Association of 2 Lysyl Oxidase Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Keratoconus: A Nationwide Registration Study.

Purpose: Keratoconus (KC) is the most common primary ectatic corneal disease, characterized by progressive thinning of the cornea, affecting its shape and structure and leading to visual loss. Lysyl oxidase is an important component of the extracellular matrix and contributes to the homeostasis of corneal stromal extracellular matrix via enzymatic reaction. This nationwide registration study aims to examine the association of KC with 2 known single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2956540 and rs10519694, in a population of Iranian descent.

Acetazolamide and bevacizumab combination therapy versus bevacizumab monotherapy in macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To determine and compare the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and oral acetazolamide (OA) combination therapy versus IVB monotherapy in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 54 eyes of 52 patients with RVO central macular thickness (CMT) of more than 300μm, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 20/400 and 20/40. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups: (I) IVB and OA (250mg twice daily) combination therapy or (II) IVB monotherapy.

Mini-Conjunctival Limbal Autograft (Mini-CLAU) Using Platelet-Rich Plasma Eye Drops (E-PRP): A Case Series.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to introduce a new method of limbal stem cell transplantation using autologous platelet-rich plasma (E-PRP) eye drops for unilateral total limbal stem cell deficiency.

Methods: Patients with total unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency due to chemical burn underwent mini-conjunctival limbal autograft using autologous E-PRP drops. One small limbal block, measuring 2 × 2 mm, was harvested from the patients' contralateral healthy eye and transplanted to the diseased eye.

Mustard Gas-Induced Ocular Surface Disorders: An Update on the Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Management.

Purpose: Mustard gas (MG) is a potent blistering and alkylating agent that has been used for military and terrorism purposes. Ocular surface injuries are common after exposure to MG. This review provides an update on the pathophysiology, ocular surface complications, and treatment options for MG-related ocular injuries.

Mortality and disability-adjusted life years for smoking-attributed cancers from 1990 to 2019 in the north Africa and middle east countries: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019.

Aim And Background: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cancers. The aim of the study is to estimate the trend of mortality and DALYs of smoking-attributed cancers in the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) countries.

Methods: In this study, estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD-2019) study were used to report the mortality and DALYs for 16 smoking-attributed cancers.

A joinpoint and age-period-cohort analysis of ocular cancer secular trends in Iran from 2004 to 2016.

Investigating secular trends of ocular cancer registration in Iran. After acquiring Iranian national population-based cancer registry data, trends of age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of ocular cancers and annual percent changes (APC) between 2004 and 2016 were analysed in age groups, gender, topography and morphology types with joinpoint regression analysis. Age, period, and cohort effects on incidence rates were estimated by age-period-cohort model.

The Influence of Near Vision Tasks on Intraocular Pressure in Normal Subjects and Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of static accommodative tasks on intraocular pressure (IOP) of glaucomatous and normal eyes.

Methods: Four groups of subjects categorized as primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure suspects (PACS), normal age-matched controls, and normal young adults (NYA; age 40 years) were enrolled. The baseline IOPs were measured after the subjects were looking at a distant target for 15 min.

The Inhibitory Effect of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Antibody on Postoperative Fibrosis in a Rabbit Model of Trabeculectomy.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of subconjunctival injection of an anti-connective tissue growth factor antibody (anti-CTGF) versus mitomycin-C (MMC) and placebo in reducing scar formation in a rabbit model of trabeculectomy.

Methods: A total of 14 rabbits were included. Nine rabbits underwent trabeculectomy with subconjunctival injections of either anti-CTGF antibody, MMC, or balanced salt solution (BSS), each administered in three eyes, before peritomy.

Job Satisfaction among Ophthalmologists in Iran.

Purpose: To estimate the level of job satisfaction among ophthalmologists in Iran and determine the associated factors that may impact their overall job satisfaction.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 181 ophthalmologists (79.0% male) were interviewed by the Warr-Cook-Wall questionnaire with 7-point-Likert scale, which transformed responses from a 0 (most dissatisfied) to 100 (most satisfied).

Neural differentiation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells on alginate/gelatin substrate.

Purpose: The development of biomaterials provides potent promise for the regeneration of neuroretinal cells in degenerative eye diseases and retinal tissue engineering. Biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments and specific growth factors motivate the differentiation of human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells toward a retinal neural lineage. In this study, we evaluated alginate/gelatin (A/G) as a substrate for the culture of hRPE cells.

A Review of Monkeypox Ocular Manifestations and Complications: Insights for the 2022 Outbreak.

