Moderate Intensity Functional Training as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Case Report.

Background: Traditional aerobic training and muscle resistance ("strength") training have been shown to be effective for improving functional and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, the transfer of the current resistance exercise modes proposed to other activities of daily living (ADLs) is questionable. Moderate intensity functional training (MIFT) has emerged with the aim of achieving cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations simultaneously with functional exercises typical of ADLs.

Exercise interventions in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aims: To assess the potential multi-domain benefits of exercise interventions on patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as to determine the specific effects of different exercise modalities (aerobic, strength, or combined training).

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science until March 2021 for randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of exercise interventions (compared with no exercise) on patients with AD. Outcomes included cognitive function (mini-mental state examination [MMSE] test), physical function (e.

Effects of Combining a Ketogenic Diet with Resistance Training on Body Composition, Strength, and Mechanical Power in Trained Individuals: A Narrative Review.

Ketogenic diets (KD) have gained popularity in recent years among strength-trained individuals. The present review summarizes current evidence-with a particular focus on randomized controlled trials-on the effects of KD on body composition and muscle performance (strength and power output) in strength-trained individuals. Although long-term studies (>12 weeks) are lacking, growing evidence supports the effectiveness of an ad libitum and energy-balanced KD for reducing total body and fat mass, at least in the short term.

Physical Exercise and Alzheimer's Disease: Effects on Pathophysiological Molecular Pathways of the Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in adults worldwide, is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder characterized by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors and the dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and cellular/molecular pathways. The introduction of the systems biology framework is revolutionizing the study of complex diseases by allowing the identification and integration of cellular/molecular pathways and networks of interaction. Here, we reviewed the relationship between physical activity and the next pathophysiological processes involved in the risk of developing AD, based on some crucial molecular pathways and biological process dysregulated in AD: (1) Immune system and inflammation; (2) Endothelial function and cerebrovascular insufficiency; (3) Apoptosis and cell death; (4) Intercellular communication; (5) Metabolism, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity; (6) DNA damage and repair; (7) Cytoskeleton and membrane proteins; (8) Synaptic plasticity.

Effects of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy on tumor regression: insights from a patient-derived xenograft model.

Immunotherapies, such as checkpoint blockade of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), have resulted in unprecedented improvements in survival for patients with lung cancer. Nonetheless, not all patients benefit equally and many issues remain unresolved, including the mechanisms of action and the possible effector function of immune cells from non-lymphoid lineages. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether anti-PD-1 immunotherapy acts on malignant tumor cells through mechanisms beyond those related to T lymphocyte involvement.

Effects of exercise interventions on the functional status of acutely hospitalised older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Acute hospitalisation can have adverse effects in older adults, notably functional decline. We aimed to summarize evidence on the effects of exercise interventions in acutely hospitalised older adults.

Methods: Relevant articles were systematically searched (PubMed, Web of Science, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source, and EMBASE) until 19 March 2020.

Intradialytic neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves functional capacity and muscle strength in people receiving haemodialysis: a systematic review.

Questions: Does neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) applied during haemodialysis sessions improve functional capacity in people with end-stage renal disease? Does NMES used in this way also improve muscle strength, muscle mass/architecture, psychological outcomes, cardiovascular outcomes and biochemical variables? Does it have any adverse effects?

Design: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials with meta-analysis. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to 15 October 2019.

Participants: Patients receiving haemodialysis for end-stage renal disease.

Successful aging: insights from proteome analyses of healthy centenarians.

Healthy aging depends on a complex gene-environment network that is ultimately reflected in the expression of different proteins. We aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the plasma proteome of healthy centenarians (n=9, 5 women, age range 100-103 years) with a notably preserved ambulatory capacity (as a paradigm of 'successful' aging), and control individuals who died from a major age-related disease before the expected life expectancy (n=9, 5 women, age range: 67-81 years), and while having impaired ambulatory capacity (as a paradigm of 'unsuccessful' aging). We found that the expression of 49 proteins and 86 pathways differed between the two groups.