In Vivo UV-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Skin in Parkinson's Disease.

Characteristic patterns of UV-induced skin autofluorescence were determined for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and associated with dysmetabolic alterations, such as nonenzymatic protein glycation, an increase in extracellular matrix stiffness, impaired metabolism of tissue fluorophores, mitochondrial dysfunction, and accumulation of aberrant proteins. Key differences in skin autofluorescence spectra were for the first time observed in PD, making it possible to discriminate between PD patients and healthy persons or individuals without signs of chronic neurodegeneration. Namely, skin fluorescence related to the reflected signal upon excitation with UV light at 375 nm was lower in PD patients.

An Inactivated West Nile Virus Vaccine Candidate Based on the Lineage 2 Strain.

: West Nile virus (WNV) is a rapidly growing problem worldwide. The lack of emergency treatment and a safe licensed vaccine against WNV allows the virus to cause sporadic outbreaks of human disease, including fatal cases. Formalin-inactivated vaccines have been used for a long time and have been shown to be very safe and effective, especially in susceptible populations.

Pathobiochemistry of Aging and Neurodegeneration: Deregulation of NAD+ Metabolism in Brain Cells.

NAD+ plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism and adaptation to external stimuli and stressful conditions. A significant reduction in intracellular NAD+ levels is associated with aging and contributes to the development of chronic cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases. It is of particular importance to maintain optimal levels of NAD+ in cells with high energy consumption, particularly in the brain.

Activation of Microglia and Astroglia in Unilateral Focal Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.

The number of microglia cells and astrocytes in layer V of the cerebral cortex was estimated on day 7 after damage caused by a unilateral focal traumatic brain injury of the left hemisphere sensorimotor cortex. Quantitative assessment was performed by counting immunocytochemically stained microglia cells (Iba1 marker) and activated astrocytes (GFAP) at different distances from the lesion site. Activation of microglial and astroglial cells was observed not only in the marginal zone of the lesion of the left hemisphere, but also in the intact hemisphere.

[Comorbid anxiety disorders in patients with neurological pathology: current state of the problem and the role of etifoxine in treatment strategy].

The article presents theses of the resolution of the Interdisciplinary Council of Experts in Psychiatry and Neurology (Moscow, 2024) on the issue of comorbid anxiety disorders (AD) in patients with neurological pathologies. The authors highlight the high prevalence of comorbid ADs and their significant negative impact on the course of underlying diseases, such as epilepsy, pain syndromes and post-stroke conditions. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of ADs in this group of patients are discussed.

[Oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in disorders of cerebral circulation].

At the present stage, great progress has been achieved in understanding the mechanisms of the development of cerebral ischemia. This became possible due to the achievements of theoretical disciplines, in connection with which the general biological approach was formed in the study of pathogenesis of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders (CVD). The discovery of pathways of free radical oxidation in cerebral ischemia made it possible to substantiate and develop therapeutic strategies using drugs with antioxidant and neuroprotective activity.

[Neurological complications resulting of nitrous oxide intoxication].

Nitrous oxide (NO) intoxication is a common consequence of its inhalation with recreational purpose, which is prevalent among young people. The most severe result of such an entertainment is development of myelopolyneuropathy with polyneuropathy as the most common presentation, which may start acutely or subacutely. The underlying cause of neurological complications of NO intoxication is deficit of B vitamin, however its laboratory confirmation may be challenging.

[The relationship of diet and nutrition with the frequency of migraine attacks].

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of diet and food components with the frequency of migraine attacks.

Material And Methods: Sixty patients (mean age 35.5±8.

Interaction Between Allopregnanolone and Amiloride Binding Sites on the GABA Receptor.

Allopregnanolone (Allo) is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA receptor, and amiloride (Ami) is a competitive antagonist of the GABA receptor. The purpose of this work was to study the combined effect of Allo and Ami on functional activity of GABA receptor. The GABA-induced chloride current (I) was measured in isolated Purkinje cells of rat cerebellum using the patch-clamp technique and a system of fast application.

