Efficacy and accuracy of artificial intelligence to overlay multimodal images from different optical instruments in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) represents a group of progressive, genetically heterogenous blinding diseases. Recently, relationships between measures of retinal function and structure are needed to help identify outcome measures or biomarkers for clinical trials. The ability to align retinal multimodal images, taken on different platforms, will allow better understanding of this relationship.

Analysis of retinal sensitivity between acute and recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy by microperimetry.

Purpose: To evaluate the retinal sensitivity of macular region in acute and recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) using microperimetry.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. Twenty-five eyes of 25 subjects diagnosed with either acute or recurrent CSCR without any previous treatment were included in this study.

Total and horizontal distances of the foveal stereotaxic displacement can be prognostic indicators for patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane.

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the foveal stereo deviations in the different ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL) stages of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) and assess its predictive utility for the baseline and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Methods: Based on the calculational combination of foveal displacements in the horizontal and vertical axial optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, the foveal stereotaxic displacement was estimated through the total distance (TD, the distance from the foveal bottom to the inner edge of displaced central foveal) and horizontal distance (HD, projection of the TD in the retinal plane). The preoperative TD, HD, and other OCT- and OCT angiography (OCTA)-related indicators were obtained.

Immunology of Retinitis Pigmentosa and Gene Therapy-Associated Uveitis.

The underlying immune state of inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) has been an emerging area of interest, wherein the consequences have never been greater given the widespread recognition of gene therapy-associated uveitis (GTU) in gene therapy clinical trials. Whereas some evidence suggests that the adaptive immune system may play a role, the majority of studies indicate that the innate immune system is likely the primary driver of neuroinflammation in RP. During retinal degeneration, discrete mechanisms activate resident microglia and promote infiltrating macrophages that can either be protective or detrimental to photoreceptor cell death.

PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE SODIUM (ELMIRON) MACULOPATHY: A Genetic Perspective.

Purpose: To assess genetic associations for pentosan polysufate sodium maculopathy.

Methods: Genetic testing for inherited retinal dystrophy genes using exome testing and for 14 age-related macular degeneration-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using panel testing were performed. In addition, full-field electroretinograms (ffERG) were obtained to identify any cone-rod dystrophy.

Retinal vessel geometry in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane.

We investigated the associations between retinal vascular geometric measurements and idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). Whether changes in retinal vascular geometry are independent of systemic cardiovascular risk factors was also evaluated. This retrospective, cross sectional study included 98 patients with idiopathic ERM, and 99 healthy age-matched controls.

Retinal tissue and microvasculature loss in COVID-19 infection.

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that permanent capillary damage may underlie the long-term COVID-19 sequela by quantifying the retinal vessel integrity. Participants were divided into three subgroups; Normal controls who had not been affected by COVID-19, mild COVID-19 cases who received out-patient care, and severe COVID-19 cases requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission and respiratory support. Patients with systemic conditions that may affect the retinal vasculature before the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection were excluded.

Systemic Administration of Acazicolcept, a Dual CD28 and Inducible T cell Costimulator Inhibitor, Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis.

Purpose: Combined inhibition of CD28 and inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) pathways with acazicolcept (ALPN-101) represents a potential new treatment for uveitis. Here, we evaluate preclinical efficacy using experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in Lewis rats.

Methods: Efficacy was tested in 57 Lewis rats treated with either systemic (subcutaneous) or local (intravitreal) administration of acazicolcept and compared to treatment with a matched Fc-only control or corticosteroid.

Histology of Type 3 Macular Neovascularization and Microvascular Anomalies in Treated Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Case Study.

Purpose: To investigate intraretinal neovascularization and microvascular anomalies by correlating in vivo multimodal imaging with corresponding ex vivo histology in a single patient.

Design: A case study comprising clinical imaging from a community-based practice, and histologic analysis at a university-based research laboratory (clinicopathologic correlation).

Participants: A White woman in her 90s treated with numerous intravitreal anti-VEGF injections for bilateral type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Vitreous Fatty Amides and Acyl Carnitines Are Altered in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the vitreous humor metabolite profiles of patients with intermediate AMD using untargeted metabolomics.

Methods: We performed metabolomics using high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry on the vitreous humor of 31 patients with intermediate AMD and 30 controls who underwent vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane with or without cataract surgery.

PATHOLOGIC STUDY OF UNTREATED INTRARETINAL GLIOSIS SURGICALLY EXCISED VIA PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY.

Purpose: To evaluate the pathologic process of intraretinal glioses by investigating mass tissues resected from untreated eyes with intraretinal glioses.

Methods: Five patients with intraretinal gliosis without previous conservative treatment were included. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy.

