The association between acute transverse myelitis and COVID-19 vaccination in Korea: Self-controlled case series study.

Background: Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) has been reported as a potential association between COVID-19 vaccination. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between the COVID-19 vaccination and ATM.

Methods: A self-controlled case series study was performed using a large database that combine the COVID-19 vaccine registry and the national claims database.

A conserved pilin from uncultured gut bacterial clade TANB77 enhances cancer immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a standard anti-cancer treatment, offering durable clinical benefits. However, the limited response rate of ICB necessitates biomarkers to predict and modulate the efficacy of the therapy. The gut microbiome's influence on ICB efficacy is of particular interest due to its modifiability through various interventions.

Gold nanoparticles mediate suppression of angiogenesis and breast cancer growth via MMP-9/NF-κB/mTOR and PD-L1/PD-1 signaling: integrative in vitro validation and network pharmacology insights.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as promising candidates for cancer therapy due to their unique physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. In this study, we investigate the synthesis, characterization, and therapeutic potential of AuNPs in breast cancer treatment. Further, it establishes a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which AuNPs suppress angiogenesis and breast cancer growth, identifying novel targets and signaling nodes contributing to the anti-tumor effects of AuNPs.

Blood-Based Biomarkers for Identifying Disease Activity in AQP4-IgG-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Importance: The temporal dynamics of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) and serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) as biomarkers of disease activity for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remain underexplored.

Objective: To determine optimal timing for assessing sGFAP and sNfL, establish cutoff values differentiating between attacks and remissions in NMOSD, and evaluate these findings across independent cohorts.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective, longitudinal, multicenter cohort study was conducted among patients with aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG)-positive NMOSD.

Neurofilament Light Chain as a Discriminator of Disease Activity Status in MOG Antibody-Associated Disease.

Background And Objectives: In patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), acute disease activity is generally identified through medical history, neurologic examination, and imaging. However, these may be insufficient for detecting disease activity in specific conditions. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) after clinical attacks and to assess their utility in discriminating attacks from remission in patients with MOGAD.

Concurrent Versus Sequential Adjuvant Capecitabine-Based Chemoradiation in Residual Triple-Negative Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant-Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Comparative Study.

Purpose: Given the aggressive nature and poor prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), adjuvant capecitabine has been the standard therapy for residual disease after preoperative systemic therapy (PST). However, the optimal sequence of postoperative radiation therapy (RT) and capecitabine remains unclear. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of concurrent RT and capecitabine (RT+CAP) versus sequential RT followed by capecitabine (RT→CAP) in patients with residual TNBC after PST.

Executive summary: Clinical practice guidelines on the management of resistant tuberculosis of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC).

The Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) have developed together Clinical Practice Guidelines (GPC) on the management of people affected by tuberculosis (TB) resistant to drugs with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These clinical practice guidelines include the latest updates of the SEPAR regulations for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant TB from 2017 to 2020 as the starting point. The methodology included asking relevant clinical questions based on PICO methodology, a literature search focusing on each question, and a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the evidence, with a summary of this evidence for each question.

Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activities of novel hydrazone derivatives downregulation of interleukin-6.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity worldwide. Sorafenib is a first-line drug for the treatment of HCC, however, it is reported to cause serious adverse effects and may lead to resistance in many patients. In this study, 20 hydrazone derivatives incorporating triazoles, pyrazolone, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, imidazoline, quinazoline, and oxadiazine moieties were designed, synthesized, and characterized.

Stratification of risk for lymph node metastasis and long-term oncologic outcomes in patients initially treated by endoscopic resection for rectal neuroendocrine tumors.

Background And Aims: The treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is determined by the risk of lymph node (LN) metastasis. This aim of this study was to stratify the risk of LN metastasis according to the number of risk factors and evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients initially treated endoscopically for rectal NETs.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 441 patients initially treated with endoscopy for rectal NETs; those who had at least 1 of the risk factors for LN metastasis were defined as high-risk patients.

Erratum: Standardized Ultrasound Evaluation for Active Surveillance of Low-Risk Thyroid Microcarcinoma in Adults: 2024 Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Consensus Statement.

This corrects the article on p. 942 in vol. 25, PMID: 39473087.

Assessing multi-target antiviral and antioxidant activities of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2: an integrated in vitro and in silico study.

There is an urgent need for preventive and therapeutic drugs to effectively treat and prevent viral diseases from resurfacing as they emerge during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess the antiviral effects of four natural compounds commonly used in traditional medicine to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. A cytotoxicity, dose-dependent, and plaque reduction assay was performed on Vero CCL-81 cells to figure out their effects on the cells.

Docetaxel/Cisplatin Chemotherapy Followed by Pelvic Radiation Therapy in Patients With High-risk Endometrial Cancer After Staging Surgery: A Phase 2 Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of docetaxel/cisplatin chemotherapy followed by pelvic radiation therapy after staging surgery in patients with high-risk endometrial cancer.

Methods And Materials: In this open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial conducted at 2 South Korean centers, we enrolled patients with histologically confirmed endometrial cancer who had undergone staging surgery. Inclusion criteria were based on International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Staging 2009: stage I patients with ≥2 risk factors (grade 3, positive lymphovascular invasion, more than half of myometrium invasion); stage IB and II patients with clear cell or serous adenocarcinoma; stage II patients post-type 1 hysterectomy; and patients at stage III.

Assessment of myco-fabricated AlO NPs toxicity on cancer cells and pathogenic microbes by suppression of bacterial metabolic key enzymes.

There has been a recent change in global attention towards addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a result of the concerning increase in mortality rates. Nanomaterials have become highly favorable options for a wide range of industrial and biological uses. The objective of this study was to produce aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlO NPs) using a crude extract from the fungus Aspergillus sp.

Real-world evidence of effectiveness and safety of pasireotide in the treatment of acromegaly: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pasireotide long-acting release (PAS-LAR) is a second-generation somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) approved for acromegaly treatment. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of PAS-LAR in patients with acromegaly resistant to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fgSRL). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science for real-world studies on PAS-LAR in acromegaly published between 2014 and 2023.

Prediction of menstrual recovery patterns in premenopausal women with breast cancer taking tamoxifen after chemotherapy: an ASTRRA Substudy.

Background: Chemo-endocrine therapy can lead to various side effects associated with ovarian dysfunction. Predicting menstrual recovery is necessary to discuss the treatment-related issues regarding fertility and premature menopause with patients.

Methods: In the ASTRRA trial, patients who resumed ovarian function within 2 years after chemotherapy were randomized to receive tamoxifen for 5 years or OFS with tamoxifen for 2 years.