Genome-wide investigation and functional analysis of RNA editing sites in wheat.

Wheat is an important cereal and half of the world population consumed it. Wheat faces environmental stresses and different techniques (CRISPR, gene silencing, GWAS, etc.) were used to enhance its production but RNA editing (RESs) is not fully explored in wheat.

Transcriptome unveiled the gene expression patterns of root architecture in drought-tolerant and sensitive wheat genotypes.

Drought is a big challenge for agricultural production. Root attributes are the important target traits for breeding high-yielding sustainable wheat varieties against ever changing climatic conditions. However, the transcriptomic of wheat concerning root architecture remained obscure.

Mass spectrometry analysis of human tear fluid biomarkers specific for ocular and systemic diseases in the context of 3P medicine.

Over the last two decades, a large number of non-communicable/chronic disorders reached an epidemic level on a global scale such as diabetes mellitus type 2, cardio-vascular disease, several types of malignancies, neurological and eye pathologies-all exerted system's enormous socio-economic burden to primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare. The paradigm change from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM/PPPM) has been declared as an essential transformation of the overall healthcare approach to benefit the patient and society at large. To this end, specific biomarker panels are instrumental for a cost-effective predictive approach of individualized prevention and treatments tailored to the person.

Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation on Murine Preadipocytes 3T3-L1 Cells Activated with Lipopolysaccharide and/or Tumor Necrosis Factor-α.

The beneficial effect of n-3 fatty acids can be related to anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the study was to analyzed the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on 3T3-L1 cells (murine embryonic fibroblasts‒preadipocytes) activated with inflammatory factors (IF). Cells were incubated with 50 µmol of EPA for 48 h, and then activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).

Food group intake of children and adolescents (6-18 years) on a vegetarian, vegan or omnivore diet: results of the VeChi Youth Study.

Plant-based, i.e. vegetarian (without meat and fish) or vegan (exclusively plant-based foods) diets are in trend also among children and adolescents, but data on food intake in this group are lacking.

CAD increases the long noncoding RNA in small extracellular vesicles and regulates endothelial cell function via vesicular shuttling.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as biomarkers and regulators of cardiovascular disease. However, the expression pattern of circulating extracellular vesicle (EV)-incorporated lncRNAs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is still poorly investigated. A human lncRNA array revealed that certain EV-lncRNAs are significantly dysregulated in CAD patients.

A proteomic view on lysosomes.

Lysosomes are the main degradative organelles of almost all eukaryotic cells. They fulfil a crucial function in cellular homeostasis, and impairments in lysosomal function are connected to a continuously increasing number of pathological conditions. In recent years, lysosomes are furthermore emerging as control centers of cellular metabolism, and major regulators of cellular signaling were shown to be activated at the lysosomal surface.

Bacillus firmus I-1582 promotes plant growth and impairs infection and development of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii over two generations.

Plant-parasitic nematodes wreak havoc on crops by root parasitism worldwide. An approach to combat nematode root parasitism is the application of antagonistic microbes like the rhizobacterium Bacillus firmus I-1582 which is promoted as biological control agent. Although B.

Plant parasitic cyst nematodes redirect host indole metabolism via NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS to promote infection.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in response to infections often activate immune responses in eukaryotes including plants. In plants, ROS are primarily produced by plasma membrane-bound NADPH oxidases called respiratory burst oxidase homologue (Rboh). Surprisingly, Rbohs can also promote the infection of plants by certain pathogens, including plant parasitic cyst nematodes.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Responses in a New Model Root-Knot Nematode Infection System Using and .

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most devastating pests in agriculture. Sw. (Turkey berry) has been used as a rootstock for eggplant (aubergine) cultivation because of its resistance to RKNs, including and .

The chromodepsins - chemistry, biology and biosynthesis of a selective Gq inhibitor natural product family.

Covering: up to April 2021The bacterial cyclic depsipeptides FR900359 (FR) and YM-254890 (YM) were shown to selectively inhibit Gαq proteins with high potency and selectivity and have recently emerged as valuable pharmacological tools due to their effective mechanism of action. Here, we summarize important aspects of this small and specialized natural product family, for which we propose the name chromodepsins, starting from their discovery, producing organisms and structural variety. We then review biosynthesis, structure-activity relationships and ecological and evolutionary aspects of the chromodepsins.

Oxytocin receptor is a potential biomarker of the hyporesponsive HPA axis subtype of PTSD and might be modulated by HPA axis reactivity traits in humans and mice.

This study aimed to identify yet unavailable blood biomarkers for the responsive and the hyporesponsive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis subtypes of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As, I, we recently discovered the intranasal neuropeptide oxytocin to reduce experimentally provoked PTSD symptoms, II, expression of its receptor (OXTR) has hitherto not been assessed in PTSD patients, and III, oxytocin and OXTR have previously been related to the HPA axis, we considered both as suitable candidates. During a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), we compared serum oxytocin and blood OXTR mRNA concentrations between female PTSD patients, their HPA axis reactivity subtypes and sex and age-matched healthy controls (HC).