Randomized Phase IIb Study of Brimonidine Drug Delivery System Generation 2 for Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeat injections of Brimonidine Drug Delivery System (Brimo DDS) Generation 2 (Gen 2) containing 400-μg brimonidine in patients with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: A phase IIb, randomized, multicenter, double-masked, sham-controlled, 30-month study (BEACON).

Participants: Patients diagnosed with GA secondary to AMD and multifocal lesions with total area of > 1.

Optic radiations representing different eccentricities age differently.

The neural pathways that carry information from the foveal, macular, and peripheral visual fields have distinct biological properties. The optic radiations (OR) carry foveal and peripheral information from the thalamus to the primary visual cortex (V1) through adjacent but separate pathways in the white matter. Here, we perform white matter tractometry using pyAFQ on a large sample of diffusion MRI (dMRI) data from subjects with healthy vision in the U.

Clinical outcome of diffractive multifocal lens versus monofocal lens in post-laser keratomileusis patients: A retrospective, comparative study.

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of diffractive multifocal and monofocal lenses in post-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) patients who underwent cataract surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective, comparative study of clinical outcomes that was conducted at a referral medical center. Post-LASIK patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery and received either diffractive multifocal or monofocal lens were studied.

Archway Phase 3 Trial of the Port Delivery System with Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration 2-Year Results.

Purpose: To report 2-year results from the Archway clinical trial of the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab (PDS) for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Design: Phase 3, randomized, multicenter, open-label, active-comparator-controlled trial.

Participants: Patients with previously treated nAMD diagnosed within 9 months of screening and responsive to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.

Progression of Stargardt Disease as Determined by Fundus Autofluorescence Over a 24-Month Period (ProgStar Report No. 17).

Purpose: To estimate the progression rate of atrophic lesions in Stargardt disease derived from fundus autofluorescence (FAF).

Design: International, multicenter, prospective cohort study.

Methods: A total of 259 participants aged ≥6 years with disease-causing variants in the ABCA4 gene were enrolled from 9 centers and followed over a 24-month period.

Incidence of post vitrectomy endophthalmitis in India - A multicentric study by VRSI study Group.

Introduction: The incidence of post vitrectomy endophthalmitis (PVE) is reported to be between 0.02 and 0.84%.

ROLE OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE POSTERIOR VITREOUS DETACHMENT AND ITS COMPLICATIONS.

Purpose: Currently, no consensus exists on the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging in the setting of acute posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). The authors outline the clinical utility of OCT in the management of acute PVD and its complications.

Methods: Literature review of OCT findings in association with acute PVD and report of illustrative cases.

DIRECT MACULAR HOLE MANIPULATION RESULTS IN HIGH SUCCESS RATE IN SECONDARY MACULAR HOLE REPAIR.

Purpose: To investigate closure rates and functional outcomes of surgery for refractory and recurrent macular holes (MHs) in a real-world setting.

Methods: Retrospective review of secondary MH surgeries.

Results: A total of 72 eyes from 72 patients were included.

Imaging Amyloid and Tau in the Retina: Current Research and Future Directions.

Background: The retina is a key focus in the search for biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) because of its accessibility and shared development with the brain. The pathological hallmarks of AD, amyloid beta (Aβ), and hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) have been identified in the retina, although histopathologic findings have been mixed. Several imaging-based approaches have been developed to detect retinal AD pathology in vivo.

Retinal microvasculature observations of fellow eyes after intra-arterial chemotherapy for unilateral retinoblastoma using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of the retinal microvasculature of the fellow eyes in patients with unilateral retinoblastoma (RB) after intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) through optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 11 fellow eyes of patients with unilateral RB receiving IAC (group I), nine fellow eyes of patients with unilateral RB receiving IAC and intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) (group II), and 14 age-matched normal eyes (control group). Optical coherence tomography angiography was performed on all individuals.

27-GAUGE PARS PLANA/PLICATA VITRECTOMY FOR PEDIATRIC VITREORETINAL SURGERY.

Purpose: To report on the feasibility of 27-gauge (G) vitrectomy for pediatric patients.

Methods: This study is an international, multicenter, retrospective, interventional case series. Participants were patients 17 years or younger who underwent 27-G vitrectomy for various indications.

Assessment of Murine Retinal Acuity Ex Vivo Using Multielectrode Array Recordings.

Purpose: Visual acuity, measured by resolution of optotypes on a standard eye chart, is a critical clinical test for function of the visual system in humans. Behavioral tests in animals can be used to estimate visual acuity. However, such tests may be limited in the study of mutants or after synthetic vision restoration techniques.