Role of Gluten-Free Diet on HbA1c Level in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Celiac Disease.

Background: Due to autoimmune mechanisms, celiac disease (CD) may affect patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) more than the general population.

Objectives: We evaluated the effect of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on HbA1c levels in patients with both type 1 diabetes and CD.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, biochemical and clinical information was gathered from 174 children with T1DM from January 2013 to January 2019.

Detection of Eosinophilic Cell-free Granules Based on Expression of CCR3 and MBP Markers in Esophageal Biopsy Specimens of Patients with Suspected and Confirmed Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Purpose: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the most well-known eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder (EGID) characterized by the presence of a high number eosinophils within the esophageal epithelium and the clinical signs. Biopsies of patients with suspected EoE may not show a high number of eosinophils, however the presence of granules may help with the diagnosis. This study aims to evaluate the presence of cell-free eosinophil granules in the esophageal tissue of patients with suspected and confirmed EoE to accelerate the diagnosis and treatment of patients with low eosinophil count.

Determining the minimum data elements to develop a child malnutrition registry system.

Background: Today, malnutrition is one of the biggest health crises for children in the world. Access to accurate and high-quality data is very important to establish policies to deal with it. Registries are considered valuable tools for data collection and management of child malnutrition.

The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with reported incidences ranging from 20-70% within the first 100 days post-transplant. AKI can adversely impact outcomes and survival in this patient population.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 110 pediatric patients who underwent HSCT at Mofid Children's Hospital, affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between 2016-2021.

Challenges in Toileting Evaluation and Interventions for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Delphi Study.

Importance: Toileting difficulties have a significant impact on the daily lives of children with cerebral palsy (CP), yet research on this issue remains inadequate. There is a critical need to better understand the challenges health care professionals face in addressing toileting difficulties.

Objective: To explore challenges faced by health care professionals in toileting evaluation and interventions for children with CP ages 6-18 yr.

The Impact of Telenursing on the Self-management of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Adolescent Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy.

Background: Chemotherapy is one of the cancer treatments among adolescents, after which nursing care at home is required due to developing side effects such as constipation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. One solution to deliver nursing care is to provide remote self-management training.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of telenursing on the self-management of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms among adolescents undergoing chemotherapy.

An analysis of the efficacy of universal PCR and BACTEC 9120 BD for identifying bacteremia in pediatrics.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are serious diseases in pediatrics and can increase the rate of morbidity and mortality. Blood culture is time consuming and can have false negative results in some case such as the intracellular or fastidious bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the PCR against automated blood culture with BACTEC.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric bloodstream infections and alteration in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Gram-positive bacteria, 2020-2022.

Background: Alteration in the etiology of pediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not well known during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric BSIs and alteration in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Gram-positive bacteria.

Methods: The frequency of BSIs among children under 18 years old was retrospectively recorded in a tertiary children's hospital in Tehran, Iran from February 2020 to December 2022.

A Delphi Exploration of Toileting Activity Performance in Individuals With Cerebral Palsy Within the ICF-CY Framework: Unveiling Influential Factors.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common motor and postural developmental disability impacting daily activities like toileting. Despite its importance, toileting has often been undervalued in healthcare. This study is aimed at identifying and assessing the level of influence of various factors affecting toileting in individuals with CP using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) framework.

The effect of photobiomodulation therapy on implant stability: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study was designed to determine the effect of photobiomodulation therapy on dental implant stability. A complete systematic search was performed in PUBMED/MEDLINE, COCHRANE library databases, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases on articles published until June 2024. All the RCTs and CCTs reported the solo impact of photobiomodulation on dental implant stability in humans were included.

The association between nutritional status measured by body mass index and outcomes in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Aim/introduction: The relationship between nutritional status upon admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and clinical outcomes remains unclear. We examined the relationship between nutrition status, as indicated by body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age), and clinical outcomes in the PICU.

Method: In this retrospective study at a tertiary care center, records of 1,015 critically ill children and adolescents aged one month to 18 years old with available anthropometric parameters were included.

