An association between single nucleotide polymorphisms within TLR and TREM-1 genes and infective endocarditis.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an inflammatory condition of the lining of the heart chambers and valves, which is generally caused by bacteria. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) are key effectors of the innate system that play a significant role in the recognition of infectious agents, particularly, bacteria. We hypothesised that inherited variation in TLR and TREM-1 genes may affect individual susceptibility to IE.

The role of cystatin C in the prognosis of adverse outcomes after the coronary artery bypass graft surgery during hospitalisation.

Background: This study has been aimed to assess clinical significance of cystatin C in the prognosis of a risk of hospital complications among the patients with coronary artery disease CAD who have undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).

Methods: We have recruited 719 consecutive Caucasian (Russian) patients who underwent CABG in 2011-2012.

Results: No statistically significant differences in the serum creatinine concentration (sCr) and glomerular filtration rate before and seven days after the surgery have been found among the patients belonging to different EuroSCORE risk groups.

Mimiviridae, Marseilleviridae, and virophages as emerging human pathogens causing healthcare-associated infections.

Aim: During the last decade it became obvious that viruses belonging to Mimiviridae and Marseilleviridae families (order Megavirales), may be potential causative agents of pneumonia. Thus, we have performed a review of the association of Mimiviridae, Marseilleviridae, and virophages with pneumonia, particularly healthcare-associated pneumonia, and other infections of the respiratory tract.

Results And Discussion: According to the analysis of the published articles, viruses belonging to Mimiviridae family can be potential agents of both community-acquired and healthcare-associated pneumonia.

Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation after an unsuccessful surgical ablation and biological prosthetic mitral valve replacement: a pilot study.

Background: Patients with mitral valve (MV) disease and atrial fibrillation (AF) undergo simultaneous prosthetic valve replacement and radiofrequency (RF) ablation procedure; however, this combinational procedure restores sinus rhythm (SR) in only 68-82% of the cases. In patients with ineffective surgical ablation, the use of a biological prosthetic valve might not only be a good choice to perform safe catheter ablation procedure in the left atrium (LA), but also provide a way to discontinue administration of oral anticoagulants. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of catheter ablation for AF after MV replacement with a biological prosthesis and an ineffective surgical ablation procedure.

Multivessel coronary artery disease, free fatty acids, oxidized LDL and its antibody in myocardial infarction.

Background: Free fatty acids (FFA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its antibodies, lipid profile markers, which are formed under oxidative stress, play an important role in atherosclerotic disease. Assess the levels of these markers in myocardial infarction patients depending on the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: ST-elevation MI patients with hemodynamically significant stenoses of ≥ 75% in one, two, three, or more coronary arteries were examined.

Genetic predisposition to calcific aortic stenosis and mitral annular calcification.

Valvular calcification precedes the development of valvular stenosis and may represent an important early phenotype for valvular heart disease. It is known that development of valvular calcification is likely to occur among members of a family. However, the knowledge about the role of genomic predictive markers in valvular calcification is still elusive.

Does preoperative mild cognitive impairment predict postoperative cognitive dysfunction after on-pump coronary bypass surgery?

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may contribute to the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of early and long-term POCD after CABG in coronary heart disease patients with and without preoperative MCI.

Methods: The study enrolled two groups of males with coronary heart disease: 51 without MCI (mean age 56.

Correlation between genetic polymorphisms within IL-1B and TLR4 genes and cancer risk in a Russian population: a case-control study.

In the last decade, a growing interest has been devoted to the evaluation of the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on cancer risk. According to the results of multiple studies, among the genes that have a considerable influence on cancer risk are those encoding pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, and antioxidant defense enzymes. Nonetheless, the effect of numerous SNPs within these genes on cancer risk has been scarcely investigated.

Lipid, adipokine and ghrelin levels in myocardial infarction patients with insulin resistance.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction (MI). IR often manifests in MI and is regarded as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality, which can provide early risk stratification for recurrent acute coronary events.

Methods: The study enrolled 200 patients (130 males and 70 females aged 61.

The prognostic value of peripheral artery diseases in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Hypothesis: To evaluate the clinical and prognostic role of haemodynamically insignificant stenosis of the extracranial arteries (ECA) and lower extremity arteries (LEA) among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Patients And Methods: The study sample consisted of 423 patients with STEMI who were consecutively admitted to the Kemerovo Cardiological Centre.

Results: The prevalence of polyvascular diseases (PVD), as defined by an increased intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery or by stenosis of the ECA or LEA, was 95%.

[Quality of life of patients after coronary bypass surgery: effect of age and personality type D].

Aim: To study effect of age and presence of personality type D on quality of life (QL) of patients in one year after coronary bypass surgery (CBS).

