Comparison of The Results of Sponsored Genetic Testing Panels for Inherited Retinal Diseases.

: Gene therapy's emergence has made molecular diagnosis for inherited retinal diseases clinically significant. Free genetic testing panels have improved testing access in clinical practice, yet the interpretation of results, especially variants of unknown significance (VUS), remains challenging and requires expertise. This study shares our experience in utilizing sponsored IRD panel tests by Invitae and Blueprint Genetics (BG), reporting their positivity rates, and comparing their reclassification of variants through amendments.

Effect of manual OCTA segmentation correction to improve image quality and visibility of choroidal neovascularization in AMD.

In this retrospective case series on neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), we aimed to improve Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) visualization in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) scans by addressing segmentation errors. Out of 198 eyes, 73 OCTA scans required manual segmentation correction. We compared uncorrected scans to those with minimal (2 corrections), moderate (10 corrections), and detailed (50 corrections) efforts targeting falsely segmented Bruch's Membrane (BM).

Eye Adult Changes in Thought (Eye ACT) Study: Design and Report on the Inaugural Cohort.

Background: Conflicting research on retinal biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) is likely related to limited sample sizes, study design, and protocol differences.

Objective: The prospective Eye Adult Changes in Thought (Eye ACT) seeks to address these gaps.

Methods: Eye ACT participants are recruited from ACT, an ongoing cohort of dementia-free, older adults followed biennially until AD/ADRD, and undergo visual function and retinal imaging assessment either in clinic or at home.

A Clinician's Guide to Sharing Data for AI in Ophthalmology.

Data is the cornerstone of using AI models, because their performance directly depends on the diversity, quantity, and quality of the data used for training. Using AI presents unique potential, particularly in medical applications that involve rich data such as ophthalmology, encompassing a variety of imaging methods, medical records, and eye-tracking data. However, sharing medical data comes with challenges because of regulatory issues and privacy concerns.

How Generalizable Are Findings from a Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study? Extending Estimates from the Adult Changes in Thought Study to Its Source Population.

Background: The Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study is a cohort of Kaiser Permanente Washington members ages 65+ that began in 1994.

Objective: We wanted to know how well ACT participants represented all older adults in the region, and how well ACT findings on eye disease and its relationship with Alzheimer's disease generalized to all older adults in the Seattle Metropolitan Region.

Methods: We used participation weights derived from pooling ACT and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data to estimate prevalences of common eye diseases and their associations with Alzheimer's disease incidence.

Foundation models in ophthalmology.

Foundation models represent a paradigm shift in artificial intelligence (AI), evolving from narrow models designed for specific tasks to versatile, generalisable models adaptable to a myriad of diverse applications. Ophthalmology as a specialty has the potential to act as an exemplar for other medical specialties, offering a blueprint for integrating foundation models broadly into clinical practice. This review hopes to serve as a roadmap for eyecare professionals seeking to better understand foundation models, while equipping readers with the tools to explore the use of foundation models in their own research and practice.

Sociodemographic and Visual Outcomes of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Uveitis: IRIS Registry Study.

Purpose: Understanding sociodemographic factors associated with poor visual outcomes in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis may help inform practice patterns.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective cohort study on patients <18 years old who were diagnosed with both juvenile idiopathic arthritis and uveitis based on International Classification of Diseases tenth edition codes in the Intelligent Research in Sight Registry through December 2020. Surgical history was extracted using current procedural terminology codes.

Outer Retinal Thickness Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Normal Aging to Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: Research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and precursor states demonstrates a thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) compared to age-similar controls. Because AD and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) both impact older adults and share risk factors, we asked if retinal layer thicknesses, including NFL, are associated with cognition in AMD.

Methods: Adults ≥ 70 years with normal retinal aging, early AMD, or intermediate AMD per Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) nine-step grading of color fundus photography were enrolled in a cross-sectional study.

Diagnostic Role of Oral Fluorescein Angiography in Pediatric Ambulatory Clinics.

Oral ingestion of fluorescein can be done in ambulatory pediatric clinics. We show that oral ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography is a non-invasive approach to rapidly diagnose and manage a diverse set of pediatric retinal vascular diseases.

Aqueous Macrophages Contribute to Conserved CCL2 and CXCL10 Gradients in Uveitis.

Purpose: Uveitis is a heterogenous group of inflammatory eye disease for which current cytokine-targeted immune therapies are effective for only a subset of patients. We hypothesized that despite pathophysiologic nuances that differentiate individual disease states, all forms of eye inflammation might share common mechanisms for immune cell recruitment. Identifying these mechanisms is critical for developing novel, broadly acting therapeutic strategies.

Convolutional neural network-based classification of glaucoma using optic radiation tissue properties.

Background: Sensory changes due to aging or disease can impact brain tissue. This study aims to investigate the link between glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, and alterations in brain connections.

Methods: We analyzed diffusion MRI measurements of white matter tissue in a large group, consisting of 905 glaucoma patients (aged 49-80) and 5292 healthy individuals (aged 45-80) from the UK Biobank.

Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome of Unresolving Mydriasis Following Endocyclophotocoagulation Combined with Phacoemulsification.

Aim And Background: Combined endocyclophotocoagulation and phacoemulsification (ECP/Phaco) are uncommonly associated with complications. We present the first case of a rare complication following ECP/Phaco.

