Integration of multi-omics transcriptome-wide analysis for the identification of novel therapeutic drug targets in diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most important complication of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in eyes. Despite its prevalence, the early detection and management of DR continue to pose considerable challenges. Our research aims to elucidate potent drug targets that could facilitate the identification of DR and propel advancements in its therapeutic strategies.

Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Therapy in Eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema, Vein Occlusion-Related Macular Edema, and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review.

Background: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has revolutionized the management of various ocular conditions, including diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal vein occlusion (RVO)-related macular edema (ME), and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). However, there remains a need to systematically assess its effectiveness across these distinct conditions.

Methodology: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies evaluating the efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy in improving ocular outcomes in patients with DME, RVO-related ME, and nAMD.

Regulatory T cell expansion prevents retinal degeneration in type 2 diabetes.

Background: The global incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing, with retinopathy being its most common complication and a leading cause of preventable blindness. Although the precise mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are not fully understood, defective immunomodulation is a recognized key factor in its pathophysiology. Regulatory T cells (Treg) regulate inflammation and promote regeneration, and while they are known to have important anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles in other tissues, including central nervous system, their role in the diabetic retina remains largely unknown.

Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: An Emerging Marker for Diabetic Retinopathy.

Background:  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global disease that is strongly associated with both microvascular and macrovascular complications. A significant proportion of individuals with diabetes develop diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication that can lead to blindness, particularly in working-age adults. Diabetes adversely affects the entire neurosensory retina, with accelerated neuronal apoptosis and activation or altered metabolism of neuroretinal supporting cells.

Unveiling the role of lipopolysaccharide-related genes in diabetic retinopathy: identification of key biomarkers and immune infiltration analysis.

Background: Growing evidence suggests a link between systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure and worsening diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aims to investigate DR's pathogenesis by analyzing LPS-related genes (LRGs) through bioinformatics.

Methods: The CTD database was utilized to identify LRGs.

Analysis of anxiety and depression status and their influencing factors in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. It has a serious impact on the mental and physical health of patients.

Aim: To evaluate the anxiety and depression status of patients with DR, we examined their influencing factors.

Attacking medical images with minimal noise: exploiting vulnerabilities in medical deep-learning systems.

Background: A change in the output of deep neural networks (DNNs) via the perturbation of a few pixels of an image is referred to as an adversarial attack, and these perturbed images are known as adversarial samples. This study examined strategies for compromising the integrity of DNNs under stringent conditions, specifically by inducing the misclassification of medical images of disease with minimal pixel modifications.

Methods: This study used the following three publicly available datasets: the chest radiograph of emphysema (cxr) dataset, the melanocytic lesion (derm) dataset, and the Kaggle diabetic retinopathy (dr) dataset.

Integrative analysis of PANoptosis-related genes in diabetic retinopathy: machine learning identification and experimental validation.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes, leading to severe vision impairment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms, particularly PANoptosis, underlying DR is crucial for identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study aims to identify differentially expressed PANoptosis-related genes (DE-PRGs) in DR, offering insights into the disease's pathogenesis and potential diagnostic tools.

Metabolomic studies reveal and validate potential biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy in two Chinese datasets with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and causes vision impairment and blindness. The presence of major risk factors for DR, such as high levels of HbA1c, does not predict all DR pathogenesis in the clinic, which suggests that uncovering the underlying mechanisms and identifying novel markers are needed. Previous evidence has shown that the serum metabolic signature of DR is unique and detectable compared with that of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Experiences of older adult Filipino-Americans surrounding eye surgery and factors in health decision-making: a qualitative study.

Background: The greater San Francisco metropolitan bay area is home to 270,000 Filipino immigrants and the second largest Filipino-American population in the United States. Despite this, Filipino-Americans are aggregated with the general "Asian-American" category, making it a challenge to obtain accurate population health data on social determinants of health. One area that is concerning is the lack of research on Filipino-American eye health experiences.

Effect of panretinal photocoagulation versus intravitreal bevacizumab injection on optic disc microcirculation in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Background: This retrospective study aimed to compare optic disc vasculature changes in 1 and 3 months after treatment with either panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or Intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: A total of 50 eyes of 29 diabetic patients without severe complications were included in this comparative case series. Of these, twenty-eight eyes (15 patients) were assigned to the PRP group, while twenty-two eyes (14 patients) were treated with the biosimilar (IVB) (Stivant CinnaGen Co.

Evaluation of the effect of melatonin treatment on telomere length of the retinal pigment epithelium in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of diabetic retinopathy and melatonin treatment on the relative telomer lengths (RTL) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.

Background: TL can be used to evaluate diabetes mellitus, its complications, and the effectiveness of its treatment. However, TL assessment has not been performed in retinal cells in a diabetic retinopathy model until now.

HDAC6 mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major blindness cause in developed countries, is intricately linked to diabetes management and its duration. Here, we demonstrate that HDAC6 mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation under diabetic conditions, leading to retinal inflammation and degeneration.

