[Structural and functional features of the main arteries of the brain and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in people with chronic non-infectious diseases].

Objective: To investigate the structural and functional characteristics of the carotid and vertebral arteries and their relationship with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in patients with chronic non-infectious diseases (CNIDs), considering sex differences.

Unlabelled: Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data of 760 patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (average age 52.

[Prevalence, age and gender features of chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus].

Aim: To study the prevalence, age and gender characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials And Methods: In a case-control study, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed in 683 patients with DM (4.6% of patients with type 1 DM and 95.

[New data on the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke: epigenetic mechanisms in focus].

Epigenetics is a branch of molecular biology that studies modifications able to change gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modulations include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs. These heritable and modifiable gene changes can be caused by lifestyle and dietary factors.

[Urolithiasis in HIV-positive patients: prevalence and risk factors].

Today, the total number of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is 43.8 million. From the moment of infection to the terminal stage of the disease, the risk of stone formation progressively increases.

Differentiation of Bos grunniens and Bos taurus based on STR locus polymorphism.

Differentiation of closely related biological species using molecular genetic analysis is important for breeding farm animals, creating hybrid lines, maintaining the genetic purity of breeds, lines and layering. Bos grunniens and Bos taurus differentiation based on STR locus polymorphism will help maintain the genetic isolation of these species and identify hybrid individuals. The aim of this study is to assess the differentiating potential of 15 microsatellite loci to distinguish between domestic yak (B.

The Spectrum of Germline Nucleotide Variants in Gastric Cancer Patients in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Gastric cancer is a major challenge in modern oncology due to its high detection rate and prevalence. While sporadic cases make up the majority of gastric cancer, hereditary gastric cancer is caused by germline mutations in several genes linked to different syndromes. Thus, identifying hereditary forms of gastric cancer is considered crucial globally.

A genogeographic study of the Kyrgyz mountain merino via microsatellite markers.

The aim was to ascertain the genetic and geographical structure of the Kyrgyz mountain merino (KMM). We analyzed DNA samples of 109 Kyrgyz mountain merino specimens, bred in three state breeding factories (STB), including "Orgochor" in the Issykul Province, "Katta-Taldyk" in the Osh Province and STb named after Luschikhin in the Talas Province. We identified 126 alleles in 12 microsatellite markers (McM042, INRA006, McM527, ETH152, CSRD247, OarFCB20, INRA172, INRA063, MAF065, MAF214, INRA005, INRA023).

[Chronic cerebral ischemia in therapeutic hospital patients].

Objective: To study the features of clinical and functional manifestations of the syndrome of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) in therapeutic patients.

Material And Methods: Patients (=577) in therapeutic departments were selected by random sampling. Of these, 277 patients had verified CCI.

[Functional state of kidneys and cardiovascular risk in patients with urolithiasis in an outpatient setting].

Aim: To analyze the functional state of the kidneys and vascular stiffness in patients with urinary stone disease in an outpatient setting.

Material And Methods: A total of 110 patients with urinary stone disease aged 17-72 years were included in the study. The stone size was 2,67 (1,90-3,49) mm.

[Modern biomarkers of renal dysfunction in the elderly and senile age: clinical and prognostic significance.].

In the presented work, the role of modern biomarkers of kidney dysfunction in elderly (n=97) and senile (n=18) patients was investigated. A clinical and laboratory examination was performed with an assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the CKD-EPI formula. Serum levels of cystatin C and metabolism of beta-2-microglobulin (β2-MG) were assessed.

[Bidirectionality of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with urolithiasis: current state of the problem].

The most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease and urolithiasis are presented in the article. Data on the prevalence of urolithiasis are discussed, as well as the pathogenetic mechanisms of stone formation in patients with metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension. The bi-directional relationship of cardiovascular risk factors and urolithiasis is generalized.

[Correlations between parameters of central hemodynamics and cytokine profile in chronic kidney disease in combination with cerebrovascular diseases].

Aim: To study the relationship between central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness indicators with cystatin C, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-(IL)-10 in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in combination with cerebrovascular diseases (CEV).

Material And Methods: One hundred and twenty patients, aged from 19 to 81 years, with signs of chronic renal dysfunction, including 73 with CKD (1st group) and 47 with CKD in combination with CEH (group 2), were examined. 'AngioScan' (Russia) was used to study indices of arterial rigidity.

[Molecular mechanisms of aging: the role of oxidative stress and epigenetic modifications.].

Aging is a multifactorial process characterized by the gradual loss of physiological functions, which leads to increased vulnerability of the organism to age-related diseases and, finally, to death. To explain the nature of aging, several theories have been proposed, one of which relates aging to damage to cell structures and DNA caused by free radicals. However, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that molecular mechanisms of aging are also associated with epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, non-coding RNA and histone changes.

[Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers of chronic kidney disease].

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a supra - nosological term that reflects the progressive nature of chronic kidney diseases, which are based on the mechanisms of nephrosclerosis. Diagnosis of CKD at the earliest stages is of great importance, because it allows, by using therapeutic agents, to slow the progression of renal dysfunction and the development of cardiovascular complications. However, the currently available methods for diagnosing renal function impairment, including the determination of endogenous creatinine clearance, can detect renal dysfunction too late, when around 40-50% of the renal parenchyma is already reversibly or irreversibly damaged.

