Obesity and postpartum hospital use among individuals without additional medical comorbidities.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine whether obesity without preexisting or gestational comorbidities is associated with postpartum hospital use (PHU).

Methods: We studied 2016 to 2018 birth certificate and discharge data on 178,729 New York City births without International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes at delivery for diabetes; hypertension; placental disease; anemia; thyrotoxicosis; bariatric surgery; and pulmonary, cardiac, renal, bleeding, autoimmune, digestive, neuromuscular, mental, or substance-use disorders. We defined PHU as ≥1 readmission or emergency department visit within 30 days of delivery discharge.

'Implementation of bio…what?' Farm workers' subjectivities in Spanish dairy cattle farms through an ethnographic approach.

This study explores the implementation of biosecurity measures by farm workers through daily work routines on dairy cattle farms in Spain. The implementation of biosecurity measures on dairy cattle farms is mainly decided by farmers and veterinarians, but it is carried out by both farmers and farm workers. However, farm workers may be affected by socio-employment factors such as the precariousness of their work such that implementation of biosecurity measures may be context dependent and may differ from official recommendations.

Lysine requirement of weaned piglets.

Lysine, often referred to as the 'first limiting amino acid' in pig nutrition, plays a pivotal role in growth performance. Variability in lysine requirements arises due to factors such as age, sex and environmental conditions. Optimising pig health and production efficiency and minimising nitrogen excretion require accurate knowledge of estimated lysine requirements accounting for factors such as genetics, feeding practices, scientific advancements, and environmental considerations.

Cooled Multifunctional Platforms to Alleviate Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens: Effects on Performance, Carcass and Meat Quality Traits.

Platforms have been shown to be a suitable environmental enrichment for broiler chickens, accommodating their motivation to roost and rest at an elevated position. In order to increase the animal welfare benefits, we designed prototype elevated platforms with additional functionalities: a local cooling system, a sheltered area underneath the platform and collection trays underneath the platform that prevent manure from falling on the litter. This study assessed the effects of these multifunctional platforms during thermoneutral and heat stress conditions on two key determinants of their commercial uptake potential, namely production performance, carcass and meat quality.

Activation of the tick Toll pathway to control infection of Ixodes ricinus by the apicomplexan parasite Babesia microti.

The vector competence of blood-feeding arthropods is influenced by the interaction between pathogens and the immune system of the vector. The Toll and IMD (immune deficiency) signaling pathways play a key role in the regulation of innate immunity in both the Drosophila model and blood-feeding insects. However, in ticks (chelicerates), immune determination for pathogen acquisition and transmission has not yet been fully explored.

The influence of cooling die temperature gradients on the texture of high-moisture meat analogs.

In this study, we used protein blends and rheological methods to simulate the structural changes in high-moisture meat analogs (HMMA) within the cooling die and clarified the complex interactions between changes in protein composition and HMMA's textural characteristics. Rheological analysis revealed a decrease in rheological parameters with an increase in the cooling die temperature, although no structural collapse was observed in gel stability. Although the hardness of HMMA decreased with an increase in the cooling die temperature, it facilitated the alignment of protein structures, resulting in an enhanced texturization index.

Attitudes toward artificial meat in Arab countries.

In development for almost 20 years, artificial meat (also known as "cell-based meat," "cell-cultured meat," "cultured meat," "cultivated meat," "in vitro meat" and "lab-grown meat") is the most striking example of cellular agriculture. This research aims to study Arab consumers' attitudes toward artificial meat, which is a topic of great interest to scientists and the media. An online survey was conducted with 1025 participants revealed that 17% consider artificial meat to be promising and acceptable.

Sex-specific NLRP3 activation in neutrophils promotes neutrophil recruitment and NETosis in the murine model of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.

Objectives: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus and small vessel vasculitis. We previously showed that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were associated with the pathogenesis of pristane-induced DAH and demonstrated that neutrophil NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome assembly participated in NET generation under sterile stimulation. We investigated whether NLRP3 inflammasome assembly in neutrophils may drive pulmonary NETosis in a mouse model of pristane-induced DAH.

Rice small protein OsS1Fa1 participates in stress responses as an inner nuclear membrane protein.

The rice small protein OsS1Fa1, a homolog of spinach S1Fa, plays a significant role in drought tolerance, attributed to its transmembrane domain. In this study, we aim to further elucidate the potential roles of OsS1Fa1 in cold and biotic stresses as an inner nuclear membrane protein. Fluorescence analysis confirmed the localization of OsS1Fa1 to the inner nuclear membrane.

Microstructural and textural characteristics of blend gels and high-moisture meat analogs of soy protein isolate and faba bean protein concentrate.

In this study, the effects of faba bean protein concentrate (FPC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) on the microstructure and texture of high-moisture meat analogs (HMMA) were extensively analyzed using rheological methodologies. Rheological analyses revealed that introducing FPC disrupted the gel structure and hindered the formation of a protein network among the SPIs. The gel stability also indicated that higher FPC content increased the susceptibility to continuous oscillation, potentially resulting in structural collapse.

Impact of formulation and home storage conditions on the content of furan and derivatives in powdered infant formula.

