The State Scientific Automated Medical Registry, Kazakhstan: an important resource for low-dose radiation health research.

Direct quantitative assessment of health risks following exposure to ionizing radiation is based on findings from epidemiological studies. Populations affected by nuclear bomb testing are among those that allow such assessment. The population living around the former Soviet Union's Semipalatinsk nuclear test site is one of the largest human cohorts exposed to radiation from nuclear weapons tests.

Studies of Health Effects from Nuclear Testing near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, Kazakhstan.

The nuclear bomb testing conducted at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site in Kazakhstan is of great importance for today's radiation protection research, particularly in the area of low dose exposures. This type of radiation is of particular interest due to the lack of research in this field and how it impacts population health. In order to understand the possible health effects of nuclear bomb testing, it is important to determine what studies have been conducted on the effects of low dose exposure and dosimetry, and evaluate new epidemiologic data and biological material collected from populations living in proximity to the test site.

Radiation risk factors in incidence and mortality among exposed individuals of East Kazakhstan.

Introduction: Lengthy clinical and epidemiological studies at the Research Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology have discovered basic patterns of long-term effects from ionizing radiation in population groups exposed to radiation risk. Methodology for calculating injury from radiation risk factors has been developed and implemented to minimize the effects of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS).

Material And Methods: We analyzed materials from the database of the Scientific Medical Register that were exposed to radiation as a result of SNTS.

Uranium isotopes in well water samples as drinking sources in some settlements around the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, Kazakhstan.

Radiochemical results of U isotopes (U, U and U) and their activity ratios are reported for well waters as local sources of drinking waters collected from the ten settlements around the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS), Kazakhstan. The results show that U varies widely from 3.6 to 356 mBq/L (0.

Diagnosis of thyroid cancer in children: value of gray-scale and power doppler US.

Purpose: To prospectively analyze the accuracy of various diagnostic criteria for cancer in solid thyroid nodules in children on the basis of gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasonographic (US) findings.

Materials And Methods: The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board, and patient's parents gave full informed consent. One hundred three consecutive pediatric patients with solid thyroid nodules were included in the study.

Accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound for thyroid volume measurement in children and adolescents.

The aim of this study was to estimate accuracy, intraobserver variability, and repeatability of thyroid volume measurement by ultrasound using conventional two-dimensional ellipsoid model (2D US) and manual planimetry of three-dimensional images (3D US). The sonographic images of 47 children with thyroid nodular pathology who were referred for thyroid surgery in Belarus were evaluated prospectively. Two-dimensional images were acquired using the ultrasound scanner with 7.

Three-dimensional ultrasonography for volume measurement of thyroid nodules in children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of thyroid nodule volume measurements performed by 2- and 3-dimensional ultrasonography and to evaluate the dependence of volume measurement results on nodule size and echographic characteristics.

Methods: Results of multiple 2- and 3-dimensional ultrasonographic volume measurements of thyroid nodules in 102 children with different variants of thyroid nodular disease were reviewed retrospectively. The standardized difference, within-observer variability, and repeatability were estimated for both 2- and 3-dimensional ultrasonography.

The Semipalatinsk nuclear test site: a first analysis of solid cancer incidence (selected sites) due to test-related radiation.

Since 1956, cancer incidences have been analysed in several rayons of the Semipalatinsk oblast, with cross-sectional analyses being conducted every 5 years. Data on different tumor localizations were recorded within a heavily contaminated so-called main area of nine villages (estimated average effective equivalent dose about 2000 mSv) and a so-called control area (estimated average effective equivalent dose about 70 mSv), each including approximately 10000 persons. Up to 1970, the excess cancer incidence in the exposed villages was observed to have increased; after 1970, a decrease was noted, followed by a second increase in the late 1980s.

Use of computer TV morphodensitometry to study epigenetic changes in blood lymphocytes from children affected by low-dose irradiation.

A novel method, computer TV morphodensitometry, was used to evaluate the effects of low-dose irradiation on peripheral blood lymphocytes from children affected by the Chernobyl disaster. This method uses digitized images to detect and measure changes in chromatin shape and density and to produce two-dimensional and three-dimensional pictures. Images can then be stored to create a video archive.