Integration of ultrasound and microwave pretreatments with solid-state fermentation enhances the release of sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds in wheat bran.

Wheat bran (WB), a byproduct of milling, is rich in bioactive compounds with significant health benefits. This study aimed to enhance the release of phenolic compounds, sugars, and organic acids from WB by integrating ultrasound (UsP) and microwave (MWP) pretreatments with solid-state fermentation (SSF). UsP and MWP disrupted WB cell walls, followed by SSF with Aspergillus niger.

Investigation of chimeric transcripts derived from LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposons in cerebellar tissues of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposons are components of the human genome and have been implicated in many human diseases. These elements can influence human transcriptome plasticity in various mechanisms. Chimeric transcripts derived from LINE-1 and Alu can also impact the human transcriptome, such as exonization and post-transcriptional modification.

Isolation and characterization of IgG3 glycan-targeting antibodies with exceptional cross-reactivity for diverse viral families.

Broadly reactive antibodies that target sequence-diverse antigens are of interest for vaccine design and monoclonal antibody therapeutic development because they can protect against multiple strains of a virus and provide a barrier to evolution of escape mutants. Using LIBRA-seq (linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity through sequencing) data for the B cell repertoire of an individual chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we identified a lineage of IgG3 antibodies predicted to bind to HIV-1 Envelope (Env) and influenza A Hemagglutinin (HA). Two lineage members, antibodies 2526 and 546, were confirmed to bind to a large panel of diverse antigens, including several strains of HIV-1 Env, influenza HA, coronavirus (CoV) spike, hepatitis C virus (HCV) E protein, Nipah virus (NiV) F protein, and Langya virus (LayV) F protein.

COBRA N2 NA vaccines induce protective immune responses against influenza viral infection.

Influenza neuraminidase (NA) is a promising target for a broadly protective vaccine. In this study, the Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA) methodology was used to develop N2 NA vaccine candidates. The unique wild type (WT) N2 sequences of human and swine influenza strains isolated between 1957 and 2019 were used to design the COBRA N2-A NA vaccine, while the unique WT N2 sequences of human influenza strains isolated between 2000 and 2019 were used to design the COBRA N2-B NA vaccine.

Hierarchically Porous Structured Adsorbents with Ultrahigh Metal-Organic Framework Loading for CO Capture.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising candidates for CO adsorption due to their ultrahigh-specific surface area and highly tunable pore-surface properties. However, their large-scale application is hindered by processing issues associated with their microcrystalline powder nature, such as dustiness, pressure drop, and poor mass transfer within packed beds. To address these challenges, shaping/structuring micron-sized polycrystalline MOF powders into millimeter-sized structured forms while preserving porosity and functionality represents an effective yet challenging approach.

Adopting the new iStopMM-based criteria for light-chain monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: an ongoing debate.

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Unaddressed non-energy use in the chemical industry can undermine fossil fuels phase-out.

Around 13% of fossil fuels globally are used for non-combustion purposes. Fossil fuel processing plants, such as petroleum refineries, exhibit interdependent material and energy system dynamics, making the transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems more challenging without addressing the non-energy outputs. This study explores the future role of fossil fuels for non-energy purposes in climate-stringent scenarios with restrictions on alternative feedstock availability, focusing on the primary chemicals sector.

Effects of the novel acaricide acynonapyr on the calcium-activated potassium channel.

Resistance to insecticides and acaricides is a major impediment to effectively controlling insect pests worldwide. These pests include the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae), which exists globally.

Reporter Mice for Gene Editing: A Key Tool for Advancing Gene Therapy of Rare Diseases.

Most rare diseases are caused by mutations and can have devastating consequences. Precise gene editing by CRISPR/Cas is an exciting possibility for helping these patients, if no irreversible developmental defects have occurred. To optimize gene editing therapy, reporter mice for gene editing have been generated which, by expression of reporter genes, indicate the efficiency of precise and imprecise gene editing.

Excipient-free nanotransformation of hydrophilic macromolecules using aqueous counter collision for enhanced bioavailability.

The demand for sustainable, eco-friendly biopolymer transdermal delivery systems has increased owing to growing environmental awareness. In this study, we used aqueous counter collision (ACC), a nontoxic nanotransformation method, to convert high- and ultrahigh-molecular-weight hydrophilic macromolecules into their corresponding nanoparticles (NPs). Hyaluronic acid (HA) and crosslinked HA (CLHA) were chosen as the model compounds.

Multifeature Fusion Method with Metaheuristic Optimization for Automated Voice Pathology Detection.

Voice pathologies occur due to various factors, such as malfunction of the vocal cords. Computerized acoustic examination-based vocal pathology detection is crucial for early diagnosis, efficient follow-up, and improving problematic speech. Different acoustic measurements provide it.

Targeting stress induction of GRP78 by cardiac glycoside oleandrin dually suppresses cancer and COVID-19.

Background: Despite recent therapeutic advances, combating cancer resistance remains a formidable challenge. The 78-kilodalton glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), a key stress-inducible endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, plays a crucial role in both cancer cell survival and stress adaptation. GRP78 is also upregulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection and acts as a critical host factor.

Feature-Based vs. Deep-Learning Fusion Methods for the In Vivo Detection of Radiation Dermatitis Using Optical Coherence Tomography, a Feasibility Study.

Acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) is a common and distressing issue for cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, leading to significant morbidity. Despite available treatments, ARD remains a distressing issue, necessitating further research to improve prevention and management strategies. Moreover, the lack of biomarkers for early quantitative assessment of ARD impedes progress in this area.

Respiratory viruses: Preventive and therapeutic approaches to diverse pathogens.

Viral respiratory diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide each year. Annual vaccinations are recommended by the World Health Organization for some of them, such as influenza and more recently for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and respiratory syncytial virus, with the goal of reducing disease severity and limiting transmission. In the context of infection and vaccination, it is of primary importance to evaluate the immune response to pathogens to shed light on the mechanisms of protection.

PET radiomics-based lymphovascular invasion prediction in lung cancer using multiple segmentation and multi-machine learning algorithms.

The current study aimed to predict lymphovascular invasion (LVI) using multiple machine learning algorithms and multi-segmentation positron emission tomography (PET) radiomics in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, offering new avenues for personalized treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. One hundred and twenty-six patients with NSCLC were enrolled in this study. Various automated and semi-automated PET image segmentation methods were applied, including Local Active Contour (LAC), Fuzzy-C-mean (FCM), K-means (KM), Watershed, Region Growing (RG), and Iterative thresholding (IT) with different percentages of the threshold.

2D material-enhanced multi-fold self-sensing and programmable deployable lattice structure.

The development of intelligent and programmable smart composite structure that can remember and restore their original shape after being extensively deformed is highly sought after for a wide variety of applications, such as deployable and morphing structures, soft robots, and smart infrastructure. Despite recent advancements, there remains a plethora of unexplored possibilities in the field of deployable structures utilizing shape programmable and intelligent composite materials. The aim of this research is to manufacture a deployable structure that is intelligent enough to monitor the deployment and programmable to be deployed in specific way.

Experimental Investigations on Shear Thickening Fluids as "Liquid Body Armors": Non-Conventional Formulations for Ballistic Protection.

Shear thickening fluids (STFs) have garnered attention as potential enhancers of protective capabilities and for the optimization of Kevlar armor design. To assess the possible shear thickening properties and potential application in ballistic protection, ten formulations were developed by employing polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polypropylene glycol (PPG), along with fumed silica or Aerosil HDK. Rheological characterization facilitated the identification of formulations displaying shear thickening behavior.