Heterotopic ossification: Current developments and emerging potential therapies.

This review aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the etiology, epidemiology, pathology, and conventional treatment of heterotopic ossification (HO), especially emerging potential therapies. HO is the process of ectopic bone formation at non-skeletal sites. HO can be subdivided into two major forms, acquired and hereditary, with acquired HO predominating.

Patients with jumping sign exhibit rotational and bony structural abnormalities consistent with high-grade J-sign in recurrent patellar dislocation.

Purpose: To propose a new sign of patellar maltracking in recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) and compare the differences in lower limb rotational and bony structural abnormalities among the different signs.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study included 279 patients (mean age: 22 years; female: 81%) who underwent primary surgery for RPD over the past 4 years was performed. The patients were grouped based on the characteristics of patellar tracking: low-, moderate- and high-grade J-sign.

A dual dimensional optimization strategy for automatic osteotomy preoperative planning in congenital radioulnar synostosis.

Congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS) presents a complex forearm deformity, requiring precise osteotomy planning for anatomical restoration. This study proposes an automatic osteotomy preoperative planning method for forearms with CRUS. Proximal forearm bones are first aligned with the template forearm and then a dual dimensional optimization (DDO) strategy is used to optimize the spatial transformation parameters of the distal fragment.

Trends and Advances in Antimicrobial Surface Modification for Orthopedic Implants (2014-2024).

The failure of orthopedic implants can significantly impact patients physiologically, psychologically, and economically. A bibliometric study of the field of surface modification for antimicrobial purposes in orthopedic implants provides insights into its developmental trajectory and offers valuable predictions for future advancements, thus playing a pivotal role in guiding research in this domain. Relevant publications on surface modification for antimicrobial purposes in orthopedic implants published between 2014 and 2024 were selected from the Web of Science (Core Collection) dataset and analyzed using VOSviewer and Citespace.

Kinome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens revealed as a positive regulator of TGF-β signaling.

The TGF-β signaling pathway is closely associated with human health and disease, and the systematic identification of factors involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway significantly contributes to the understanding and treatment of various diseases. Through kinome-wide CRISPR screen, we identified 13 candidate regulatory targets. Notably, the well-known hallmark genes and emerged as the top two candidate targets.

Structural and Viscoelastic Properties of Bacterial Cellulose Composites: Implications for Prosthetics.

This study investigates the morphological, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogels synthesized by the microbial consortium . BC gel films were produced under static (S) or bioreactor (BioR) conditions. Additionally, an anisotropic sandwich-like composite BC film was developed and tested, consisting of a rehydrated (S-RDH) BC film synthesized under static conditions, placed between two BioR-derived BC layers.

Comparison of survival, function and complication between intercalary frozen autograft versus massive allograft reconstruction after malignant bone tumors resection.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of intercalary frozen autograft and allograft reconstruction for primary malignant bone tumors.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 144 patients who underwent intercalary biological reconstruction for primary malignant bone tumors at a single institution between January 2012 and July 2023. Seventy-two patients underwent intercalary liquid nitrogen-frozen autograft reconstruction, and 72 patients underwent intercalary allograft reconstruction in this study.

The Survival, Mechanisms of Failure, and Function After Total Humeral Replacement in Patients with Primary Sarcomas.

Background: Total humeral replacement (THR) is one of the few options for reconstruction when the humerus is extensively involved or with skip lesions. However, there are few studies focusing on the long-term outcomes of THR for primary sarcomas, and the function and endoprosthesis survival remains uncertain.

Questions/purposes: The purposes of this study were to answer the following questions: 1) What are the oncological and functional outcomes of total humeral replacement? 2) What are the overall survival and revision-free survival rates of total humeral replacement? 3) What are the failure mechanisms of total humeral replacement?

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 34 patients (22 males, 12 females) between January 1997 and December 2021.

TNFα-reliant FSP1 up-regulation promotes intervertebral disc degeneration via caspase 3-dependent apoptosis.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common chronic inflammatory degenerative disease that causes lower back pain. However, the underlying mechanisms of IDD remain unclear. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) is a newly identified suppressor for ferroptosis.

The causal relationships between iron status and sarcopenia in Europeans: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Previous studies have indicated potential associations between metals, lifestyle factors, and sarcopenia. However, the specific causal relationships between iron status, lifestyle factors, and sarcopenia remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach to investigate these relationships.

Is intercalary frozen autograft augmented with intramedullary cement and bridging plates fixation a durable reconstruction?