Case Description: A 72-year-old patient with dense nuclear sclerotic cataracts and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) underwent bilateral surgery uneventfully.

Epithelial ingrowth in descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty associated with vitreous loss.

Background: Epithelial ingrowth is a rare but potentially sight-threatening complication caused by the invasion of corneal or conjunctival epithelial cells into the eye during ocular surgeries. DMEK is emerging as a widely used surgery for endothelial keratoplasty with its improved safety profile. We describe a case of epithelial ingrowth in the graft-host interface after uneventful DMEK associated with vitreous prolapse in the anterior chamber.

A simplified sclerocorneal tunnel approach in performing pediatric cataract surgery.

Background/aims: Performing pediatric lensectomy, anterior vitrectomy with intraocular lens implantation in one session, using a long sclerocorneal tunnel and covering the incision site with 8/0 Vicryl sutures.

Materials And Methods: This study includes 52 eyes of 30 patients with pediatric cataracts. At the temporal side, the conjunctival peritomy was performed, followed by two long sclerocorneal side ports and the main incision for intraocular lens (IOLs) implantation.

Intravitreal aflibercept 8 mg in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (PULSAR): 48-week results from a randomised, double-masked, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial.

Background: Intravitreal aflibercept 8 mg could improve treatment outcomes and provide sustained disease control in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), with extended dosing compared with aflibercept 2 mg.

Methods: PULSAR is a phase 3, randomised, three-group, double-masked, non-inferiority, 96-week trial conducted across 223 sites worldwide. Adults with nAMD were randomised 1:1:1 to aflibercept 8 mg every 12 weeks (8q12), aflibercept 8 mg every 16 weeks (8q16), or aflibercept 2 mg every 8 weeks (2q8), following three initial monthly doses in all groups.

Cataract surgery with new monofocal intraocular lens enhanced for intermediate vision and standard monofocal intraocular lens for retinal disorder.

Aim: To investigate the difference in the initial surgical results between a new monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) with enhanced intermediate vision and the standard monofocal IOL in patients with retinal disease.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with retinal disease who underwent cataract surgery due to accompanying cataracts. Types of retinal diseases were investigated and best-corrected distant visual acuity, distant uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), intermediate UCVA, near UCVA, and spherical equivalent were recorded at each visit.

Supraperiosteal fat repositioning with midface lift in lower eyelid blepharoplasty: an 18-year experience.

Purpose: To assess the clinical outcomes of fat repositioning via supraperiosteal dissection with midface lift for correction of tear trough deformity in a large Asian patient population.

Methods: Retrospectively review 1152 Asian patients who underwent fat repositioning to the supraperiosteal plane with a midface lift between 2005 and 2022. Surgical technique, postoperative course, and complications were recorded.

Self-Supervised Learning for Improved Optical Coherence Tomography Detection of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2.

Importance: Deep learning image analysis often depends on large, labeled datasets, which are difficult to obtain for rare diseases.

Objective: To develop a self-supervised approach for automated classification of macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) with limited labeled data.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective comparative study.

septicemia presenting as endogenous endophthalmitis.

Purpose: To present a rarely reported systemic infection with (), transmitted from a horse, and to describe successful treatment when complicated by endogenous endophthalmitis.

Observations: We diagnosed suspected septicemia presenting as loss of vision in the right eye of an otherwise healthy polo player/horse trainer. He received immediate intravenous antibiotics and three vitrectomies with two intravitreal antibiotic injections during the first week, to cure infection and subsequent retinal detachment.

Innate immune responsive inflammation in development of progressive myopia.

Purpose: Inflammation has been implicated for development of myopia. It is not clear when inflammation is kicked in during the course of myopia, and what characteristics of the inflammation. In this study, we tested for cytokines from aqueous humour of eyes with wide spectrum of refractive status for profiling the inflammation.

Selective retina therapy with real-time feedback-controlled technology in central serous chorioretinopathy: a 24-month follow-up real-world prospective study.

Objective: Although central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) treatment using selective retinal therapy (SRT) has presented favourable outcomes, no long-term studies with a real-world clinical practice regimen have been conducted.

Methods And Analysis: We performed a long-term assessment of CSC treatment using SRT with real-time feedback (RTF) technology. 50 patients (53 eyes) with CSC and more than a 1-month symptom duration were recruited and treated with SRT using a 1.

25-GAUGE VERSUS 27-GAUGE VITRECTOMY FOR MANAGEMENT OF VITREORETINAL DISEASES: A Large Prospective Randomized Trial.

Purpose: To compare the safety and performance clinical outcomes of the 27-gauge (G) two-dimensional cutting vitrectomy probe versus a standard 25-G probe for retinal procedures.

Methods: In this large randomized prospective study, all candidates for epiretinal membrane or macular hole surgery were randomized to the 27-G group or 25-G group. Outcome measures included surgery time, changes in best-corrected distance visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and central macular thickness between baseline and 1-month and 3-month follow-up time points.

The performance of a deep learning system in assisting junior ophthalmologists in diagnosing 13 major fundus diseases: a prospective multi-center clinical trial.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic systems have been reported to improve fundus disease screening in previous studies. This multicenter prospective self-controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a deep learning system (DLS) in assisting junior ophthalmologists in detecting 13 major fundus diseases. A total of 1493 fundus images from 748 patients were prospectively collected from five tertiary hospitals in China.