Cerebellar injury in premature neonates: Imaging findings and relationship with outcome.

Cerebellar hemorrhagic injury (CHI) is a common complication of preterm birth. There are now many studies that have investigated the developmental consequences of CHI. This review summarizes the present state of evidence regarding the outcomes of prematurity related CHI, with a particular focus on the neuroimaging characteristics associated with adverse outcomes.

A Composite Lactide-Mineral 3D-Printed Scaffold for Bone Repair and Regeneration.

Orthopedic tumor resection, trauma, or degenerative disease surgeries can result in large bone defects and often require bone grafting. However, standard autologous bone grafting has been associated with donor site morbidity and/or limited quantity. As an alternate, allografts with or without metallic or polyether-etherketone have been used as grafting substitutes.

Toll-like receptor 2 induced senescence in intervertebral disc cells of patients with back pain can be attenuated by o-vanillin.

Background: There is an increased level of senescent cells and toll-like teceptor-1, -2, -4, and -6 (TLR) expression in degenerating intervertebral discs (IVDs) from back pain patients. However, it is currently not known if the increase in expression of TLRs is related to the senescent cells or if it is a more general increase on all cells. It is also not known if TLR activation in IVD cells will induce cell senescence.

Does the "Devil" originate from the fallopian tubes?

Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous disease and continues to be mostly diagnosed in advanced stages. The high lethality, the high rate of platinum-resistance, and the poor survival outcomes are the principal factors for categorizing OC among the most aggressive gynecological cancers. Only recently, a substantial progress has been made in our latest understanding of the origins of OC, particularly of high-grade serous histology.

Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting Lexicon for MRI: A White Paper of the ACR Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data Systems MRI Committee.

MRI is used in the evaluation of ovarian and adnexal lesions. MRI can further characterize lesions seen on ultrasound to help decrease the number of false-positive lesions and avoid unnecessary surgery in benign lesions. Currently, the reporting of ovarian and adnexal findings on MRI is inconsistent because of the lack of standardized descriptor terminology.

Investigating the effect of pretreatment with azithromycin on inflammatory mediators in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke.

Macrolide therapy is effective in reducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Our recent study has shown the effectiveness of taking azithromycin in COPD patients, not only ex-smokers but also current smokers. Beyond their anti-microbial effects, macrolides have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.

Repurposing anticancer drugs for the management of COVID-19.

Since its outbreak in the last December, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread worldwide at a pandemic proportion and thus is regarded as a global public health emergency. The existing therapeutic options for COVID-19 beyond the intensive supportive care are limited, with an undefined or modest efficacy reported so far. Drug repurposing represents an enthusiastic mechanism to use approved drugs outside the scope of their original indication and accelerate the discovery of new therapeutic options.

A pilot non-inferiority randomized controlled trial to assess automatic adjustments of insulin doses in adolescents with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections therapy.

Background: Multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy for type 1 diabetes involves basal and bolus insulin doses. Non-optimal insulin doses contribute to the lack of satisfactory glycemic control. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an algorithm that optimizes daily basal and bolus doses using glucose monitoring systems for MDI therapy users.

Structural and biochemical characterization of the exopolysaccharide deacetylase Agd3 required for Aspergillus fumigatus biofilm formation.

The exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (GAG) is an important virulence factor of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Deletion of a gene encoding a putative deacetylase, Agd3, leads to defects in GAG deacetylation, biofilm formation, and virulence. Here, we show that Agd3 deacetylates GAG in a metal-dependent manner, and is the founding member of carbohydrate esterase family CE18.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery for HPV-associated locoregionally advanced oropharynx cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (NAC + S), a paradigm based on systemic escalation coupled with surgery-based de-escalation, is under investigation for treatment of HPV-associated oropharynx cancer (OPC).

Methods: Prospective cohort of patients with non-metastatic, p16 positive OPC enrolled in a clinical trial of NAC + S was compared to a historic cohort of patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) to compare disease-free survival (DFS).

Results: Fifty-five patients were treated with NAC + S and 142 with CCRT.

Reference values for the Unsupported Upper Limb Exercise test in healthy adults in Brazil.

