Synaptic remodeling follows upper motor neuron hyperexcitability in a rodent model of TDP-43.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable disease characterized by relentlessly progressive degeneration of the corticomotor system. Cortical hyperexcitability has been identified as an early pre-symptomatic biomarker of ALS. This suggests that hyperexcitability occurs upstream in the ALS pathological cascade and may even be part of the mechanism that drives development of symptoms or loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord.

Hypoxic tumor cell-derived small extracellular vesicle miR-152-3p promotes cervical cancer radioresistance through KLF15 protein.

Background: Radiotherapy is widely used in treating cervical cancer patients, however, radioresistance unavoidably occurs and seriously affects the treatment effect. It is well known that hypoxia plays an important role in promoting radioresistance in tumor microenvironment, yet our understanding of the effect of small extracellular vesicles miRNA on cervical cancer radiosensitivity in hypoxic environment is still limited.

Methods: Small extracellular vesicles extracted from hypoxic and normoxic cultured cervical cancer cells were evaluated for their effects on radioresistance.

Prediabetes Progression and Regression on Objectively- Measured Physical Function: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Backgruound: Prediabetes leads to declines in physical function in older adults, but the impact of prediabetes progression or regression on physical function is unknown. This study assessed this longitudinal association, with physical function objectivelymeasured by grip strength, walking speed, and standing balance, based on the Health and Retirement Study enrolling United States adults aged >50 years.

Methods: Participants with prediabetes were followed-up for 4-year to ascertain prediabetes status alteration (maintained, regressed, or progressed), and another 4-year to assess their impacts on physical function.

Current evidence on the association of tongue strength with cognitive decline in older adults and the known risk factors of frailty, sarcopenia and nutritional health: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that the pathology underlying cognitive decline leading to dementia begins 15-20 years before cognitive symptoms emerge. Thus, identifying biomarkers in this preclinical phase is critically important. Age-related decrease in muscle mass and strength, a known risk factor for sarcopenia, frailty and cognitive decline, also affects the tongue.

First observation of Afromorgus chinensis (boheman, 1858) (Coleoptera: Trogidae) on a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L., 1758) carcass and its implications in forensic entomology.

Beetles (Coleoptera) are known to constitute forensic evidence in medico-legal investigations as their presence can be used to date human remains in almost all decomposition stages. Many forensic studies focus on the successional colonization pattern of flies (Diptera); however, beetles have not so far been studied extensively for this aspect. A beetle of the genus Afromorgus Scholtz, 1986, A.

A TaqMan minor groove binder probe-based quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for detection and quantification of chikungunya virus.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus with widespread distribution across the globe. Since 2016, CHIKV re-emerged in several countries including Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. A proper diagnostic tool for early diagnosis of CHIKV infection is crucial to facilitate patient management and control virus transmission at the earliest stage of outbreak.

A useful strategy for synthesis of the disaccharide of OSW-1.

A flexible, efficient, and practical synthesis route was developed to synthesize an OSW-1 disaccharide. The synthesis took 13 steps from l-arabinose and d-xylose derivatives, and the overall yield was 7.2%.

Transdermal Rotigotine at End-of-Life for Parkinson's Disease: Association With Measures of Distress.

Background: End-of-life (EOL) care for Parkinson's disease (PD) can be challenging when oral medications are no longer tolerated.

Measures: To assess EOL prescribing for people with PD (PWP), focusing on rotigotine dosing and proxy measures of distress: benzodiazepine and opioid use.

Intervention: A retrospective audit of patient records from PWP who died between January 2019 and May 2022 at the Royal Hobart Hospital (RHH), Australia, was conducted.

LIVE INDIA: Effectiveness of Gla-100 in a Post hoc Pooled Analysis of FINE ASIA and GOAL Registries.

Introduction: Real-world evidence on insulin glargine 100 U/ml (Gla-100) initiation in Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals is limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Gla-100 in insulin-naïve T2DM participants from India.

Methods: This post hoc analysis includes real-world data of insulin-naïve Indian participants with T2DM who started Gla-100 treatment in two Asian registries: FINE ASIA and GOAL.

An online, public health framework supporting behaviour change to reduce dementia risk: interim results from the ISLAND study linking ageing and neurodegenerative disease.

Background: Unmanaged cardiometabolic health, low physical and cognitive activity, poor diet, obesity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are modifiable health risk factors for dementia and public health approaches to dementia prevention have been called for. The Island Study Linking Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease (ISLAND) is a dementia prevention public health study examining whether improving knowledge about modifiable dementia risk factors supports behaviour changes that reduce future dementia risk.

Methods: Residents of Tasmania, Australia, aged 50 + years who joined the 10-year ISLAND study were asked to complete annual online surveys about their knowledge, motivations and behaviours related to modifiable dementia risk.

Foliar-applied nano-cerium dioxide differentially affect morpho-physiological traits and essential oil profile of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand under drought stress and post-stress recovery conditions.

Drought stress is known to diminish the growth and yield of plants by altering the physiological, biochemical and molecular processes, thus threatening food security worldwide. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an effective strategy to raise plant productivity under current rapid environmental challenges. However, there is little literature on mechanisms underlying the beneficial role of re-watering in drought-stressed plants treated with NPs.