Neuroanatomical correlates of language impairment in non-fluent variant of primary progressive aphasia.

Introduction: Non-fluent variant of primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a predominantly speech and language impairment. Apraxia of speech and expressive agrammatisms along with decreased speech fluency and impaired grammar comprehension are the most typical disorder manifestations but with the course of the disease other language disturbances may also arise. Most studies have investigated these symptoms individually, and there is still no consensus on whether they have similar or different neuroanatomical foundations in nfvPPA.

Visual-Spatial Search in Neglect Syndrome as a Function of the Number of Stimuli in the Hemifields.

Background: Neglect syndrome is a serious condition that often affects the ability to perform visual-spatial search tasks, interfering with the ability to detect stimuli on the left side of space. A number of factors can affect the success of visual search in patients with neglect syndrome, including visual field load. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the number of stimuli in the right visual hemifield influences the efficiency of visual search in the left (neglected) hemifield, hypothesizing that an increased object load on the right side may impair search performance on the left.

Mitochondrial Dynamics in Brain Cells During Normal and Pathological Aging.

Mitochondrial dynamics significantly play a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, characterized by impaired fission and fusion processes mediated by a number of proteins, in particular, Drp1, Mfn1, Mfn2, Opa1, and PGC-1α, contributes to neuronal vulnerability and degeneration. Insufficient mitophagy and disrupted mitochondrial transport exacerbate oxidative stress and neurotoxicity.

High heterogeneity of cross-reactive immunoglobulins in multiple sclerosis presumes combining of B-cell epitopes for diagnostics: a case-control study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease triggered by a combination of genetic traits and external factors. Autoimmune nature of MS is proven by the identification of pathogenic T cells, but the role of autoantibody-producing B cells is less clear. A comprehensive understanding of the development of neuroinflammation and the identification of targeted autoantigens are crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Molecular Mechanisms of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 17.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor and cognitive decline, leading to severe disability and death. SCA17 is caused by a CAG repeat expansion mutation in the TBP gene, resulting in the production of an abnormally long polyglutamine tract, which classifies it as a polyglutamine disorder. At present, there is no effective treatment for SCA17, and existing therapies provide only symptomatic relief.

Kainate-Induced Reorganization the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampus Is Accompanied by Activation of Mitochondrial Fission in the Granular Layer Neurons.

The reorganization of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and changes in mitochondrial fission were evaluated using the kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy. In 28 days after administration of 0.5 μg kainic acid, disturbances in the distribution of neuronal precursors in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, thickening of the granular layer, and an increase in the content of synaptophysin in the molecular layer were detected.

[Brain magnetic resonance imaging features in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy].

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the most common inherited mitochondrial disease, characterized by the development of bilateral partial optic nerve atrophy. Modern neuroimaging technologies enable the acquisition of high-quality images, allowing for the evaluation of all structural components of the orbits, including the optic nerve. Consequently, the relevance of performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with LHON has increased.

Analysis of Expression of the , , , , and Genes in Peripheral Blood of the Patients with Parkinson's Disease in the Early Clinical Stages.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases. An important feature of the disease is its long latent period, which necessitates search for prognostic biomarkers. One method of identifying biomarkers of PD is to study changes in gene expression in peripheral blood of the patients in early stages of the disease and have not been treated.

A multiple session dataset of NIRS recordings from stroke patients controlling brain-computer interface.

This paper presents an open dataset of over 50 hours of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) recordings. Fifteen stroke patients completed a total of 237 motor imagery brain-computer interface (BCI) sessions. The BCI was controlled by imagined hand movements; visual feedback was presented based on the real-time data classification results.

Brain-Computer Interfaces with Intracortical Implants for Motor and Communication Functions Compensation: Review of Recent Developments.

Brain-computer interfaces allow the exchange of data between the brain and an external device, bypassing the muscular system. Clinical studies of invasive brain-computer interface technologies have been conducted for over 20 years. During this time, there has been a continuous improvement of approaches to neuronal signal processing in order to improve the quality of control of external devices.