Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP).

Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP) is recognized as a distinct entity among various types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP). It is identified histologically by the nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern. A diagnosis of iNSIP is feasible once secondary causes or underlying diseases are ruled out.

A rare case of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to chlorine gas inhalation: Rapid progression with favorable ICU outcome.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to chlorine gas inhalation is a rare yet critical condition that can lead to severe respiratory failure if not managed promptly. This case report presents a 43-year-old male who developed ARDS after accidental exposure to chlorine gas during pool maintenance. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly, with symptoms progressing to acute pulmonary edema and severe hypoxemia, requiring immediate transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Outcomes of Combined Atezolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in Clinical Practice.

Background/aim: Atezolizumab, one of the anti-PD-L1 antibodies, targets PD-L1 expressed on cancer cells and antigen-presenting cells. This immune checkpoint inhibitor is now commonly used in combination with chemotherapy. The objectives of this study were to confirm the treatment outcomes of combined atezolizumab plus chemotherapy, and to identify prognostic factors, with a particular focus on the impact of the site of metastasis in real-world clinical practice.

Predictive Factors for Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Objective Community-acquired pneumonia is an acute infectious disease with potentialy life-threatening consequences. Because invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) requires the attention of many medical staff, early risk prediction at the time of admission is expected to lead to a predictable course of patient care and the appropriate allocation of medical resources. There are a limited number of reports on predictive factors for IMV, such as SMART-COP.

TRACERx analysis identifies a role for FAT1 in regulating chromosomal instability and whole-genome doubling via Hippo signalling.

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is common in solid tumours and fuels evolutionary adaptation and poor prognosis by increasing intratumour heterogeneity. Systematic characterization of driver events in the TRACERx non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort identified that genetic alterations in six genes, including FAT1, result in homologous recombination (HR) repair deficiencies and CIN. Using orthogonal genetic and experimental approaches, we demonstrate that FAT1 alterations are positively selected before genome doubling and associated with HR deficiency.

Characterization of Serum Cytokine Patterns in Frequent-Exacerbation Asthma: Implications for Phenotyping and Management.

(1) Background: Asthma exacerbations represent significant clinical events, however, the underlying inflammatory mechanisms and cytokine profiles in patients with frequent exacerbations remain incompletely understood; (2) Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study of 120 stable asthma patients, we compared the serum concentrations of eight key cytokines (IL-4, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β) between two groups: 60 patients with frequent exacerbations (≥ 2 events per year) and 60 matched controls with few exacerbations (1 event per year); (3) Results: Patients with frequent exacerbations showed significantly higher serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-13 ( < 0.05), along with an increased prevalence of allergic history and comorbidities (chronic rhinosinusitis, GERD, OSA; all < 0.05).

Real-World Safety, Tolerability and Effectiveness of Nintedanib in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Final Report of Post-marketing Surveillance in Japan.

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial pneumonia, which is characterised by progressive worsening of dyspnoea and lung function. Nintedanib treatment is recommended to slow IPF disease progression. The aim of this post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of nintedanib over 24 months in patients with IPF in a real-world setting in Japan.

Surgical management of a huge mediastinal mature teratoma in a 2-year-old girl: a case report.

Background: Mature teratomas are benign cystic tumors that are most commonly asymptomatic. However, in some cases, mediastinal teratomas rupture the lungs and mediastinum with potentially fatal outcomes. Herein, we report a case of a large mediastinal mature teratoma that expanded to the entire left hemithorax in a child with common cold-like symptoms.

A 7-point evidence-based care discharge protocol for patients hospitalized for exacerbation of COPD: consensus strategy and expert recommendation.

Acute exacerbations of COPD (ECOPD) are an important event in the life of a COPD patient as it causes significant deterioration of physical, mental, and social health, hastens disease progression, increases the risk of dying and causes a huge economic loss. Preventing ECOPD is therefore one of the most important goals in the management of COPD. Before the patient is discharged after hospitalization for ECOPD, it is crucial to offer an evidence-based care bundle protocol that will help minimize the future risk of readmissions and death.

RNA sensing induced by chromosome missegregation augments anti-tumor immunity.

Viral mimicry driven by endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stimulates innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the mechanisms that regulate dsRNA-forming transcripts during cancer therapy remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that dsRNA is significantly accumulated in cancer cells following pharmacologic induction of micronuclei, stimulating mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS)-mediated dsRNA sensing in conjunction with the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.

Hyperenhancement of LA Wall by Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Late Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI and Recurrence of AF After Catheter Ablation.

: This study investigated the relationship between LA (LA) enhancement on three-dimensional (3D) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) MRI and recurrence after catheter ablation in patients with AF (AF). : A total of one hundred patients with AF (mean age: 68 ± 9 years, 50% with paroxysmal AF) were included in this study. Each patient underwent a high-resolution 3D LGE MRI prior to catheter ablation, allowing for detailed imaging of the LA wall.

[Emergency Surgery for Iatrogenic Injury to the Trachea During Emergency Tracheal Intubation].

An 86-year-old woman lost consciousness at home. Tracheal intubation was performed in the ambulance during transport to our hospital. Computed tomography (CT) showed right putaminal hemorrhage in her brain, right pneumothorax, and mediastinal emphysema.

Predictive validity of interleukin 6 (IL-6) for the mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients with the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant in Vietnam: a single-centre, cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To investigate the serum IL-6 levels and their rate of change in predicting the mortality of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Vietnam.

Design: A single-centre, cross-sectional study.

Setting: An Intensive Care Centre for the Treatment of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Bilevel positive airway pressure treatment of sleep apnea syndrome in a patient with Crouzon syndrome.

Crouzon syndrome (CS) is a hereditary disorder characterized by deformities of the face and skull brought on by syndromic craniosynostosis or the premature fusion of coronal sutures. Pediatric patients with Crouzon syndrome have a high likelihood of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS), primarily due to skeletal hypoplasia and facial dysmorphism. Treatment of OSAS in patients with Crouzon syndrome requires multidisciplinary and sequential treatment planning because Crouzon syndrome often has different phenotypes with varying severity in OSA and facial dysmorphism.

Prognostic Factors for Patients with Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Chemoimmunotherapy: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate prognostic factors for predicting the survival of patients with extensive-disease-stage small-cell lung cancer treated with chemoimmunotherapy.

Methods: Patients were classified according to overall survival (OS): favorable corresponded to an OS ≥ 24 months, moderate corresponded to an OS of 6-24 months, and poor corresponded to an OS < 6 months. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate prognostic factors.

Adherence to long-term non-invasive positive airway pressure therapy.

Introduction: Studies have shown varying patient adherence to long-term non-invasive positive airway pressure therapy (nPAP). We aimed to investigate adherence to long-term nPAP in a Danish cohort of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency and/or sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) due to neuromuscular disorders (NMD), obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) or other reasons.

Methods: This cohort study included all adult patients with association to the Respiratory Center East treated with long-term nPAP: bilevel (BiPAP), automatic (APAP) and continuous (CPAP) or adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) with a remote monitoring system in April 2022.