[Advances in the study of vasovasostomy under the microscope].

Approximately 10－15% of the cases of male infertility worldwide are caused by obstructive azoospermia. Vasovasostomy (VV) is a gold-standard treatment of this disease, but the success rate of conventional VV remains low for failure to anastomose the vas deferens accurately. Fortunately, microscopy makes the field of vision clearer and greatly increases the success rate of vas deferens recanalization and pregnancy.

[Staged Duckett urethroplasty and Byars reconstruction for severe hypospadias with dysplastic glans].

Objective: To study the effects of staged Duckett urethroplasty and Byars reconstruction in the treatment of severe hypospadias with dysplastic glans.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 57 cases of severe hypospadias with dysplastic glans treated by two-stage Duckett urethroplasty or Byars reconstruction from September 2015 to May 2020. At stage-Ⅰ treatment, the patients were aged from 5 to 47 (mean 21) months, the diameter of the glans less than 1.

Pneumovesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation with intravesical tailoring of obstructive megaureter in pediatric patient.

Introduction: According to available data, there are only few articles describing pneumovesicoscopic (PNV) ureteral reimplantation (UR) for obstructive megaureter without tailoring and with ex vivo tailoring in children.

An Objective: To present our experience of the PNV UR using intravesical ureteral tailoring for symptomatic primary obstructive megaureter in children.

Study Design: Between 2014 and 2020, 42 patients (mean age: 3.

Extended semen examinations in the sixth edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen: contributing to the understanding of the function of the male reproductive system.

In the sixth edition of the World Health Organization manual for the examination and processing of human semen, extended examination methods to provide key diagnostics in the investigation of the male reproductive system function are elaborated. These go beyond the basic analysis of semen and may be useful in more specifically guiding the clinical characterization of fertile or infertile men. Among the extended examinations included in the chapter, the use of multiparametric scoring for sperm morphological defects, sperm DNA fragmentation, and the roles for computer-assisted analysis of sperm or semen are arguably those that will be the most widely used and may also cause the most debate.

[Mechanisms of drug resistance in endocrinotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer].

Androgen plays a significant role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), one of the commonest malignancies in the male urogenital system. Castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) is the end-result of the majority of prostate cancer cases treated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Furthermore, the androgen axis is reactivated due to adaptive intratumoral androgen biosynthesis, which can be driven by adrenal androgens and /or by changes in the androgen receptor (AR) including AR gene amplification.

[Infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells into the L5－S2 spinal cord in CP/CPPS rats and its central sensitization mechanism].

Objective: To explore the central sensitization mechanism of pain in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

Methods: We randomly divided 40 adult male SPF SD rats, aged 3－4 weeks and weighing 250－350 g, into a normal control and a CP/CPPS model group. After modeling, we analyzed the state of infiltration of CD4+T cells into the L5－S2 spinal cord and detected the expression levels of GFAP and CR3 in the spinal cord tissue using flow cytometry, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence staining.

[Hongjing-1 Recipe maintains the expression level of Connexin43 in the penile tissue of SD rats with bilateral cavernous nerve injury].

Objective: To explore the effects of Hongjing-1 Recipe (HJ-1) on erectile function and the expression of the gap junction protein Connexin43 (Cx43) in the penile tissue in male rats with bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI).

Methods: Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups of an equal number: sham operation, BCNI model control, and low-, medium- and high-dose HJ-1. The BCNI model was made in the latter four groups by clamping the bilateral cavernous nerves with hemostatic forceps.

[Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction: Progress in basic studies].

Erectile dysfunction (ED), a common and frequently occurring disease, threatens the sexual well-being of middle-aged and old men. In recent years, micro-energy therapies, represented by low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT), is proved by long-term multicenter randomized controlled studies to be safe and effective for the treatment of ED. Compared with traditional treatment, this method has the characteristics of few adverse effects, little trauma and thorough treatment.

[Modified Vattikuti Institute prostatectomy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer].

Objective: To investigate the effect of modified Vattikuti Institute prostatectomy (mVIP) in the treatment of localized PCa.

Methods: This retrospective study included 50 cases of localized PCa treated by mVIP and another 50 by robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) from March 2018 to April 2019. We analyzed the baseline data, the surgical techniques used and the results of short-term follow-up.

[Hsa_circ_0005221 promotes prostate cancer progression through the miR-339-5p/STAT5a pathway].

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of hsa_circ_0005221 regulating the progression of PCa through the miR-339-5p/STAT5a pathway.

Methods: Localizations of hsa_circ_0005221 and miR-339-5p in cells were detected by nuclear-cytoplasmic isolation. MiRNA-339-5p was selected as the target miRNA bound to hsa_circ_0005221 by RNA pull-down assay.

Dynamic Changes of Serum Heart Type-Fatty Acid Binding Protein in Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective anti-cancer drugs that can improve survival in cancer patients, but their use may be associated with adverse cardiovascular side effects. Therefore, there is a clinical unmet need to identify non-invasive biomarker to detect subclinical cardiac toxicity after ICI treatment. The aim of this study is to examine the plasma levels of biomarkers in cancer survivors who were treated with ICIs.

[The role of male factor in pregnancy loss].

Currently fertility specialists pay close attention to miscarriage. Spontaneous abortion and recurrent pregnancy loss in an early period of gestation are a frequent complication of pregnancy. Etiology of miscarriage includes genetic abnormalities, immunological disorders, endocrine abnormalities, infections and lifestyle factors.

[Penile glans amputation during circumcision: causes, treatments and preventive measures].