[The relationship of hypertriglyceridemia and left ventricular remodeling types in patients with chronic kidney disease].

Aim: To assess the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia (THG) and left ventricular remodeling types in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).

Materials And Methods: A total of 152 patients with CKD from stages 1 to 3 were examined, 98 of them with CKD without THG (subgroup 1) and 54 with CKD and THG. All patients were assessed for the parameters of anthropometry, hemodynamics, lipid spectrum, uric acid, calcium, C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum cystatin C measurement with calculation of glomerular filtration rate.

[Bilateral impact of cardiorenal relationships in the nephrotic syndrome.].

To study and analyze the cardiorenal relationships in nephrotic syndrome, taking into account sex differences. A total of 272 patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) aged 16 to 65 years were examined. All patients underwent general clinical examination, electro-and echocardiography, assessment of peripheral and biochemical blood counts.

Pentoxifylline and nephroprotection: effects on renal dysfunction and cardiovascular risks.

Generalized data on nephroprotective efficacy of pentoxifylline in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are presented. The potential of this drug in treating people suffering from CKD and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with a high risk of developing the terminal stage of renal dysfunction is considered. Antiproteinuric, antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of pentoxifylline significantly reduce the risk of progression of CKD and joining of CVD in the future.

[Not Available].

Steady increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem, since CKD potentially leads to the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that requires high-cost replacement therapy and is closely associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the cause of death in most patients. Progression of renal dysfunction and development of CVD are significantly affected by hyper- and dyslipidemia. This review contains results of studies evaluating the effect of hypolipidemic therapy on reduction of cardiovascular risk and slowdown of renal dysfunction in patients with CKD at pre-dialysis and dialysis stages of renal failure, as well as in patients with kidney transplant.

Inhibition of HIF-prolyl 4-hydroxylases as a promising approach to the therapy of cardiometabolic diseases.

Prolyl-4-hydroxylases of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-P4Hs) are enzymes that, under the conditions of normoxia, cause degradation of the HIF-transcriptional protein, which regulates a number of metabolic processes, including erythropoiesis, glucose level and lipid metabolism. In hypoxic conditions, on the contrary, their activity is suppressed and HIF stabilization takes place. This mechanism, i.

[The gender features of disorders of composition of lipids of blood serum in patients with chronic pathology of kidneys.].

The purpose of the study was to investigate gender features of abnormalities of blood serum lipid composition and their relationship with clinical and functional manifestations in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study covered patients with CKD at pre-dialysis stage of disease, aged 17 - 71 years (average age 37.3±13.

[Renal dysfunction and indicators of arterial hormity in persons of elderly and senile age.].

In the presented paper had been examined parameters of arterial stiffness (stiffness index, SI m/s; reflection index, RI%; augmentation index, Alp; biological age of the vascular system, VA years; age index, AGI; alternative stiffness index, aSI; index of increase in HP=75, Aiр 75%), central arterial pressure and cystatin C content in serum. A totally were examined 98 persons (women, n=45 and men, n=53) elderly and older. A comparative analysis of arterial stiffness and its relationship with blood cystatin C in the examined groups with gender differences taken into account.

[Evaluation of nephrocerebral risk with the use of cystatin C in patients with chronic kidney disease].

Aim: To study a role of cystatin C in the nephrocerebral risk in chronic kidney disease at the initial stage of the disease.

Material And Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight patients (63 men and 65 women) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were examined at the pre-dialysis stage of the disease. All patients underwent a complex clinical and laboratory examination with determination of the lipid spectrum, uric acid, fibrinogen, calcium and cystatin C, and subsequent calculation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

[MicroRNA in ischemic stroke].

Today, stroke is the third most common pathology after cardiovascular disease and cancer, as well as the leading cause of disability in the world. Although some progress has been made in the field of primary and secondary stroke prevention over the past few decades, a deeper knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease is needed to significantly improve diagnosis and therapy. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an important, recently identified class of posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression.

[Liver diseases: The pathogenetic role of the gut microbiome and the potential of treatment for its modulation].

The paper gives an update on the role of the gut microbiome (GM) in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis (LC), and its complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and discusses the possibilities of its correction with prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The pathophysiology of the liver diseases in question demonstrates some common features that are characterized by pathogenic changes in the composition of the gastrointestinal tract microflora, by intestinal barrier impairments, by development of endotoxemia, by increased liver expression of proinflammatory factors, and by development of liver inflammation. In progressive liver disease, the above changes are more pronounced, which contributes to the development of LC, HE, and HCC.

[Gender features of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis at the pre-dialysis stage of the disease].

Aim: To identify the gender differences of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) at the pre-dialysis stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Subjects And Methods: A total of 170 patients (median age 40±11 years) with CGN who did not receive hemodialysis were examined. According to gender, all patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 66 female patients with CGN; 2) 104 male patients with CGN.