Monkeypox (MPVX) infection has been associated with multiorgan presentations. Thus, monkeypox infection's early and late complications are of particular concern, prompting health systems to decipher threatening sequels and their possible countermeasures. The current article will review the clinical signs and symptoms of the present and former outbreaks, differential diagnoses, workup and treatment of the ocular manifestations of MPXV infection in detail.

Acute macular neuroretinopathy and COVID-19 vaccination: Case report and literature review.

Objective: To review cases of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) after COVID-19 vaccination and add a similar case to the literature.

Methods: A thorough PubMed search was conducted, and data from studies describing AMN after COVID-19 vaccination were extracted, tabulated, pooled, and reviewed.

Results: We present a case of AMN in a young woman 5 days after immunization with the BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) COVID-19 vaccine.

Penetrating Keratoplasty Versus Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for Advanced Stage of Keratoconus.

Purpose: To compare visual acuity, refractive error, and complications after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) vs deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in the management of advanced stage of keratoconus.

Design: Retrospective, comparative, interventional study.

Methods: This study enrolled 411 consecutive keratoconus eyes with preoperative mean keratometry ≥60 diopters (D) that received either PK (218 eyes) or DALK (193 eyes).

Retinal ischemic cascade: New insights into the pathophysiology and imaging findings.

Retinal ischemia gives rise to a complex spectrum in which the cumulative profile of ischemia of the middle and inner retina can be highly variable. We reviewed the current knowledge on paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) pathophysiology and accompanying risk factors, the middle and inner retinal vasculature and blood flow, and the vulnerability of the middle retina in vaso-occlusive disorders. The inner nuclear layer (INL) is easily affected by slight degrees of retinal hypoperfusion and ischemia.

In-line leukoreduction filters: A new source of microparticle for human and animal study.

Introduction: The isolation of microparticles (MPs) from leukoreduction filters (LRFs) during cell extraction process introduced LRFs as a precious source of MPs for animal and human study.

Method: LRFs were collected from Tehran Blood Transfusion Center. The back-flushing method was used for leukocyte extraction from the LRFs.

Smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure: implications in ocular disorders.

Purpose: This article aims to gather and review the available knowledge on several implications of smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in ocular disorders and provides pathomechanistic insights where applicable.

Materials And Methods: PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies on the association of smoking and ETS exposure with various ocular disorders. Studies with different evidence levels, e.

Capsulectomy Shunt Revision versus Repeat Shunt Implantation Following Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Failure in Refractory Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of capsulectomy shunt revision (CSR) compared with the implantation of a second Ahmed glaucoma valve (re-AGV) in glaucoma patients with failed shunts.

Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Subjects: Forty-six eyes with failed Ahmed glaucoma valves (AGVs) were included in the study; 25 underwent CSR, whereas 21 underwent re-AGV.

Augmented Expression of and Its Receptors in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Following Treatment with Human Amniotic Fluid.

Background: Nogo-A, a myelin-associated inhibitor for neurite outgrowth, has important role in visual system development. Trans-differentiation ability of human amniotic fluid (HAF) on human retinal pigment epithelial cells (hRPEs) towards neural progenitor cells has been observed in several studies. We aimed to investigate the expression of gene and its receptors as a marker of neural differentiation in HAF-treated hRPE cells.

In Vivo Intraocular Lens Thickness Measurement and Power Estimation Using Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To estimate the power of an implanted intraocular lens (IOL) by measuring IOL thickness using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and to assess the repeatability of measurements.

Methods: Ninety-seven eyes were studied one month after uneventful phacoemulsification within the bag Acrysof SA60AT IOL implantation (range +11 to +35). All eyes had postoperative refraction of 0.

Eye Bank Records on Pediatric Keratoplasty.

Purpose: To report eye bank records for pediatric keratoplasty in Iran between 2006 and 2019.

Methods: In a retrospective study, all electronic records of the Central Eye Bank of Iran for pediatric keratoplasty between April 2006 and March 2019 were analyzed in terms of indications for keratoplasty, surgical techniques, their corresponding trends, and post-transplantation graft clarity.

Results: Our database included 2178 eyes from 2050 pediatric cases.

Oral Vitamin D Supplementation and Clinical Outcomes of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection for Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusions.

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic response of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) to intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) with and without concomitant vitamin D supplementation.

Methods: Seventy eyes of 68 patients with macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) received three monthly IVB injections. Patients with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) higher than 30 ng/ml were considered as the sufficient group.

Investigation of the potential of leukoreduction filters in the creation of anti-inflammatory compound.

Background: Some viruses such as SARS, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS cause an imbalance in immune responses and leads to an acute inflammatory reaction named cytokine storm. In this situation, an anti-inflammatory component can modulate the immune system and decrease mortality. The aim of this study was investigate the potential of leukoreduction filters (LRFs) in creating an anti-inflammatory compound.