[Ghrelin Physiology and Pathophysiology: Focus on the Cardiovascular System].

Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone, mainly synthesized by P / D1 cells of the stomach fundus mucosa. Its basic effect, which is realized via GHS-R1 α receptor in the arcuate and the ventromedial nucleuses of hypothalamus, is stimulation of the synthesis of pituitary hormones. Ghrelin is involved in control of appetite and energy balance, regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as modulation of functioning of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary and immune systems.

Two-stage approach for surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot in underweight children: Clinical and morphological outcomes.

Background: Two-stage surgery including right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) stenting with subsequent total surgical repair (TSG) has been suggested as a promising curative option in infants with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) having comorbidities such as low body weight. However, data on clinical outcomes of such approach and tissue response to RVOT stenting in underweight infants are scarce.

Methods: We recruited 16 underweight (<3 kg; average weight, 2.

Volatile Anesthetics versus Total Intravenous Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery.

Background: Volatile (inhaled) anesthetic agents have cardioprotective effects, which might improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, multicenter, single-blind, controlled trial at 36 centers in 13 countries. Patients scheduled to undergo elective CABG were randomly assigned to an intraoperative anesthetic regimen that included a volatile anesthetic (desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane) or to total intravenous anesthesia.

Leptin resistance: underlying mechanisms and diagnosis.

Leptin and its receptors have been identified as key regulators of body weight and energy homeostasis. A decrease in tissue sensitivity to leptin leads to the development of obesity and metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Mechanisms underlying the development of leptin resistance include mutations in the genes encoding leptin and its receptors, as well as proteins involved in self-regulation of leptin synthesis and blood-brain barrier permeability.

[Microflora of peripheral blood obtained from patients with infective endocarditis.].

Infective endocarditis is a serious inflammatory disease associated with damage of heart valves and other parts of endocardium. This study included 91 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of «infectious endocarditis» and hospitalized at the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Disease (Kemerovo, Russia) from 2010 to 2015. The determination of the spectrum of microorganisms in the samples of patients' peripheral blood was carried out using the PCR method using reagents produced by Lyteh Ltd.

[Not Available].

Purpose: to assess relationship between the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and associated population risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) alcohol consumption in the Siberian region (Kemerovo Region).

Materials And Methods: This work was carried out within the framework of a multicenter epidemiological study "Epidemiology of CardioVascular Diseases in the regions of the Russian Federation" (ЭССЕ-РФ in the Kemerovo region) in 2013. In the final form, the sample size was 1628 individuals aged 25-64 years.

Psychological and social factors of adherence to treatment in patients with myocardial infarction.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of psychological and social factors on adherence to treatment in patients with primary and repeated myocardial infarction (MI).

Materials And Methods: Patients with primary (n=61) and repeated (n=72) ST-segment elevation MI were enrolled in the study. State and trait anxiety, accentuation of personality traits, patient awareness, and adherence to treatment, represented by adherence rate to treatment were evaluated.

Cardiovascular disease and associated comorbid conditions as determinants of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancy - an analysis of the results of the register of pregnant BEREG.

Aim: the Aim of the BEREG Registry was to analyze the prevalence and structure of cardiovascular diseases, associated comorbid conditions and assess their effects on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in real clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: In Tula city regional perinatal center the observation study named "Assessment of the clinical condition of the pregnant women with cardiovascular disease during gestation, at child delivery, at the early postpartum period and at twelve months after childbirth and assesment of perinatal outcomes, condition of the fetus and the newborn and the quality of treatment of these patients groups.  All eligibly pregnant women hospitalized in 2014 to "Tula regional perinatal center" have been recruited in the Registry.

[Pharmacological neuroprotection for intracerebral hemorrhages in patients with polyvascular disease].

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological neuroprotection with protein, peptide and metabolic drugs as a part of basic intensive therapy for intracerebral hemorrhages in patients with polyvascular disease (PolyVD).

Material And Methods: Twenty-eight male patients with PolyVD referred to surgical treatment of intracerebral hemorrhages, who were on mechanical ventilation and received basic intensive care, were included in a single center prospective observational study. All patients were assigned either to routine daily i/v infusions of 10 ml cytoflavin in 0.

[Not Available].

The Aim: Evaluates long-term clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) versus minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) surgery for the treatment of left anterior descending (LAD) lesions.

Methods And Results: In this single-center study were included 130 patients with stable angina and significant (≥ 70 %) LAD disease. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to PCI with everolimus-eluting BVS (n=65) or MIDCAB (n=65).

[In-hospital outcomes of carotid endarterectomy depending on severity of contralateral lesion].

Aim: To compare in-hospital outcomes of carotid endarterectomy (CEE) in patients with different lesion of contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA).

Material And Methods: There were 730 CEE procedures in patients with bilateral ICA lesion for the period 2011-2016. All patients were divided into 4 groups depending on contralateral ICA stenosis grade: group 1 - stenosis up to 60% (42.

EEG and Clinical Factors Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Coronary Artery Disease Patients.

Background: Although an impaired cognitive status in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is not rare, the neurophysiological and clinical indicators of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been insufficiently investigated so far.