Sublethal fluazaindolizine doses inhibit development of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii during sedentary parasitism.

Background: Fluazaindolizine is a new compound for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) with an unknown and novel mode-of-action. This compound is very effective against important PPNs. However, investigations elucidating the impact of sublethal fluazaindolizine doses on early nematode virulence and plant-nematode interaction parameters are lacking.

Tissue-Autonomous Phenylpropanoid Production Is Essential for Establishment of Root Barriers.

Plants deposit hydrophobic polymers, such as lignin or suberin, in their root cell walls to protect inner tissues and facilitate selective uptake of solutes. Insights into how individual root tissues contribute to polymer formation are important for elucidation of ultrastructure, function, and development of these protective barriers. Although the pathways responsible for production of the barrier constituents are established, our models lack spatiotemporal resolution-especially in roots-thus, the source of monomeric barrier components is not clear.

Objective method to evaluate the competency of residents in cardiac surgery.

Objectives: Cardiac surgery training has become more challenging as patients and their diagnoses become more complex. Our goal was to develop a multicategorical assessment model for evaluating residents in cardiac surgery. This model is intended to ensure goal-directed progress in their training as well as to recognize and support their surgical talents.

Rational drug design of 6-substituted 4-anilino-2-phenylpyrimidines for exploration of novel ABCG2 binding site.

In the search for novel, highly potent, and nontoxic adjuvant chemotherapeutics to resolve the major issue of ABC transporter-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR), pyrimidines were discovered as a promising compound class of modern ABCG2 inhibitors. As ABCG2-mediated MDR is a major obstacle in leukemia, pancreatic carcinoma, and breast cancer chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapeutics are highly desired for future clinical oncology. Very recently, docking studies of one of the most potent reversers of ABCG2-mediated MDR were reported and revealed a putative second binding pocket of ABCG2.

A Simplified Procedure for Biologically Oriented Alveolar Ridge Preservation: Clinical and Histological Findings From a Case Report.

Introduction: A recent systematic review failed to identify one approach for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) with superior outcomes compared with the others. The present case report presents a novel, simplified technique for ARP, namely the Biologically-oriented Alveolar Ridge Preservation (BARP), based on socket grafting and sealing.

Case Presentation: After extraction of tooth #19, the socket was filled with a collagen sponge up to 4-5 mm from the most coronal extension of the bone crest (deep collagen layer).

Molecular characterization and expression patterns of heat shock proteins in Spodoptera littoralis, heat shock or immune response?

The Egyptian cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), is a major agricultural lepidopterous pest causing extensive damage in a variety of crops including vegetable, cotton, fodder, and fiber crops. Heat shock protein (HSP) family members play important roles in protecting insects against environmental stressors.

Diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced breast MRI versus X-ray mammography in women with different degrees of breast density.

Background: Detection of breast cancer in women with high breast densities is a clinical challenge.

Purpose: To study the influence of different degrees of breast density on the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (CE-BMRI) versus X-ray mammography (XRM).

Material And Methods: We performed an additional analysis of two large Phase III clinical trials (G1; G2) which included women with histologically proven breast cancers, called "index cancers.

Epidemiological trends, predictive factors, and projection of tooth loss in Germany 1997-2030: part II. Edentulism in seniors.

Objective: This is the second part of a report on tooth loss in Germany 1997-2030. Here, we describe trends in the prevalence of edentulism in seniors 1997-2014, assess predictive factors for edentulism, and projected it into 2030.

Material And Methods: We used data from three waves of the cross-sectional, multi-center, nationwide representative German Oral Health Studies.

Microbes Attaching to Endoparasitic Phytonematodes in Soil Trigger Plant Defense Upon Root Penetration by the Nematode.

Root-knot nematodes ( spp.) are among the most aggressive phytonematodes. While moving through soil to reach the roots of their host, specific microbes attach to the cuticle of the infective second-stage juveniles (J2).

Host factors influence the sex of nematodes parasitizing roots of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes induce hypermetabolic syncytial nurse cells in the roots of their host plants. Syncytia are their only food source. Cyst nematodes are sexually dimorphic, with their differentiation into male or female strongly influenced by host environmental conditions.

Enhanced genome assembly and a new official gene set for Tribolium castaneum.

Background: The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum has emerged as an important model organism for the study of gene function in development and physiology, for ecological and evolutionary genomics, for pest control and a plethora of other topics. RNA interference (RNAi), transgenesis and genome editing are well established and the resources for genome-wide RNAi screening have become available in this model. All these techniques depend on a high quality genome assembly and precise gene models.