Soil microbial biomass influenced by cover crop after fumigation of potato fields.

Soil fumigation is commonly employed for pest control in potato production, although it can unintentionally harm non-target organisms in the soil. The presence of cover crops can significantly influence the abundance and composition of microorganisms. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the combined impact of soil fumigation and cover crops on soil health in potato fields.

Mapping resistance to Sclerotinia white mold in two pinto bean recombinant inbred line populations.

White mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a devastating disease affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production worldwide.

Pesticide use in integrated pest and pollinator management framework to protect pollinator health.

Agricultural pesticides have historically been a critical tool in controlling pests and diseases, preventing widespread suffering and crop losses that led to catastrophes such as the Great Irish Famine (1845-1852) and the Cotton Boll Weevil Infestation (1915-1916). However, their usage has brought challenges, including resistance development, secondary pest outbreaks, harm to non-target organisms like pollinators, and environmental contamination. In response to these concerns, integrated pest management (IPM) has emerged as a comprehensive approach, emphasizing non-chemical pest control methods such as cultural practices, biological control, and crop rotation, with pesticides as the last resort.

Enhanced phosphorus bioavailability and reduced water leachability in dairy manure through hydrothermal carbonization: effect of processing temperature and CaO additive.

Dairy manure, a significant source of phosphorus (P), can potentially cause environmental risk due to P runoff when dairy manure is directly applied to cropland. Thus, there is an increasing interest in mitigating P loss from manure prior to land applications. This study aimed to investigate the potential of hydrochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for P recycling from dairy manure with and without the addition of CaO, focusing on the plant bioavailability, stabilization, and transformation of P in the resultant hydrochar.

Comparative genomics highlights the virulence and evolutionary trajectory of white spot syndrome virus.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) poses a significant threat to shrimp aquaculture, leading to substantial economic losses. This study aims to evaluate the virulence and evolution of recent WSSV outbreaks in Japan. Shrimp infected with WSSV were collected from Okinawa, Miyakojima and Miyazaki prefectures, yielding a total of seven isolates.

Ethylene and its crosstalk with hormonal pathways in fruit ripening: mechanisms, modulation, and commercial exploitation.

Ethylene is an important phytohormone that orchestrates a multitude of physiological and biochemical processes regulating fruit ripening, from early maturation to post-harvest. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of ethylene's multifaceted roles in climacteric fruit ripening, characterized by a pronounced increase in ethylene production and respiration rates. It explores potential genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying ethylene's action, focusing on key transcription factors, biosynthetic pathway genes, and signal transduction elements crucial for the expression of ripening-related genes.

Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Potato Dry Rot in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

Fusarium dry rot is a ubiquitous disease of potato affecting tubers in storage and at planting. A greater understanding of the current Fusarium species composition associated with Fusarium dry rot in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) will aid in refinement of current management strategies. In this study, the identity of 327 single-spore Fusarium isolates recovered from PNW tuber samples was confirmed using molecular phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of tef and pho loci.

Pilot evaluation on an adapted tele-behavioral activation to increase physical activity in persons with depression: a single-arm pilot study.

Background: Physical activity has the potential to improve physical and mental health outcomes of persons with depression. However, feasible and acceptable strategies to integrate physical activity interventions into real-world settings are needed.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a manualized Behavioral Activation intervention aimed to increase physical activity in persons with depression (defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥ 10).

Vermiculite changed greenhouse gases emission and microbial community succession in vermicomposting: Particle size investigation.

Greenhouse gas emissions during composting inevitably cause environmental pollution. This study investigated the effects of 10 % vermiculite of four particle sizes (<1.5 mm, 1.

Strategic honey bee hive placement improves honey bee visitation but not pollination in northern highbush blueberry.

Commercial blueberry Vaccinium spp. (Ericales: Ericaceae) production relies on insect-mediated pollination. Pollination is mostly provided by rented honey bees, Apis mellifera L.

Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Pulmonary V˙O2 Kinetics and Muscle Fatigue During Severe-Intensity Cycling Exercise.

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the effect of caffeine (CAF) intake on pulmonary oxygen uptake (V˙O2) kinetics, muscle fatigue, and physiological and perceptual parameters during severe-intensity cycling exercise.

Methods: Twelve physically active men (age: 26 ± 5 years; V˙O2peak: 46.7 ± 7.

Physiological trade-offs in male social insects: Interactions among infection, immunity, fertility, size, and age in honey bee drones.

Female social insects represent a dramatic exception of the evolutionarily conserved physiological trade-off between reproduction and life span, where aging is positively correlated with reproduction. However, whether this facet of life history also pertains to male social insects, remains largely unknown. Male honey bees (drones) die in the act of copulation, placing them under opposing selective pressures.

Phenolics in soymilk manufactured from black and Proto soybeans by two continuous-ultrahigh-temperature-processing technologies inhibit DU145-prostate cancer cell proliferation through apoptosis.

Plant genotypes and processing technologies affect health properties of foods. How thermal processes with different sterilization values influence polyphenols in soymilk manufactured from different genotypes, particularly black soybean has not been well characterized. This study's aims were to investigate how one- and two-phase ultrahigh temperature (UHT) processing technologies, with wide differences of lethality (F 158.

Ecological implications of row width and cultivar selection on rice (Oryza sativa) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli).

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) producers in the Mid-south are experiencing difficulties with herbicide-resistant weeds such as barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.

Engineered reduction of S-adenosylmethionine alters lignin in sorghum.

Background: Lignin is an aromatic polymer deposited in secondary cell walls of higher plants to provide strength, rigidity, and hydrophobicity to vascular tissues. Due to its interconnections with cell wall polysaccharides, lignin plays important roles during plant growth and defense, but also has a negative impact on industrial processes aimed at obtaining monosaccharides from plant biomass. Engineering lignin offers a solution to this issue.

Rating pome fruit quality traits using deep learning and image processing.

Quality assessment of pome fruits (i.e. apples and pears) is used not only for determining the optimal harvest time but also for the progression of fruit-quality attributes during storage.

Evaluation of flood metrics across the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and their relation to flood damages.

Societal risks from flooding are evident at a range of spatial scales and climate change will exacerbate these risks in the future. Assessing flood risks across broad geographical regions is a challenge, and often done using streamflow time-series records or hydrologic models. In this study, we used a national-scale hydrological model to identify, assess, and map 16 different streamflow metrics that could be used to describe flood risks across 34,987 HUC12 subwatersheds within the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB).