Understanding Uncertainty in Market-Mediated Responses to US Oilseed Biodiesel Demand: Sensitivity of ILUC Emission Estimates to GLOBIOM Parametric Uncertainty.

The life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of biofuels depend on uncertain estimates of induced land use change (ILUC) and subsequent emissions from carbon stock changes. Demand for oilseed-based biofuels is associated with particularly complex market and supply chain dynamics, which must be considered. Using the global partial equilibrium model GLOBIOM, this study explores the uncertainty in market-mediated impacts and ILUC-related emissions from increasing demand for soybean biodiesel in the United States in the period 2020-2050.

Stigmas experienced by sexual and gender minority people with HIV in the Dominican Republic: a qualitative study.

Background: As part of a study to test the feasibility and acceptability of the Finding Respect and Ending Stigma around HIV (FRESH) intervention to reduce stigmas and improve HIV viral suppression, our team collected qualitative data from men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV, transgender women with HIV, and HIV healthcare providers for their perspectives on different stigmas in Dominican Republic healthcare settings.

Purpose: We aimed to develop an understanding of the causes, consequences, and domains of stigma among sexual and gender minorities with HIV in Dominican Republic HIV clinics.

Methods: Data collection occurred in Santo Domingo and Santiago (2020-2021) and included four focus groups with MSM with HIV (n = 26), in-depth interviews with transgender women with HIV (n = 14), and in-depth interviews with HIV healthcare providers (n = 16).

Stigma and discrimination faced by adolescents living with HIV and experiencing depression in Malawi.

Background: In Malawi, approximately 25% of adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) also suffer from depression. Not only is HIV stigma a major contributor to depression but it also adversely impacts HIV care engagement. ALWH can experience HIV stigma as stereotyping, social exclusion, low social support, and abuse, and these experiences are associated with poor mental health.

Receipt of Medications for Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorders: The Importance of Service Utilization Patterns.

Medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) and opioid use disorder (MOUD) are underutilized evidence-based treatments. While patients often receive treatment in multiple medical treatment settings, it is unknown whether certain treatment settings or combinations of settings are associated with increased receipt of MAUD or MOUD. Data from the cross-sectional 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were used to identify treatment settings where adult respondents received any past year alcohol treatment (n = 476, 33% female) or, separately, opioid treatment (n = 337, 38% female).

Serotonin 1A Receptors Modulate Serotonin 2A Receptor-Mediated Behavioral Effects of 5-Methoxy-,-dimethyltryptamine Analogs in Mice.

5-methoxy-,-dimethyltrytpamine (5-MeO-DMT) analogs are used as recreational drugs, but they are also being developed as potential medicines, warranting further investigation into their pharmacology. Here, we investigated the neuropharmacology of 5-MeO-DMT and several of its -alkyl, -allyl, and 2-methyl analogs, with three major aims: 1) to determine in vitro receptor profiles for the compounds, 2) to characterize in vitro functional activities at serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptors (5-HT) and 1A receptors (5-HT), and 3) to examine the influence of 5-HT on 5-HT-mediated psychedelic-like effects in the mouse head twitch response (HTR) model. In vitro receptor binding and functional assays showed that all 5-MeO-DMT analogs bind with high affinity and activate multiple targets (e.

Understanding the Social Dimensions and Context in HIV Research: Instrument Adaptation is More than .

There is a shortage of health-related questionnaires developed specifically for African countries' cultural contexts and local languages. Researchers have translated some tools to the target local languages. However, poor quality translation, or even high-quality translation, can lead to an instrument that is not comparable to the original language if linguistic nuances and cultural differences are not considered.

Early Exposure to Deprivation or Threat Moderates Expected Associations Between Neural Structure and Age in Adolescent Girls.

Childhood adversity (CA) is associated with increased risk of negative health outcomes. Research implicates brain structure following CA as a key mechanism of this risk, and recent models suggest different forms of adversity differentially impact neural structure as a function of development (accelerated or attenuated development). Employing the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology, we examined whether deprivation and threat differentially impact age-related change in cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical structure volume, using whole-brain and region of interest analyses ( = 135).

Wildfire-relevant woodsmoke and extracellular vesicles (EVs): Alterations in EV proteomic signatures involved in extracellular matrix degradation and tissue injury in airway organotypic models.

Wildfires adversely impact air quality and public health worldwide. Exposures to wildfire smoke are linked to adverse health outcomes, including cardiopulmonary diseases. Critical research gaps remain surrounding the underlying biological pathways leading to wildfire-induced health effects.

The Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool: Adaptation and Content Validation for Children and Caregivers of Children with Atopic Dermatitis.