Objective: To establish reference values for the Unsupported Upper Limb EXercise (UULEX) test, which measures peak arm exercise capacity, in healthy adults in Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, involving presumably healthy individuals ≥ 30 years of age who completed questionnaires and underwent spirometry. All of the individuals underwent two UULEX tests 30-min apart.

Pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HPV-associated oropharynx cancer.

Background: A paradigm shift has led to de-escalation trials for the treatment of HPV-positive oropharynx cancer (OPC). The objective of this study was to assess the ability of tumor volume reduction on imaging to predict pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HPV-positive OPC.

Methods: A prospective observational study of 54 patients with HPV-positive OPC enrolled in a clinical trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery was performed.

Population-level evaluation of complications after catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure.

Introduction: Catheter ablation (CA) has been increasingly used to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure (HF), however, its safety at the population-level has not yet been evaluated. To assess the safety of CA in AF-HF patients, the frequency and potential risk factors for adverse events (AEs) within 30 days post-CA were determined.

Methods: A population-based cohort of AF-HF patients who underwent CA in Quebec, Canada (2000-2017) was constructed using administrative databases.

Histologic features and genomic alterations of primary colorectal adenocarcinoma predict growth patterns of liver metastasis.

Background: Different histological growth patterns (HGPs) of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) liver metastasis are associated with patients' prognosis and response to antiangiogenic therapy. However, the relationship between HGPs of liver metastasis and clinicopathological and genomic characteristics of primary cancer has not been well established.

Aim: To assess whether certain clinicopathological and genomic features of primary CRC could predict the HGPs of liver metastasis.

Correction to: Rehmanniae Radix Preparata suppresses bone loss and increases bone strength through interfering with canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in OVX rats.

There was a mistake in the part of OVX rats model and RRP intervention in the original publication.

Molecular mechanism of biofilm disruption by fungal and bacterial glycoside hydrolases.

During infection, the fungal pathogen forms biofilms that enhance its resistance to antimicrobials and host defenses. An integral component of the biofilm matrix is galactosaminogalactan (GAG), a cationic polymer of α-1,4-linked galactose and partially deacetylated -acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Recent studies have shown that recombinant hydrolase domains from Sph3, an glycoside hydrolase involved in GAG synthesis, and PelA, a multifunctional protein from involved in Pel polysaccharide biosynthesis, can degrade GAG, disrupt biofilms, and attenuate fungal virulence in a mouse model of invasive aspergillosis.

Ionizing Radiation in Interventional Cardiology and Electrophysiology.

Fluoroscopy-guided procedures constitute a major part in the practice of cardiology. These procedures are also a source of human-made ionizing radiation. Although the benefits of performing the procedure surpass the radiogenic risks in most cases, the risks are not negligible.

Risk of Pneumonitis and Pneumonia Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of pneumonitis and pneumonia associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for solid tumors. The following keywords were used in searching the Embase and PubMed database: pneumonitis, pneumonia, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The data was analyzed by using the R software and Metafor package.

Applying modern measurement approaches to constructs relevant to evidence-based practice among Canadian physical and occupational therapists.

Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a complex process. To quantify it, one has to also consider individual and contextual factors using multiple measures. Modern measurement approaches are available to optimize the measurement of complex constructs.

Aqueous Extract of Exerts Bone Protective Effect Through Regulation of Calcium and Redox Homeostasis via PTH/VDR/CaBP and AGEs/RAGE/Nox4/NF-κB Signaling in Diabetic Rats.

The present study is aimed to explore whether the aqueous extract of (MF) exhibits bone protective effect by regulating calcium and redox homeostasis in diabetic rats, and to identify the signaling pathways involved in this process. Diabetic rats were established using high-sugar and high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days). The serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)D], parathormone (PTH), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were determined by ELISA or biochemical assays.

Serum level of co-expressed hub miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Sensitive and specific non-invasive biomarkers are urgently needed in order to improve the survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. We aim to identify serum hub miRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PDAC. A total of 2578 serum miRNA expression data from 88 PDAC patients and 19 healthy subjects were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.