Side Effects of Brolucizumab.

Age-related macular degeneration and its complication, subretinal neovascularization, are common causes of progressive, irreversible impairment of central vision. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has improved the visual outcome and provided an evolution in the treatment of retinal disease. The current four anti-VEGF drugs - pegaptanib, ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab - have been administered for many years.

Variable Expressivity of Wolfram Syndrome in a Family with Multiple Affected Subjects.

Purpose: To study the genetic basis and clinical manifestations of Wolfram syndrome in a multi-affected family.

Methods: Complete clinical examinations including urological, ophthalmic, neurological, and endocrinologic assessment were performed for three affected family members. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes with salting out method and all exons and their flanking regions were sequenced.

Carrier Status for p.Gly61Glu and p.Arg368His Mutations Causing Primary Congenital Glaucoma in Iran.

Purpose: To estimate carrier frequencies of mutations p.Gly61Glu and p.Arg368His, respectively, in Talesh and the east of Guilan province in Iran with a maximum error of 2%.

Progression in pediatric glaucoma: lessons learnt from 8 years' follow-up.

Background: Surgical procedures are used as 1 of the main treatment modalities for pediatric glaucoma, even though progression may occur. In this study, we aimed to investigate the risk factors affecting the progression of pediatric glaucoma.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with pediatric glaucoma between April 2009 and March 2017.

Prenatal diagnosis of primary congenital glaucoma and histopathological features in a fetal globe with mutations.

Background/objectives: This study aims to report the developmental and histopathological features of ocular tissues from an electively aborted human fetus with mutations in , and thus predisposed to primary congenital glaucoma in comparison to an age-matched healthy fetal globe.

Subjects/methods: Both eyes of two 17-week gestational aged fetuses, the first with mutations and the second as healthy control fetus, were studied. Hematoxylin and eosin, Periodic acid-Schiff, Gomori's trichrome, and Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining protocols in addition to immunohistochemistry staining using anti-cytochrome p4501B1, anti-fibrillin-1, and anti-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal antibodies, as primary antibodies, were performed to assess the effect of the mutations on tissue development, cytochrome p4501B1 protein expression, extracellular matrix structure, and oxidative stress in the developing fetus eye.

Retinal Vascular Response to Hyperoxia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the retinal vascular response to hyperoxia in patients with diabetes at the preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to quantify the changes in comparison with normal subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: In this prospective study, 40 eyes of 20 participants comprising 10 diabetic patients with no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) and 10 normal subjects were recruited. OCTA images were acquired in the resting position and were repeated after a hyperoxic challenge using a nasal mask connected to a reservoir bag supplying 100% oxygen at the rate of 15 L per minute for 5 minutes.

Macular vessel density reduction in patients recovered from COVID-19: a longitudinal optical coherence tomography angiography study.

Background/aims: To quantify the longitudinal changes of the macular microvasculature and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters in patients recovered from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) analysis.

Methods: This observational, longitudinal study was performed on patients recovered from COVID-19. The OCTA images were recorded at baseline and after 1 and 3 months at the follow-up examination.

Intraocular Pressure Changes in the Contralateral Eye After Glaucoma Surgery.

Prcis: Glaucoma surgery in 1 eye can result in significant intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in the fellow eye in a significant percentage of subjects. This effect is more pronounced following glaucoma drainage device implantation and in subjects developing postoperative hypotony in the first eye.

Purpose: The aim was to investigate the course and magnitude of IOP changes in contralateral eyes following glaucoma surgery.

Application of a Mapping Method in the Analysis of Electroretinogram in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of degenerative retinal diseases characterized by mutations in genes affecting retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) function, as well as mutations directly involving photoreceptors. This paper aims to evaluate a nonlinear method to distinguish between the RP and normal eye based on the Electroretinogram (ERG) signal.

Method: ERG signal was recorded from 28 eyes of patients with the RP and 32 normal eyes.

A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Infectious and Non-infectious Conjunctivitis.

Purpose: To systematically review and critically appraise clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and summarise the recommendations for non-infectious and infectious conjunctivitis.

