66 results match your criteria: "Research Institute for Nutritional Diseases[Affiliation]"

A short-term cancer initiation/promotion bioassay was established to screen 10 toxic strains of Fusarium moniliforme for their cancer promoting activity in rats. The assay consisted of a four week 'promoting' treatment, effected by incorporating culture material (5%) of each strain into the diet, commencing one week after an initiation treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg). The appearance of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive (GGT+) foci was used as an indication of promoting activity.

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Trichothecin was isolated and purified from corn cultures of a toxic strain of Fusarium graminearum. This strain, designated MRC 1125, was obtained from corn in southern Africa. The brine shrimp toxicity assay was used throughout the isolation procedure to monitor the toxicity of the fractions.

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Cultures on corn of Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826 are known to cause leukoencephalomalacia in horses and to be toxic and hepatocarcinogenic in rats. Culture material of this F. moniliforme isolate has also been shown to exhibit cancer-promoting activity in a short-term cancer initiation-promotion bioassay with diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats and the induction of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase-positive (GGT+) foci as an endpoint after 4 weeks of promotion.

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Glutathione (GSH) interacts both chemically and enzymatically with fusarin C, a mutagenic metabolite produced by Fusarium moniliforme. The chemical reaction, which is pH-dependent, results in the formation of both fusarin A and a compound that lacks the 2-pyrrolidone moiety thereby suggesting an interaction at the C-13-C-14 epoxide. Enzymatic interaction of fusarin C with GSH also appears to occur at this site as fusarins A and D, which lack the epoxide, do not serve as substrates for GSH-S-transferases.

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A cross-sectional study of tobacco-smoking habits and its relationship to other coronary risk factors in a large rural community of 7,188 white subjects aged 15-64 years, revealed that 48.1% of the men and 17.9% of the women were currently smoking; only 28.

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The cross-sectional relationship between reported alcohol consumption and coronary risk factors was investigated in the three-community Coronary Risk Factor Study (CORIS) population, consisting of 7,188 participants. Among drinkers of both sexes, the lowest level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, tobacco use, body mass index, total daily energy expenditure, uric acid and Bortner score were found at the lower end of the alcohol consumption range. Non-drinkers had higher mean values for most of these risk factors than light drinkers.

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In a dietary study on a subsample (1,113 males and females, 15-64 years of age) of the Coronary Risk Factor Study (CORIS) population, dietitians used the 24-hour recall method by interview to quantify nutrient intake and energy distribution and to investigate the relationship between dietary variables and blood lipid values. Mean total fat intakes varied from 35% to 37% of daily energy intake for different age groups. Dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratios varied from 0.

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The metabolic activation of fusarin C by a rat liver microsomal monooxygenase resulted in the formation of a water-soluble mutagenic metabolite. However, fusarin C incubated in the presence of a microsomal preparation, but in the absence of an NADPH-generating system, led to the formation of fusarin PM1, a highly water-soluble compound which, like fusarin C, requires metabolic activation to be mutagenic. Enzyme studies using as substrates fusarins A and D, compounds structurally related to fusarin C, together with structural studies of fusarin PM1 indicated that fusarin PM1 was formed by the action of carboxylesterase which hydrolyses the C-20 methyl ester group to a free carboxylic acid.

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The micronutrient intake of a group of 76 body-builders was studied. Sixty-three per cent of the subjects supplemented their diets with vitamin and mineral pills. The highest pill consumption was 87 pills per day.

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Cytopathology of the esophagus in Transkei.

J Natl Cancer Inst

November 1987

Research Institute for Nutritional Diseases, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg.

Esophageal brush biopsy capsules were used to prepare exfoliative cytologic smears of 1,000 residents of low-, intermediate-, and high-risk areas for esophageal cancer in Transkei, southern Africa. Satisfactory smears were obtained from 96.4% of the persons screened.

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This study compared the pathological and haematological effects of neosolaniol monoacetate in male Wistar rats with those of diacetoxyscirpenol, a highly toxic trichothecene mycotoxin. Both toxins caused statistically significant decreases in erythrocyte counts and increased the proportion of larger platelets compared to controls when dosed at 1 mg/kg body weight three times/wk for up to 5 wk. Lesions caused by treatment with either toxin at this dosage level were mild and were seen--mainly after 2-4 wk--in the actively dividing cells of the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow.

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1. Two groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were fed on high-cholesterol diets which differed only with respect to the protein source. In one group casein was the only protein source, while the other group received only soya-bean protein.

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The toxicity of corn culture material of Diplodia maydis to ducklings, chicken broilers, and laying hens was investigated. Screening trials in ducklings using a 50% dietary concentration of D. maydis culture material showed that thirteen out of sixteen isolates obtained from different corn samples from South Africa as well as ones from the US and Argentina were highly toxigenic.

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A method for the quantitative determination of the toxic fungal products diacetoxyscirpenol and T-2 toxin is described. Initially intended for the screening of fungal cultures grown on maize, it has subsequently been used successfully for the analysis of maize and oat grain samples. The method involves extraction with aqueous methanol followed by a two-stage clean-up procedure utilizing a commercial kieselguhr column and a silica gel cartridge.

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Extraction of a maize culture of a toxinogenic strain ofA. wentii led to the isolation and characterization of three anthraquinones, three bianthrones, a xanthone and a benzophenone. The structures were derived from spectroscopic data and were supported by chemical degradation.

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