Controlled packing of chiral assembly scaffolds to promote chiral J-aggregation of carbocyanine dyes.

Controlled aggregation of dyes is crucial to achieve their desired optical and electronic properties. Here, we report the induction of chiral J-aggregation of carbocyanine dyes by using lysine-derived amphiphile assemblies as scaffolds in water. The molecular structure of the amphiphiles affected the packing of the assembly.

Methane emission and influencing factors of China's oil and natural gas sector in 2020-2060: A source level analysis.

The Chinese oil and gas industry requires targeted policies to reduce methane emissions. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to predict future methane emission trends and analyze the factors that influence them. However, changing economic development patterns, insufficient analysis of various factors influencing emissions, and inadequate resolution of methane emission inventories have made these goals difficult to achieve.

Red light enhances the antibacterial properties, biofabrication, and stability of Fagonia indica callus-based silver nanoparticles.

Plant-based nanoparticles can be tuned through the frequency of light for efficient synthesis, structural properties, and antibacterial applications. This research assessed the effect of material type (callus and whole-plant extract) and the interaction with a specific range of light wavelength on AgNP synthesis. All types of AgNPs were characterized by their size, shape, associated functional groups, and surface charge.

Carer-supported home-based exercises designed to target physical activity levels and functional mobility after stroke: a scoping review.

Purpose: To explore the literature on carer-supported home-based exercise programs for people after stroke, as a form of physical activity. The review focus was to examine the training carers receive, the content of programs, and investigate the physical activity levels and functional mobility of people after stroke.

Materials And Methods: A scoping review was undertaken, guided by Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.

Cellular specificity is key to deciphering epigenetic changes underlying Alzheimer's disease.

Different cell types in the brain play distinct roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Late onset AD (LOAD) is a complex disease, with a large genetic component, but many risk loci fall in non-coding genome regions. Epigenetics implicates the non-coding genome with control of gene expression.

A new species of Simulium (Asiosimulium) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from northeastern Thailand, with its phylogenetic relationships with related species in the subgenus Asiosimulium.

Simulium (Asiosimulium) khongchiamense sp. nov. is described based on females, males, pupae, and mature larvae collected from Khong Chiam District, Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand.

TaAP2-10, an AP2/ERF transcription factor, contributes to wheat resistance against stripe rust.

The AP2/ERF TF (transcription factor) family is involved in regulating plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, understanding of the function of AP2/ERF TFs in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resistance against the obligate biotrophic stripe rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis f.

The alpha2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, a subunit with unique and selective expression in inhibitory interneurons associated with principal cells.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play crucial roles in various human disorders, with the α7, α4, α6, and α3-containing nAChR subtypes extensively studied in relation to conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, nicotine dependence, mood disorders, and stress disorders. In contrast, the α2-nAChR subunit has received less attention due to its more restricted expression and the scarcity of specific agonists and antagonists for studying its function. Nevertheless, recent research has shed light on the unique expression pattern of the Chrna2 gene, which encodes the α2-nAChR subunit, and its involvement in distinct populations of inhibitory interneurons.

Morphological redescription of Simulium takahasii (Rubtsov), the first species of the subgenus Wilhelmia Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae) recognized in East Asia.

Simulium takahasii (Rubtsov), which was originally described from Japan, and recorded from Korea and China, is the first among the 19 species of the subgenus Wilhelmia Enderlein recorded from East Asia. It is striking in mating, blood-feeding and ovipositing in captivity and in experimentally transmitting Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy) and Brugia pahangi (Buckley & Edeson), and it is a severe biter of cattle and horses, rarely of humans. Nevertheless, updated information about its morphological characteristics was lacking, making comparisons with related species described from China difficult, since species of the subgenus Wilhelmia are almost indistinguishable from one another, in particular, in their female terminalia, male genitalia and most of larval features.

Current status of infectious diseases among migrants and non-citizens in Malaysia.

The mass movement of migrants to Malaysia for employment is one of the factors contributing to the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases in this country. Despite mandatory health screening for migrants seeking employment, prevalence records of infectious diseases amongst migrant populations in Malaysia are still within negligible proportions. Therefore, the present review highlights the incidence, mortality and overall status of infectious diseases amongst migrants' populations in Malaysia, which maybe be useful for impeding exacerbation of inequalities among them and improving our national health system thru robust and effective emergency responses in controlling the prevalent diseases found among these populations and maybe, Malaysian citizens too.

Does serum neurofilament light help predict accelerated cognitive ageing in unimpaired older adults?

Introduction: Neurofilament light (NfL) is a blood biomarker of neurodegeneration. While serum NfL levels have been demonstrated to increase with normal ageing, the relationship between serum NfL levels and normal age-related changes in cognitive functions is less well understood.

Methods: The current study investigated whether cross-sectional serum NfL levels measured by single molecule array technology (Simoa®) mediated the effect of age on cognition, measured by a battery of neuropsychological tests administered biannually for 8 years, in a cohort of 174 unimpaired older adults (≥50 years) from the Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project.

Antiviral Activities of KSF 103 Methanolic Extracts against Dengue Virus Type-2.

Dengue has long been a serious health burden to the global community, especially for those living in the tropics. Despite the availability of vaccines, effective treatment for the infection is still needed and currently remains absent. In the present study, the antiviral properties of the sp.