Development of Patient-Derived Preclinical Platform for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: PDOX and a Subsequent Organoid Model System Using Percutaneous Biopsy Samples.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal malignant tumor and more than 50% patients are diagnosed at metastatic stage. The preclinical model systems that reflect the genetic heterogeneity of metastatic tumors are urgently needed to guide optimal treatment. This study describes the development of patient-derived preclinical platform using very small sized-percutaneous liver gun biopsy (PLB) of metastatic pancreatic cancer, based on patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-mediated tissue amplification and subsequent organoid generation.

Identification of Significant Prognostic Tissue Markers Associated with Survival in Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Patients Treated with Radical Nephroureterectomy: A Retrospective Immunohistochemical Analysis Using Tissue Microarray.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic tissue markers for several survival outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy among patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry.

Materials And Methods: Retrospectively, data of 162 non-metastatic patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy between 2004 and 2016 were reviewed to determine intravesical recurrence-free survival (IVRFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). The expression of 27 tissue markers on a tissue microarray of radical nephroureterectomy samples and prognostic values of clinicopathological parameters were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and Cox proportional hazard models after adjusting for significant prognostic clinicopathological variables.

A Retrospective Analysis of the Impact of Metastasectomy on Prognostic Survival According to Metastatic Organs in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

This study evaluated the effects of metastasectomy on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) according to metastatic organs. The medical records (2005-2017) of 273 patients with mRCC were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate OS and PFS according to metastatic organs and their metastasectomy states. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the prognostic significance of metastasectomy.

Association of CHFR Promoter Methylation with Treatment Outcomes of Irinotecan-Based Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Aberrant promoter methylation plays a vital role in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, its role in treatment responses is unclear, especially for metastatic disease. Here, we investigated the association between promoter methylation and treatment outcomes of irinotecan-based chemotherapy in 102 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Targeting CD46 Enhances Anti-Tumoral Activity of Adenovirus Type 5 for Bladder Cancer.

CD46 is generally overexpressed in many human cancers, representing a prime target for CD46-binding adenoviruses (Ads). This could help to overcome low anti-tumoral activity by coxsackie-adenoviral receptor (CAR)-targeting cancer gene therapy viruses. However, because of scarce side-by-side information about CAR and CD46 expression levels in cancer cells, mixed observations of cancer therapeutic efficacy have been observed.

Osteopontin Protects Colonic Mucosa from Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Acute Colitis in Mice by Regulating Junctional Distribution of Occludin.

Background: Osteopontin (OPN) has been reported to play an important role in intestinal mucosal protection. Although OPN may have positive effects on tight junctions, the exact relationship between OPN and tight junctions has yet to be elucidated.

Aims: To investigate the role of OPN on tight junctions.

Nafamostat mesilate negatively regulates the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacking of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 is a highly malignant disease which results in a poor prognosis and rare treatment options. Despite the use of conventional chemotherapy for TNBC tumours, resistance and short duration responses limit the treatment efficacy. Therefore, a need exists to develop a new chemotherapy for TNBC.

Ninjurin1 Is Up-regulated in Circulating Prostate Tumor Cells and Plays a Critical Role in Prostate Cancer Cell Motility.

Background/aim: Ninjurin1 is a 17-kDa membrane protein that is highly expressed in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) obtained from locally-advanced prostate cancer patients. As CTCs are implicated in the initiation of distant metastasis, we examined the potential contribution of Ninjurin1 to the motility of prostate cancer cells.

Materials And Methods: Ninjurin1 expression was evaluated in CTCs harvested from seven locally advanced patients with no metastatic hallmarks using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Efficacy of CD46-targeting chimeric Ad5/35 adenoviral gene therapy for colorectal cancers.

CD46 is a complement inhibitor membrane cofactor which also acts as a receptor for various microbes, including species B adenoviruses (Ads). While most Ad gene therapy vectors are derived from species C and infect cells through coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR), CAR expression is downregulated in many cancer cells, resulting inefficient Ad-based therapeutics. Despite a limited knowledge on the expression status of many cancer cells, an increasing number of cancer gene therapy studies include fiber-modified Ad vectors redirected to the more ubiquitously expressed CD46.

Ad5/35E1aPSESE4: A novel approach to marking circulating prostate tumor cells with a replication competent adenovirus controlled by PSA/PSMA transcription regulatory elements.

Circulating tumor cells serve as useful biomarkers with which to identify disease status associated with survival, metastasis and drug sensitivity. Here, we established a novel application for detecting PSA/PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells circulating in peripheral blood employing an adenovirus called Ad5/35E1aPSESE4. Ad5/35E1aPSESE4 utilized PSES, a chimeric enhancer derived from PSA/PSMA promoters that is highly active with and without androgen.

Overexpression of integrin αv correlates with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer.

Aims: Integrin αv subunits are involved in tumour angiogenesis and tumour progression in various types of cancers. Clinical trials evaluating agents targeting integrin αv are ongoing. Integrin αv expression has been reported in several cancers in association with tumour progression or poor survival.

Endotracheal Metastasis Seen on FDG PET/CT in a Patient with Previous Colorectal Cancer.

Endotracheal/endobronchial metastasis, which is from either primary bronchogenic carcinoma or a tumor of non-pulmonary origin, is a rare but life-threatening condition. Among the different locations in the tracheobronchial tree, the trachea is an extremely rare location for metastasis from extrapulmonary tumor. To the best of our knowledge, endotracheal metastasis that was clearly visualized by F-18 FDG PET/CT has not been previously reported.