Aims: We analysed the survival, complications, and function of frozen autograft augmented with intramedullary cement and bridging plates fixation for intercalary bone defect reconstruction in primary bone sarcomas.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 72 patients with primary bone sarcomas (34 males, 38 females) between January 2016 and June 2023. The average age was 22.

Round table discussion. The management of proximal scaphoid nonunion.

The management of scaphoid nonunion, although relatively common, continues to pose challenges, especially if complicated by avascular necrosis of the proximal pole, humpback or dorsal intercalated segment instability deformities, and early scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse. In this round table article, four surgeons were asked to answer key questions on a clinical example of a proximal scaphoid nonunion to outline their approach and rationale in their preferred treatment choices. The current panel of experts leans towards arthroscopic methods of treatment and most agree that arthroscopic bone grafting has become an important and revolutionary treatment option, which has yielded excellent results.

Robot-assisted percutaneous scaphoid fixation: patient-reported outcomes and learning curve at two centres.

This study describes patient-reported outcomes of robot-assisted percutaneous scaphoid fracture fixation of 62 patients from two medical centres and the learning curve of this new technique. One attempt to place the guidewire was sufficient in 97% of cases. All fractures achieved radiographic union at a mean of 9 weeks.

Delivery of liquid metal particles and tanshinone IIA into the pericardial cavity for myocardial infarction treatment.

Owing to their inherent flexibility and excellent biocompatibility, liquid metals (LMs) have been explored at the frontiers of clinical therapy. Herein, a LM and tanshinone IIA (TA) drugs were dispersed into sodium alginate (SA) solution by ultrasonication to prepare SA/LM/TA, which is an injectable biomaterial for stable drug release and intrapericardial injection for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). The SA/LM/TA has a low viscosity and can be injected smoothly using a syringe.

Enhanced understanding of cinnamaldehyde's therapeutic potential in osteoarthritis through bioinformatics and mechanistic validation of its anti-apoptotic effect.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a globally prevalent joint disorder affecting approximately 240 million individuals worldwide. Cinnamaldehyde, known for its broad anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects across various cell types, has not been investigated for its potential impact on apoptosis in OA chondrocytes.

Methods: To explore the effectiveness of cinnamaldehyde in mitigating knee osteoarthritis by reducing chondrocyte apoptosis, bioinformatics analysis was first conducted to identify apoptosis-associated differentially expressed genes (APDEGs).

The clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of dedifferentiated central chondrosarcoma in extremities.

Objective: This study was to analyze the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of dedifferentiated central chondrosarcomas (DCCS) in extremities.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 49 patients (27 males, 22 females) who underwent surgical treatment between January 2001 and March 2023 in our institution. All patients were diagnosed with dedifferentiated central chondrosarcomas by needle biopsy or postoperative histopathological examination.

Systemic inflammation markers independently associated with increased mortality in individuals with hyperuricemia: Results from the NHANES prospective cohort study.

Background: Hyperuricemia is associated with increased systemic inflammation. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) are novel systemic inflammation markers and prognostic markers. However, no studies have evaluated the association between the SII/SIRI and mortality risk in individuals with hyperuricemia.

Targeting MCH Neuroendocrine Circuit in Lateral Hypothalamus to Protect Against Skeletal Senescence.

Neuroendocrine regulation is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. However, whether neuroendocrine pathway influence bone metabolism and skeletal senescence is unelucidated. Here, a central neuroendocrine circuit is identified that directly controls osteogenesis.

Nanomaterials: Recent Advances in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment.

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most prevalent degenerative joint condition that places a substantial financial and medical burden on society. However, due to drawbacks such as inefficiency, adverse effects, and brief duration of action, the clinical efficacy of the current major therapies for knee OA is largely restricted. Therefore, novel medication development is highly required to address these issues.

The novel HSP90 monoclonal antibody 9B8 ameliorates articular cartilage degeneration by inhibiting glycolysis via the HIF-1 signaling pathway.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic degenerative disease that affects the bones and joints, particularly in middle-aged and elderly individuals. It is characterized by progressive joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and deformity. Notably, treatment with a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor has significantly curtailed cartilage destruction in a rat model of OA.

Causal relationship between Interleukin-27 expression levels and osteoporosis: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between Interleukin-27 (IL-27) and osteoporosis by bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: Firstly, the genome-wide association study summary data of osteoporosis (finn-b-M13_OSTEOPOROSIS) and IL-27 levels (ebi-a-GCST90012017) were picked out from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) OpenGWAS database. After filtrating instrumental variables (IVs), the bidirectional MR analysis between IL-27 levels and osteoporosis was performed by MR-Egger, Weighted median, Simple mode, Weighted mode, and Inverse variance weighted (IVW).