Material And Methods: Assessment of QL before and after surgery was carried out in 408 patients. Two groups were formed: patients younger than 60 years (n=233) and older than 60 years (n=175).

[Role of renal dysfunction and multifocal atherosclerosis in assessment of prognosis of patients presenting with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome].

Aim: To assess incidence and severity of renal dysfunction as well as its prognostic value in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multifocal atherosclerosis (MFA).

Material And Methods: We enrolled in this study 529 patients with STEMI in whom we estimated creatinine clearance rate (eGFR) and glomerular filtration rate (eCrCl) using Cockcroft-Gault equation and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula, respectively. Duplex ultrasonography of lower extremity and extracranial arteries was performed in 423 patients on day 5-10 of hospitalization.

[Effect of an educational program on effectiveness and safety of anticoagulant therapy in patients with prostheses of cardiac valves].

We analyzed effectiveness and safety of anticoagulant therapy in patients with prostheses of cardiac valves at the background of educational program and without special training. We revealed positive effect of educational program during participation in which in 80 cases (67.8%) patients determined international normalized ratio every month and in 50 of them (62,5%) level of hypocoagulation corresponded to target range (p=0.

[The role of multifocal atherosclerosis in realization of new cardiovascular complications during one year after non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome].

Study Aim: to assess prognostic value of multifocal atherosclerosis (MFA) relative to risk of new cardiovascular catastrophes in patients with non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) during one year follow-up.

Material And Methods: atients with NSTEACS (n=266) subjected to coronary angiography and color duplex scanning of peripheral arteries (PA) were included in this study. Presence of "end points" (cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, decompensation of heart failure) was assessed after one year of follow-up.

[Analysis of approaches to assessment of persistent loss of capacity to work in patients who had undergone coronary bypass surgery].

Aim of the study was to assess factors influencing decisions about persistent disability of patients after coronary bypass surgery (CBS). By method of continuous sampling (registry study) we examined 427 working age patients who had undergone CBS. Although surgical treatment was effective rehabilitating factor most patients after CBS at inspection in institutions of medical social expertise were unreasonably classified as having low degree of restoration of ability to work.

[Optimal timing of the second stage of revascularization in the treatment of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and multivascular involvement].

An assessment of outcomes in 187 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with multivessel coronary disease who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was done. All patients were divided into two groups: in group 1 (n=39) second phase of revasculrization was performed within 60 days, in group 2 (n=148) it was carried out or planned in more than 60 days after index event. During 12 months of follow up rates of combined end point (death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization [TVR]) and TVR in group 1 were lower than in group 2 (5.

Perioperative Dynamics of TLR2, TLR4, and TREM-1 Expression in Monocyte Subpopulations in the Setting of On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.

Hypercytokinemia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Monocytes are the main source of cytokines in the early inflammatory phase. Simultaneous stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) activating receptor on monocytes results in the amplification of the inflammatory signal and multiple increase in proinflammatory cytokine production.

SYNTAX score effect on electroencephalography power dynamics in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background: The severity of angiographically assessed coronary artery disease may be the factor that influences the degree of brain damage during on-pump surgery. Modern technology such as computed electroencephalography (EEG) that is used to detect signs of brain damage could also be used to determine the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical myocardial revascularization methods in certain categories of patients. The present study investigated EEG power dynamics for 1 postoperative month in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) who were divided into two groups: those with moderate coronary lesions (SYNTAX score ≤ 22, n = 12) and those with severe coronary lesions (SYNTAX score ≥ 23, n = 18).

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, free fatty acids, and insulin resistance in patients with myocardial infarction.

Background: Insulin resistance is known to be a common feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is regarded as an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of this disease. The key pathogenetic mechanisms of insulin resistance progression are free fatty acids metabolism impairment and enhanced activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Both free fatty acids and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 are recognized as risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Insulin resistance and inflammation markers in myocardial infarction.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is known to be characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is regarded as an important mechanism in disease pathogenesis. One of the key pathogenetic mechanisms of IR progression is impaired free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism. Plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and key inflammation markers, ie, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), also play a role.

Relationship between free fatty acids, insulin resistance markers, and oxidized lipoproteins in myocardial infarction and acute left ventricular failure.

Background: The most common cause of myocardial infarction (MI) is stenotic atherosclerotic lesions in subepicardial coronary arteries. Artery disease progression induces clinical signs and symptoms, among which MI is the leader in mortality and morbidity. Recent studies have been trying to find new biochemical markers that could predict the evolution of clinical complications; among those markers, free fatty acids (FFA) and oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (oxidized LDL) have a special place.