Methods: This study demonstrated the therapeutic effects of HDAC6 genetic ablation, pharmacological inhibition, and HDAC6-deficient bone marrow transplantation in a diabetes model induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet.

Clinicopathological Spectrum of Diabetic and Non-diabetic Renal Lesions in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: An Experience from A Tertiary Care Center.

Background & Objective: Diabetic patients often develop lesions called non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD), whose prognostic and therapeutic implications vary from diabetic nephropathy (DN). Since early identification of NDRD is associated with a better prognosis, we aimed to understand its spectrum.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-four patients were included in a cross-sectional study.

The association between fibroblast growth factor 21 with diabetes retinopathy among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of vision loss worldwide, is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) driven by chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular damage. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is crucial in blood sugar regulation and has been linked to DR incidence and severity. While some studies suggest that FGF21 levels may contribute to the DR incidence, others propose a protective role.

Molecular-Genetic Biomarkers of Diabetic Macular Edema.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness among diabetic patients, requiring effective diagnostic and monitoring strategies. This systematic review aims to synthesize current knowledge on molecular biomarkers associated with DME, focusing on their potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and disease management. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, covering literature from 2004 to 2023.

The Prevalence and Characteristics of Anemia in Romanian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Anemia is a prevalent comorbidity of diabetes, and although various mechanisms have been shown to link these two conditions, their interaction has not been sufficiently explored. Our cross-sectional, non-interventional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and its subtypes, as well as their interactions, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A total of 227 patients previously diagnosed with T2D were enrolled.

Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Study Using Real-World Data.

: This study aimed to assess the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treated in primary-care settings in Catalonia, Spain, and identify key risk factors associated with DR development. : A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the SIDIAP (System for Research and Development in Primary Care) database. Patients aged 30-90 with T2DM who underwent retinal screening between 2010 and 2015 were included.

Risk Factors for Cataracts in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most impactful health problems worldwide. It affects ocular health in multiple ways and is one of the leading causes of vision loss. Our study aimed to evaluate the most important systemic risk factors related to the occurrence of cataracts in patients with DM.

Diabetic Mastopathy: A Monocentric Study to Explore This Uncommon Breast Disease.

Background: Diabetic Mastopathy (DMP) is an uncommon benign fibro-inflammatory condition that occurs in women with long-standing diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type 1. It often mimics breast cancer (BC) in clinical and imaging presentations, leading to diagnostic challenges.

Methods: A retrospective monocentric study was conducted, analyzing clinical, radiologic, and pathological data from 28 women diagnosed with DMP over 10 years at the European Institute of Oncology.

CAD-EYE: An Automated System for Multi-Eye Disease Classification Using Feature Fusion with Deep Learning Models and Fluorescence Imaging for Enhanced Interpretability.

Diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, glaucoma, and contrast-related eye diseases are well-recognized conditions resulting from high blood pressure, rising blood glucose, and elevated eye pressure. Later-stage symptoms usually include patches of cotton wool, restricted veins in the optic nerve, and buildup of blood in the optic nerve. Severe consequences include damage of the visual nerve, and retinal artery obstruction, and possible blindness may result from these conditions.

Economic evaluation of an adjunctive intraocular and peri-ocular steroid vitreoretinal surgery for open globe trauma: Cost-effectiveness of the ASCOT randomised controlled trial.

Background: In the United Kingdom, it is estimated that 5,000 patients sustain eye injuries or ocular trauma requiring hospital admission annually, of which 250 patients will be permanently blinded. This study explores the cost-effectiveness of Adjunctive Steroid Combination in Ocular Trauma (ASCOT) given during surgery versus standard treatment in vitreoretinal surgery in patients with open globe trauma.

Methods: This economic evaluation was embedded alongside the ASCOT RCT (ClinicalTrials.

A novel contrast enhancement technique for diabetic retinal image pre-processing and classification.

Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness among individuals aged 18 to 65 with diabetes, affecting 35-60% of this population, according to the International Diabetes Federation. Early diagnosis is critical for preventing vision loss, yet processing raw fundus images using machine learning faces significant challenges, particularly in accurately identifying microaneurysm lesions, which are crucial for diagnosis.

Methods: This study proposes a novel pre-processing technique utilizing the Modified Fuzzy C-means Clustering approach combined with a Support Vector Machine classifier.

Enhancing diabetic retinopathy and macular edema detection through multi scale feature fusion using deep learning model.

Background: This work tackles the growing problem of early identification of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. The deep neural network design utilizes multi-scale feature fusion to improve automated diagnostic accuracy. Methods This approach uses convolutional neural networks (CNN) and is designed to combine higher-level semantic inputs with low-level textural characteristics.

Study of Imaging Biomarkers as a Prognostic Factor and Guide in the Management of Diabetic Macular Oedema.

Diabetic macular oedema (DME) is a major cause of vision impairment in individuals with diabetes mellitus, characterised by fluid accumulation in the macula due to increased vascular permeability. The growing prevalence of diabetes worldwide has led to an increasing burden of DME on healthcare systems. While current treatment options such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections, corticosteroids, and laser therapy exist, the variability in patient responses highlights the need for reliable prognostic tools.