Introduction: Penile glans amputation during circumcision is a rare but potentially devastating complication. The mechanism and causes are poorly understood and incomprehensible. It is important to identify the causes of these complications, to suggest a mechanism and to propose prevention measures.

[Assessment of the professional community awareness about innovative diets prescribed for hypertension].

Due to the fact of constantly increasing incidence of arterial hypertension and the large role of nutrition in the treatment and prevention of this disease, the assessment of the awareness of the medical community and patients about the trends in the development of therapeutic and prophylactic diets is relevant. of the research was to assess the physician and patient awareness on the trends in the development of therapeutic and prophylactic diets and different rations prescribed for hypertension prevention. .

[Characteristics of pathogenesis and manifestations of nephrolithiasis in patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases].

Aim: To study the pathogenetic and clinical features of nephrolithiasis in patients with concomitant chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly the chemical composition of renal stones, the frequency of relapses, as well as the daily dynamics of the urine specific gravity and acidity level as the main factors of stone formation.

Materials And Methods: A total of 270 patients were treated in the Department of the urology No. 1 of the "Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.

Urolithiasis prevalence in the Russian Federation: analysis of trends over a 15-year period.

Purpose: To conduct a comparative analysis of the prevalence of urolithiasis in the Russian Federation.

Methods: We analysed urolithiasis prevalence and incidence data from 2005 to 2019 (15 years) for the entire population of Russia. Data were provided by the 'Ministry of Health' of the Russian Federation.

Genetic instability and anti-HPV immune response as drivers of infertility associated with HPV infection.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection common among men and women of reproductive age worldwide. HPV viruses are associated with epithelial lesions and cancers. HPV infections have been shown to be significantly associated with many adverse effects in reproductive function.

[Iscussion on the use of hexane extract of Serenoa repens for combination therapy in patients with LUTS/BPH].

Based on literature data, feasibility of combined therapy with Serenoa repens extracts (including Permixon) and 1-adrenoblocators in patients with LUTS/BPH based on the pathogenesis of these drugs and clinical results was analyzed. The composition and biological activity of various SRE is influenced by the extraction method, as well as the production technology used by the manufacturer, which can lead to different results of experimental and clinical studies. The mechanism of action of SRE, including hexane extract Permixon, is multicomponent, which combines an antiandrogenic effect, influence on neurogenic regulation of urinary tract function (-adrenoreceptors, M-holinoreceptors, vanilloid receptors), anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous actions.

[The opportunities of pneumovesicoscopic approach for correction of disorders of vesicoureteral junction in children].

Background: pneumovesicoscopic approach gives new possibilities for endovideosurgical correction of congenital ureteral and bladder pathology.

Aim: To increase the efficiency of ureteral reimplantation in patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), obstructive megaureter and bladder pathology by using pneumovesicoscopic access.

Materials And Methods: For the period 2014 - 2020 a total of 52 children aged from 10 months up to 15 years (median 2.

Integrin Alpha V in Urine: A Novel Noninvasive Marker for Prostate Cancer Detection.

Unlabelled: Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis based on patient urine analysis provides non-invasive and promising method as compared to biopsy and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. This study was conceived to investigate whether Integrin alpha V (ITGAV) protein is present in urine and assess the urinary ITGAV diagnostic potential for PCa.

Materials And Methods: Urinary ITGAV expression was determined by Western blot analysis and quantified by ELISA in urine from men with PCa (n = 47), benign prostate hyperplasia (n = 42) and age-matched controls (n = 22).

Enhanced effects of salidroside on erectile function and corpora cavernosa autophagy in a cavernous nerve injury rat model.

We explored the efficacy and mechanisms of salidroside treatment for erectile dysfunction induced by bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI). Forty male rats were divided into four groups as follows: sham (cavernous nerves exposed only) (S); BCNI (M); BCNI + rapamycin (M + rapamycin); and BCNI + salidroside (M + salidroside). Erectile function in the rats was measured by intracavernosal pressure.

The negative aftermath of prostate biopsy: prophylaxis, complications and antimicrobial stewardship: results of the global prevalence study of infections in urology 2010-2019.

Purpose: To evaluate and report the complications, and to analyse antimicrobial stewardship aspects following prostate biopsies (P-Bx) based on the data from a 9-year global study.

Methods: The primary outcome was to compare complications after P-Bx between patients of two cohorts: 2010-2014 and 2016-2019. Primary outcomes included symptoms of lower and severe/systemic urinary tract infection (LUTIS and SUTIS, respectively), and positive urine culture.

[Preparation of the dialysis patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus for kidney transplantation].

Kidney transplantation is unique method of renal replacement therapy, allowing to improve quality and duration of life for patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis therapy. Recently using of innovation technologies for diabetes management and modern immunosuppression enable achieving better results of posttransplant rehabilitation for patients with DM1, especially if kidney transplantation is performed early after initiation of dialysis. Detailed examination of patient with DM1 before potential kidney transplantation is very important to reduce of early and late postoperative complications.

[FOXO3a signaling pathway in prostate cancer: Progress in studies].

FOXO3a is an important member of the FOXO subfamily of Forkhead transcription factors, which plays an important role in promoting cell apoptosis, inducing cell cycle arrest, inhibiting cell proliferation and suppressing tumor metastasis through phosphorylation, ubiquitination-mediated degradation and microRNA. Studies show that upregulated expression of FOXO3a can inhibit the growth of PCa cells. This review summarizes the advances in the studies of the FOXO3a signaling pathway in PCa, aiming to provide some new ideas on the clinical diagnosis and targeted therapy of the malignancy.