Methods: CPGs published on non-infectious and infectious conjunctivitis between 2010 and March 2020 were reviewed, evaluated, and selected using nine items from the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool (4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 22 and 23). CPGs with an average score for items 4, 7, 8, 12, or 22 below 3 and/or a sum of the two researchers' average score for all nine items less than 45 were excluded.

Retinal Vascular Abnormalities in Different Types of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To investigate the retinal vascular characteristics among patients with different types of inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs).

Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 59 genetically confirmed cases of IRD including 37 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (74 eyes), 13 patients with Stargardt disease (STGD) (26 eyes), and 9 patients with cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) (18 eyes). Both eyes of 50 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were investigated as controls.

Normal Exophthalmometry Values in Iranian Population: A Meta-analysis.

There are limited studies on the normal values of eye protrusion in Iran. Systematic efforts to provide acceptable normal exophthalmometry values for Iranian population are required for a proper approach to orbital diseases.English and Farsi language publications in PubMed, the ISI Web of Knowledge database, Iranian SID, and Iran Medex were searched using the following keywords: "proptosis", "eye protrusion", "exophthalmous", "Hertel exophthalmometer" and "Iran".

Ocular Manifestations of the Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) or encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis is a non-inherited congenital disorder characterized by neurologic, skin, and ocular abnormalities. A somatic activating mutation (R183Q) in the gene during early embryogenesis has been recently recognized as the etiology of vascular abnormalities in SWS. Approximately, half of the patients with SWS manifest ocular involvement including glaucoma as the most common ocular abnormality followed by choroidal hemangioma (CH).

Potential Effect of Human Platelet Lysate on Expansion of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Compared with Y-27632 ROCK Inhibitor.

Purpose: Corneal endothelial cell (CEC) therapy can be used as a promising therapeutic option for patients with various corneal endothelial dysfunctions. In this study, we compared the proliferative effect of human platelet lysate (HPL), as a xeno-free medium supplement, with Y-27632 Rho/rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, as a well-known proliferative and adhesive agent for CECs, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the control, in the culture medium of human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs).

Methods: We isolated HCECs from human donors and treated the cells as three different treatment groups including 20% HPL only, 10 μM Y-27632 ROCK inhibitor, combination of 20% HPL and 10 μM Y-27632 ROCK inhibitor, and 20% FBS as the control group.

Multimodal imaging in pachychoroid spectrum.

Diagnostic investigation on pachychoroid spectrum disease (PSD) has been growing along with the rapid advancement of imaging technology. In optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based studies, choroidal thickness profile, luminal and stromal choroidal ratio, and abnormalities in the neurosensory retina have demonstrated various patterns in different clinical entities related to PSD. The emerging role of OCT angiography ()CTA) has been expanded to involve the quantitative analysis of the OCTA parameters in different clinical entities of PSD and to evaluate the choriocapillaris signal void and vessel density as indicators of choriocapillaris ischemia.

Corona virus disease 2019-associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a case report.

Background: To report Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) in a patient with acute pneumonia secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Case Presentation: A 45-years-old woman with a diagnosis of acute pneumonia secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection who had received azithromycin and naproxen. Three days after starting the medication, she appeared ill and developed ocular discomfort, photophobia, dysuria, and macular rashes on the trunk and the extremities.

Network analysis and the impact of Aflibercept on specific mediators of angiogenesis in HUVEC cells.

Angiogenesis, inflammation and endothelial cells' migration and proliferation exert fundamental roles in different diseases. However, more studies are needed to identify key proteins and pathways involved in these processes. Aflibercept has received the approval of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of wet AMD and colorectal cancer.

New criteria for evaluation of electroretinogram in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Background: Electroretinogram (ERG) plays an essential role in the diagnosis of retinal disease. Choosing appropriate methods could extract valuable information from ERG. In this study, a new criterion based on time-frequency domain analysis was proposed to investigate the retina in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients.

A new glaucoma drainage implant with the use of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A pilot study.

To investigate the implantation of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a glaucoma drainage device. This study has been done in two steps. First, the constructed implants have been used in 4 rabbits and the histopathologic response was evaluated.