Methods: EEG and neuropsychological testing as well as clinical examination were performed on 122 patients with CAD, who were divided into two groups, those with MCI (n = 60; mean age 57.4 ± 5.

Endovascular Interventions Permit Isolation of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells from Peripheral Blood.

Background: Isolation of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) is difficult due to the extremely low concentration of their precursors in the peripheral blood (PB). We hypothesized that mechanical injury to the arterial wall during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may increase the release of circulating ECFC precursors and induce their growth in vitro.

Methods: PB samples from patients with coronary artery disease were collected before, immediately after, and 24 h after the surgery in the CABG group.

[Prediction of Risk of Calcification of Heart Valve Bioprostheses on the Basis of Comprehensive Assessment of Recipients Clinical Factors and Their Compliance With Therapy].

Purpose: The development of the prediction methods of calcification risk of heart valve bioprostheses (BP) based on comprehensive assessment of the impact of clinical factors of the recipients and their adherence to medication.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective study of clinical status and adherence to drug therapy of 170 recipients of heart valve BP with (n=63) and without (n=109) calcification. We used the method of comprehensive assessment of the analyzed parameters with estimation of prognostic coefficients for each of them, followed by calculation of integral indicators and construction on their basis of prognostic models for the various intervals of BP functioning.

Dynamic matrisome: ECM remodeling factors licensing cancer progression and metastasis.

The main cause of cancer-related mortality, metastasis, is a complex, multi-step process. The extracellular matrix (ECM) component of solid tumors has been implicated in metastatic progression; however, the ECM exists as a complex macromolecular substrate and it is unclear how its molecular composition promotes cancer progression. ECM homeostasis is regulated by various secreted proteins including cross-linkers (e.

[Left Ventricular Myocardial Hypertrophy as a Result of Arterial Hypertension Among Mountain Shoria Population. The Role of Genetic Polymorphism].

Objective: to establish associations of candidate genes ACE, AGT, AGTR1, ADRB1, ADRA2B, MTHFR and NOS3 polymorphisms with left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) among the indigenous (the Shors) and non-indigenous population of Mountain Shoria.

Materials And Methods: We examined 788 people in a clinical and epidemiological study of compactly living population in the remote areas of Mountain Shoria, located in the south of Western Siberia (468 members of indigenous ethnic group [the Shors], 320 members of non-indigenous ethnic group [90% Caucasian]). Diagnosis of AH was set in accordance with recommendations of Society of Cardiology of the Russian Federation/Medical Society of the Russian Federation on the Problem of Arterial Hypertension (RMOAG) (2010).

Localization of fat depots and cardiovascular risk.

Despite the existing preventative and therapeutic measures, cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of temporary disability, long-term disability, and mortality. Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and their complications. However, not all fat depots have the same inflammatory, paracrine, and metabolic activities.

[Fibrogenesis Genes and Susceptibility to Coronary Atherosclerosis].

Objectives: To study associations between genes of different functional classes, including fibrogenesis genes, with coronary atherosclerosis and specific features of its course.

Methods: We included in this study 404 patients with confirmed chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD) who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting. Two groups of participants were distinguished - those with (n=188) and without (n=216) history of myocardial infarction (MI).

[Assessment of Outcomes and Treatment Tactics in Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: Data of Five-Year Follow-up].

Purpose: to study the role of clinical factors and treatment tactics in the development of adverse outcomes in patients with non-STelevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) for five years follow up.

Materials And Methods: The study included 415 patients with NSTEACS observed for 60±4 months from the date of discharge. Adverse events (AE) were unstable angina (UA), myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke or patient's death.

[Left ventricular noncompaction].

This paper provides a literature review on left ventricular noncompaction (noncompact cardiomyopathy). It details the historical aspects, epidemiology, ethology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this abnormality.

Size-Dependent Ability of Liposomes to Accumulate in the Ischemic Myocardium and Protect the Heart.

Liposomes have the potential to be used for drug delivery. Meanwhile, liposome size may affect their accumulation in the target tissue. We investigated the myocardial accumulation of 2 populations of liposomes (∼70 and 110 nm diameter) during ischemia and their effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury.

[Calcification Patterns of the Components of the Cardiovascular System and Their Substitutes: Composition, Stucture and Localization of Calcific Deposits].

Calcification of cardiovascular tissues and biological substitutes results in abnormal biomechanics, causing stenosis or tissues ruptures. Therefore, the understanding of calcification pathways will facilitate the development of strategies for calcification risk reduction. Even though calcification pathways have been studied since the mid-80s and are widely described in the medical literature, there is no consensus on the cause-and-effect relationships in this pathological process.

[The relationship of pathological ankle-brachial index and cognitive decline in patients after ischemic stroke].

Aim: To identify associations between cognitive impairment and values of ankle-brachial index (ABI) in patients after ischemic stroke at discharge from the hospital and over one-year follow-up.

Material And Methods: The study included 375 patients with normal (n=192) and elevated (n=153) ABI who underwent ischemic stroke (IS). Neurological examination was performed using NIHSS, the Rankin scale, Barthel index, Rivermead Mobility Index at discharge from the hospital and over one-year follow-up.