Introduction: The Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool (ADCT) assesses six concepts regarding patient-perceived control of atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults and adolescents with AD. This study aimed to develop two modified ADCT versions, one for children with AD aged 8-11 years and another for caregivers of children with AD aged 6 months to 11 years.

Methods: Following the US Food and Drug Administration patient-reported outcomes guidance, the ADCT was modified to produce draft Child and Caregiver ADCT versions, maintaining the original six concepts.

Environmental public health research at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: A blueprint for exposure science in a connected world.

Exposure science plays an essential role in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.

Perceived levels of social stigma following HIV notification: Insights from Brazilian blood centers.

Background: HIV/AIDS remains a highly stigmatizing disease worldwide, preventing people with risk or infection from testing to learn their HIV status, accessing supportive services, or taking antiretroviral therapy. Despite many studies of HIV in blood donors, no studies have evaluated the factors that contribute to stigma surrounding this illness following notification process and counseling provided by blood centers.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted between 2016 and 2017.

State Full Practice Authority Regulations and Nurse Practitioner Practice Autonomy: Evidence From the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses.

State full practice authority (FPA) laws are designed to permit NPs to practice autonomously from physicians. Little is known regarding how FPA laws affect NPs' practice autonomy in daily practice. This study used nationwide survey data from 20,830 NPs to estimate how NPs' practice autonomy differs between NPs in FPA and non-FPA states.

The Influence of the Estrous Cycle on Neuropeptide S Receptor-Mediated Behaviors.

The neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Central administration of neuropeptide S (NPS) in male mice produces anxiolytic-like effects, hyperlocomotion, and memory enhancement. Currently, the literature is limited in the number of studies investigating the effects of NPS in female test subjects despite females facing a higher prevalence of anxiety-related pathology, as well as greater risk for adverse effects while taking psychoactive drugs.

Coverage of community-wide mass drug administration platforms for soil-transmitted helminths in Benin, India, and Malawi: findings from the DeWorm3 project.

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) affect approximately 1.5 billion people globally. The current STH control strategy is annual or twice-annual preventive chemotherapy, typically school-based deworming targeting children and women of reproductive age.

Retention in HIV Primary Care Using a Web-Based Patient Engagement Platform: Multistate Case-Control Study.

Background: Digital interventions to improve retention in HIV care are critical to ensure viral suppression and prevent further transmission. AIDS Healthcare Foundation Healthcare Centers are centers across the United States that provide primary HIV care. Traditionally, the Healthcare Centers conduct phone calls with patients to schedule and confirm appointments, as well as share laboratory results.

Understanding Potential Mechanisms of Vaping Prevention Messages: A Mediation Analysis of the Real Cost Campaign Advertisements.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed a public education campaign, , that reduced youth susceptibility to tobacco product use.

Cerebral injury and retinopathy as risk factors for blindness in extremely preterm infants.

Objective: This study investigates whether and to what extent cerebral injury is associated with bilateral blindness in extremely preterm infants, which has been attributed mainly to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Design: Multicentre analysis of children born from 1994 to 2021 at gestational age 22 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks with follow-up at 18-26 months. Logistic regression examined the adjusted association of bilateral blindness with severe ROP and/or cerebral injury among extremely preterm infants.

Experiences of Spanish-Speaking Families with a Remote Neurodevelopmental Assessment.

U.S. Hispanic families with limited English proficiency experience barriers to autism diagnosis, such as lack of Spanish-speaking providers and assessments.

[Who Guideline for Non-Surgical Management of Chronic Primary Low Back Pain in Adults in Primary and Community Care Settings].

Background: Low back pain is a very common condition that affects most people at some point in their lives. It represents a burden on those affected, reducing their ability to participate in activities of normal life; at the same time, dealing with it increases the economic costs of healthcare.

Aim:  The aim of this guideline was to contribute to WHO activities for reducing the impact of low back pain in adults and to support the WHO approach to integrated care for older people in primary care.

Court Navigators and Opportunities for Disseminating Overdose Prevention Strategies.

. Describe how navigator programs from three New England states (Connecticut, Maine, and Massachusetts) function to connect individuals using court services to community-based treatment and services. .

Lessons Learned From Developing Dashboards to Support Decision-Making for Community Opioid Response by Community Stakeholders: Mixed Methods and Multisite Study.

Background: Data dashboards are published tools that present visualizations; they are increasingly used to display data about behavioral health, social determinants of health, and chronic and infectious disease risks to inform or support public health endeavors. Dashboards can be an evidence-based approach used by communities to influence decision-making in health care for specific populations. Despite widespread use, evidence on how to best design and use dashboards in the public health realm is limited.