The Frequency of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children from West of Iran and Genotyping of Rotavirus Isolates: A Suggestion for Further Changes in Childhood Immunization Program.

Background: Rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis among children. Currently, four oral live-attenuated vaccines are available to prevent rotavirus infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended including rotavirus vaccination in national immunization programs; however, it has not been introduced to the Iranian national immunization program.

Revisiting double-negative T cells in autoimmune lymphoproliferative immunodeficiencies: a case series.

Background: Elevated level of double-negative T (DNT) cells is a historical hallmark of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) diagnosis. However, the peripheral blood level of DNT cells might also be compromised in autoimmune lymphoproliferative immunodeficiencies (ALPID) other than ALPS, inattention to which would increase the delay in diagnosis of the underlying genetic defect and hinder disease-specific treatment.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited patients suffering from ALPID (exclusion of ALPS) with established genetic diagnosis.

Core myopathy in two siblings with a biallelic variant in the CACNA1S gene-A case series study.

Unlabelled: Homozygous variants of Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 S (CACNA1S) gene mutation were previously identified as causes of periodic paralysis and congenital early-onset myopathy, while it could be manifested as a late-onset congenital core myopathy.

Abstract: Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 S (CACNA1S) gene mutation has been linked to various neuromuscular conditions in recent years. Congenital myopathy with core-like features is one of the cardinal associations reported previously, causing severe respiratory insufficiency and death in neonates.

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of toxin-producing clinical isolates from children admitted to the oncology chemotherapy center in Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran, Iran: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: () is the second bacterial cause of nosocomial infections in the general population after . This study surveyed the frequency of cytotoxin-producing strains of and their antibiotic susceptibility profile in a cohort of children admitted to a referral hospital with different malignancies.

Methods: The Stool samples of children admitted to the Cancer Chemotherapy Unit of the Mofid Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran were analyzed using conventional biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction targeting the gene to identify .

Comparative analysis of the RVA VP7 and VP4 antigenic epitopes circulating in Iran and the Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccines.

Analyzing the lineages and detecting antigenic variation in immunogenic motifs of Group A Rotavirus (RVA) variants is crucial because it can impact vaccine efficacy. This study investigated the circulating lineages of VP4 and VP7 proteins of human RVA isolates and their phylogeny in ≤24-month-old symptomatic, rotavirus-positive children with transudative diarrhea within 48 h of admission to Mofid Children's Hospital between December 2020 and March 2022 in Tehran, Iran. Antigen detection was performed by ELISA, RNA extraction, and semi-nested multiplex PCR for G/P genotypes, followed by sequencing and bioinformatic analysis using multiple sequence alignments in MEGA and phylogenetic analysis by Geneious Prime.

Pediatric Surgery Workforce Around the World: A Need to Revise Residency Programs?

The study aimed to address the shortage of pediatric surgery specialists globally by investigating the discrepancies in training programs and population metrics across different countries and regions. An international survey of pediatric surgeons gathered data on training duration, examination procedures, certification, and population metrics like mortality rate and surgeon-to-population ratio. The study included 44 countries.

Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: From dysregulation of the immune responses to the potential immunotherapies.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a considerable global health burden due to its late diagnosis and high morbidity. The liver's specific anatomical and physiological features expose it to various antigens, requiring precise immune regulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a comprehensive overview of the interactions between the immune system and gut microbiota in the development of HCC, as well as the relevant therapeutic approaches are discussed.

Antibiotic prescription prevalence in Iranian outpatients: A focus on defined daily doses and the AWaRe classification system.

Background: The inappropriate use and overprescription of antibiotics pose a global health threat, particularly contributing to antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to evaluate antibiotic prescription prevalence in Iranian outpatients using the defined daily doses (DDD) and Access, Watch, and Reserve classification systems.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed electronic prescriptions for systemic antibiotics in Tehran, Iran, from March 2022 to March 2023.