While autoxidation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) is a potential source of furan and its derivatives, the regulatory obligation to enrich powdered infant formulae (PIF) with some of these compounds might raise safety issues. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of formulation and home storage conditions on the generation of furan and its derivatives in PIF. Furan, 2-methylfuran (2-MF) and 3-methylfuran (3-MF) were monitored by a validated SHS-GC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS method in six PIF formulated with high or low concentrations of different PUFAs (ALA, ARA, DHA), pro-oxidants (iron) and anti-oxidants (vitamins) and stored for 21 days under more or less oxidizing home storage conditions, including temperature (19 °C or 40 °C) and oxygen exposure (protected or not from ambient air).

Stronger binding affinities of in provide insights into HIV/host interactions.

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) exploits the viral protein and host / receptors for the pandemic infection to humans. The host co-receptors of not only humans but also several primates and HIV-model mice can interact with the HIV receptor. However, the molecular mechanisms of these interactions remain unclear.

S-enhanced microbial activation of biochars and processed grass fibers for circular horticulture.

Sulfur-enhanced microbiologically activated biochar and processed grass fibers were tested for suitability as bulk material for horticultural substrates. The potential for use as bulk material was improved when grass fibers with lower biological stability were acidified with elemental sulfur (S). Acidification of the fibers with S was obtained within 2 weeks and resulted in a higher biological stability due to improved decomposition during incubation with S, a change in the microbiome, or inhibition due to high sulfate concentrations, which reduced the decomposition activity.

Survey of Flemish Poultry Farmers on How Birds Fit for Transport to the Slaughterhouse Are Selected, Caught, and Crated and Their Opinions Regarding the Pre-Transport Process.

The pre-transport phase induces stress, fear, and injury in poultry, but management choices greatly influence this. Pre-transport practices for spent hens and broilers in Flanders (Belgium) were studied. Poultry farmers (31 of 156 layers and 48 of 203 broiler farmers completed the survey) were surveyed on the selection of unfit chickens, catching and crating, and farmer opinion.

Wheat field earthworms under divergent farming systems across a European climate gradient.

Earthworms are a key faunal group in agricultural soils, but little is known on how farming systems affect their communities across wide climatic gradients and how farming system choice might mediate earthworms' exposure to climate conditions. Here, we studied arable soil earthworm communities on wheat fields across a European climatic gradient, covering nine pedo-climatic zones, from Mediterranean to Boreal (S to N) and from Lusitanian to Pannonian (W to E). In each zone, 20-25 wheat fields under conventional or organic farming were sampled.

Authentication of Honey from the Middle Atlas Mountains of Morocco: Physicochemical Properties, Mineral Content, Sugar, Polyphenol Profiles, and Antioxidant Capacity.

The jujube honey from the Moroccan Middle Atlas area is thoroughly described in this study, which takes into account melissopalynological, physicochemical, antioxidant, mineral, and phytochemical characteristics. Twelve samples of jujube honey underwent in-depth analyses between 2019 and 2021. The honey's unifloral origin was confirmed by pollen analysis, which revealed that pollen predominated along with pollen from 21 other species.

Structure formation in high moisture extrudates produced from soy protein fractions varying in 7S/11S globulin ratio.

Soy proteins mainly comprise 7S and 11S globulins, which have distinct structural and physical properties. To investigate the impact of soy protein composition on structure formation during high moisture extrusion (HME), fractions enriched in 7S or 11S globulins were prepared and blended in different ratios for lab-scale HME processing. Extrudates prepared from the 11S globulin-enriched fraction were inhomogeneous, as opposed to all other extrudates.

Exploratory actor mapping of social interactions within tick risk surveillance networks in France.

Ticks are important zoonotic disease vectors for human and animal health worldwide. In Europe they are the principal vector of public health importance, responsible for Lyme disease, the most prevalent and widespread tick-borne disease (TBD). Tick presence and TBD incidence are increasing, questioning the effectiveness of existing surveillance systems.

Sink-source driven metabolic acclimation of winter oilseed rape leaves (Brassica napus L.) to drought.

The crop cycle of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) incorporates source-to-sink remobilisation during the vegetative stage as a principal factor influencing the ultimate seed yield. These processes are supported by the coordinated activity of the plant's central metabolism. However, climate change-induced drought will affect the metabolic acclimation of WOSR sink/source relationships at this vegetative stage, with consequences that remain to be determined.

Thermorheological properties and structural characteristics of soy and pumpkin seed protein blends for high-moisture meat analogs.

This study explored the effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and pumpkin seed protein concentrate (PSC) blends on the thermorheological properties and microstructure of high-moisture meat analogs. Using a Discovery Hybrid Rheometer, we observed that increasing PSC content weakened SPI network formation, resulting in decreased gel stability and a more porous, less aligned structure. Microstructural analyses (FE-SEM and FT-IR) revealed a correlation between protein network disruption and increased PSC content.

Cryopreservation did not affect spermatogonia global methylation profile in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis).

Spermatogonia cryopreservation is a method to preserve valuable genomes from both maternal and paternal origin. The damage associated with the application of this technology on post-thaw cell quality is important to assess, including at the epigenetic level. This study aimed to assess post-thawed spermatogonia quality by evaluating alterations in plasma membrane integrity, DNA integrity (fragmentation and apoptosis), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde levels) and epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation profile).